1、考研英语模拟试卷 216及答案与解析 一、 Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 1 Researchers have found that migrating animals use a variety of inner compasses to help them navigate. Some (1)_ by the position of
2、the Sun. Others navigate by the stars. Some use the Sun as (2)_ guide during the day, and then (3)_ to star navigation by night. One study shows that the homing pigeon uses the Earths magnetic fields as a guide (4)_ finding its way home, and there are indications that various other animals, from ins
3、ects to mollusks (软体动物 ), can also make (5)_ of magnetic compasses. (6)_ is of course very useful for a migrating bird to be able to switch to magnetic compass when clouds cover the sun; (7)_ it Would just have to land and wait for the Sun to come out again. (8)_ with the Sun or stars to steer by, t
4、he problems of navigation are more complicated (9)_ they might seem at first. For example, a worker honeybee (10)_ has found a rich source of nectar and pollen flies rapidly home to the hive to (11)_: A naturalist has discovered that the bee scout (12)_ her report through complicated dance in the hi
5、ve, (13)_ she tells the other workers not only how far away the food is, but also what direction to fly in (14)_ to the Sun. (15)_ the Sun does not stay in one place all day. As the workers start (16)_ to gather the food, the Sun may (17)_ have changed its position in the sky somewhat. In later trip
6、s during the day, the Sun seems to move farther and farther toward the west. Yet the worker bees seem to have no (18)_ at all in finding the food source. Their inner (19)_ tell them just where the Sun will be, and they change their course (20)_. （ A） move （ B） fly （ C） steer （ D） swim （ A） their （ B
7、） its （ C） ones （ D） theirs （ A） convert （ B） switch （ C） plunge （ D） revolve （ A） in （ B） at （ C） for （ D） on （ A） way （ B） sense （ C） use （ D） advantage （ A） This （ B） That （ C） What （ D） It （ A） otherwise （ B） however （ C） meanwhile （ D） nevertheless （ A） Still （ B） Even （ C） Yet （ D） While （ A）
8、when （ B） as （ C） than （ D） as though （ A） that （ B） if （ C） when （ D） ir （ A） report （ B） say （ C） tell （ D） remind （ A） transmit （ B） do （ C） transfers （ D） delivers （ A） how （ B） why （ C） in which （ D） in this way （ A） order （ B） function （ C） relation （ D） response （ A） And （ B） Also （ C） For （
9、D） But （ A） away （ B） on （ C） with （ D） out （ A） already （ B） yet （ C） certainly （ D） finally （ A） fun （ B） trouble （ C） use （ D） way （ A） times （ B） clocks （ C） journals （ D） circumferences （ A） cooperatively （ B） coordinately （ C） correspondingly （ D） coherently Part A Directions: Read the followi
10、ng four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points) 21 Fortunately there are still a few tasty things for us gourmands to enjoy in relative security. Their numbers, however, are depleted almost daily. It seems, by ruthless proclamations from the ever-vigilant Fo
11、od and Drug Administration and its allies, our doctors. The latest felon to face prosecution is the salt of life, sodium chloride. Ostensibly, overuse of salt muses high blood pressure and hypertension, the cause of half the deaths in the United States every year. A few years ago the anti-salt campa
12、igners raised such a rumpus that salt was banned from baby food. Currently pressure is being applied to food manufacturers to oblige them to label their products to show sodium content. Bemuse doing so would cost mercenary manufacturers money, they argue that they have no idea how much salt remains
13、on such things as potato chips and how much sticks to the bag. Furthermore, salt isnt the only harmful ingredient in food. If the manufacturer has to provide sodium content, why not require him to list every ingredient and specify which are detrimental to our health? Cigarettes have a warning printe
14、d on them. Shouldnt the same type of warning appear on canned foods that are notoriously over-salted? There are endless ifs and buts in the controversy, but the most telling of these is the questionable proof of salts diabolic effect upon blood pressure. True, people who cut their salt intake lowere
15、d their blood pressure, but where is the scientific proof that something other than salt didnt do the trick? The most common means of providing dubious proof that salt causes hyper tension is to compare societies that use little salt with those that use mountains of salt in their daily diets. Which
16、group has the higher rate of hypertension? Whose blood pressure is lower? What happens when salt is introduced into a group where salt is a novelty? Does the blood pressure rise significantly? Studies of the Japanese indicate that as the worlds greatest salters, they suffer the most from hypertensio
17、n. On the other hand, the simple, salt-free cuisine of several tribes in the Solomon Islands has kept older tribesmen and women from developing hypertension and high blood pressure, ailments traditionally killing their peers in America. No account is taken of the effects of inflation, recession, pol
