1、考研英语模拟试卷 221及答案与解析 一、 Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 1 The fact that blind people can “see“ things using other parts of their bodies apart from their eyes may help us to understand our f
2、eelings about color. If they can (1)_ color differences, then perhaps we, too, are affected by (2)_ unconsciously. Manufacturers have discovered by (3)_ that sugar sells badly in green wrappings, (4)_ blue foods are considered unpleasant, and the cosmetics should never be packaged (5)_ brown. These
3、discoveries have grown (6)_ a whole discipline of color psychology that now finds (7)_ in everything from fashion to interior decoration. Some of our (8)_ are clearly psychological. Dark blue is the color of the night sky and (9)_ associated with passivity and calm, while yellow is a day color with
4、(10)_ of energy and incentive. For primitive man, activity during the day (11)_ hunting and attacking, while he soon saw as red, the color of blood and rage and the heat that came (12)_ effort. And green is associated with passive (13)_ and self preservation. Experiments have (14)_ that green, partl
5、y bemuse of its physiological associations, also has a direct psychological (15)_, it is a calming color. (16)_ its exciting connotations, red was chosen as the signal for changer, (17)_ closer analysis shows that a vivid yellow can produce a (18)_ basic state of alertness and (19)_, so fire engines
6、 and ambulances in some advanced communities are now (20)_ around in bright yellow colors that stop the traffic dead. （ A） see （ B） reckon （ C