18、lution, crime, and sundry other ills to which Americans unlike people on primitive islands, are exposed. To salt or not to salt? That is the question. Now that the question has arisen, it must not be treated with levity but, rather, with searching scientific investigation so that those of us who are
19、 preoccupied with both savory food and longevity may decide which of the two is worth its salt. 21 What is the attitude of the author of this passage toward the salt controversy? （ A） We must stop eating salt immediately. （ B） She is not convinced that salt is harmful. （ C） The Food and Drug Adminis
20、tration works well with doctors. （ D） Soon there wont be anything tasty left to eat. 22 What is the authors attitude to the topic? （ A） Angry. （ B） Humorous. （ C） Scientific. （ D） Sympathetic: 23 What does the word “felon“(Sentence 4, Paragraph 1) probably mean? （ A） food （ B） additive （ C） criminal
21、 （ D） gourmand 24 Food manufacturers do not want to label packages with sodium content because_. （ A） they disagree with the FDA （ B） salt doesnt stick to potato chips （ C） they would have to spend more money （ D） it isnt important to single out salt 25 Which of the following is the authors suggesti
22、on with regard to the salt controversy? （ A） Americans should learn a lesson form Japanese. （ B） Compare societies that little salt with those use mountains of salt in their daily diets. （ C） We should eat as little salt as possible. （ D） Do scientific investigation and let people themselves make ch
23、oices. 26 In the two decades between 1910 and 1930, over ten percent of the Black population of the United States left the South, where most of the Black population had been located, and migrated to northern states, with the largest number moving, it is claimed, between 1916 and 1918. It has been fr
24、equently assumed, but not proved, that the majority of the migrants in what has come to be called the Great Migration came from rural areas and were motivated by two factors: the collapse of the cotton industry, which began in 1898, and increased demand in the North for labor following the cessation
25、 of European immigration caused by the outbreak of the First World War in 1914. This assumption has led to the conclusion that the migrants subsequent lack of economic mobility in the North is tied to rural background, a background that implies unfamiliarity with urban living and a lack of industria
26、l skills. But the question of who actually left the South has never been thoroughly investigated. Although numerous investigations document an exodus(大批出走 ) from rural southern areas to southern cities prior to the Great Migration, no one has considered whether the same migrants then moved on to nor
27、thern cities. In 1910 over 600,000 Black workers, or ten percent of the Black work force, reported themselves to be engaged in “manufacturing and mechanical pursuits“, the federal census category roughly encompassing the entire industrial sector. The Great Migration could easily have been made up en
28、tirely of this group and their families. It is perhaps surprising to argue that an employed population could be enticed to move, but an explanation lies in the labor conditions then prevalent in the South. About thirty-five percent of the urban Black population in the South was engaged in skilled tr
29、ades. Some were from the old artisan class of slavery blacksmiths, masons, carpenters which had had a monopoly of certain trades, but they were gradually being pushed out by competition, mechanization, and out-date. The remaining sixty-five percent, more recently urbanized, worked in newly developed
30、 industries tobacco, lumber, coal and iron manufacture, and railroads. Wages in the South, however, were low, and Black workers were aware, through labor recruiters and the Black press, that they could earn more even as unskilled workers in the North than they could as artisans in the South. During
31、that period, urban black workers faced competition from the continuing arrival of both Black and White rural workers, who were driven to undercut the wages formerly paid for industrial jobs. Thus a move north would be seen as advantageous to a group that was already urbanized and steadily employed,
32、and the easy conclusion tying their sub-sequent economic problems in the North to their rural background comes into question. 26 Which of the following records has been a source of information in her investigation? （ A） United States Immigration Service reports from 1914 to 1930. （ B） Payrolls of so
33、uthern manufacturing firms between 1910 and 1930. （ C） The Volume of cotton exports between 1898 and 1910. （ D） The federal census of 1910. 27 According to the passage, which of the following is true of wages in southern cities in 1910? （ A） They were being pushed lower as a result of increased comp
34、etition. （ B） They had begun to rise so that southern industry could attract rural workers. （ C） They had increased in large southern cities and decreased in small southern cities. （ D） They had increased in newly developed industries but decreased in the older trades. 28 The author cities each of t
35、he following as possible influences in a Black workers decision to migrate north in the Great Migration EXCEPT_. （ A） wage levels in northern cities （ B） voting rights in northern states （ C） the Black press （ D） competition from the rural workers 29 It can be inferred from the passage that “easy co
36、nclusion“(Paragraph 3) is based on one of the following assumptions: （ A） People who migrate from rural areas to large cities usually do so for economic reasons. （ B） Most people who leave rural areas to take jobs in cities return to rural areas as soon as it is financially possible for them to do s
37、o. （ C） People with rural backgrounds are less likely to succeed economically in cities than are those with urban backgrounds. （ D） Most people who were once skilled workers are not willing to work as un- skilled workers. 30 The primary purpose of the passage is to_. （ A） argue that a discarded theo
38、ry deserves new attention （ B） present evidence that resolves a contradiction （ C） introduce a recently discovered source of information （ D） challenge a widely accepted explanation 31 The mental health movement in the United States began with a period of considerable enlightenment. Dorothea Dix was
39、 shocked to find the mentally ill in jails and almshouses and crusaded for the establishment of asylums in which people could receive humane care in hospital-like environments and treatment which might help restore them to sanity. By the mid-1800s 20 states had established asylums. But during the la
40、te 1800s and early 1900s, in the face of economic depression, legislatures were unable to appropriate sufficient funds for decent care. Asylums became overcrowded and prison-like. Additionally, patients were more resistant to treatment than the pioneers in the mental health field had anticipated, an
41、d security and restraint were needed to protect patients and others. Mental institutions became frightening and depressing places in which the fights of patients were all but forgotten. These conditions continued until after World War II. At that time, new treatments were discovered for some major m
42、ental illnesses considered untreatable (penicillin for syphilis of the brain and insulin treatment for schizophrenia and depressions), and a succession of books, motion pictures, and newspapers called attention to the plight of the mentally ill. Improvements were made, and Dr. David Vails Humane Pra
43、ctices Programme is a beacon for today. But changes were store in coming until the early 1960s. At that time, the Civil Rights Movement led lawyers to investigate Americas prisons, which were disproportionately populated by blacks, and they in turn followed prisoners into the institutions that were
44、worse than the hospitals for the criminally insane. The prisons were filled with angry young men who, encouraged by legal support, were quick to demand their fights. The hospitals for the criminally insane, by contrast, were populated with people who were considered “crazy“ and who were often kept o
45、bediently in their place through the use of severe bodily restraints and large dose of major tranquillizers. The young cadre of public interest lawyers liked their role in the mental hospitals. The lawyers found a population that was both passive and easy to champion. These were, after all, people w
46、ho, unlike criminals, had done nothing wrong. And in many states, they were being kept in horrendous institutions, an injustice, which, once exposed, was hound to shock the public and, particularly, the judicial conscience. Judicial interventions have had some definite positive effects, but there is
47、 growing awareness that courts cannot provide the standards and the review mechanisms that assure good patient care. The details of providing day-to-day care simply cannot be mandated by a court, so it is time to take from the courts the responsibility for delivery of mental heath care and assurance
48、 of patient fights and return it to the state mental health administrators to whom the mandate was originally given. Though it is a difficult task, administrators must undertake to write rules and standards and to provide the training and surveillance to assure that treatment is given and patient ri
49、ghts are respected. 31 The main purpose of the passage is to_. （ A） discuss the influence of Dorothea Dix on the mental health movement （ B） provide a historical perspective on problems of mental health care （ C） increase public awareness of the plight of the mentally ill （ D） shock the reader with vivid descriptions of asylums 32 The authors attitude towards patients in stare institutions cart best be described as_. （ A） inflexible and insensitive （ B） detached
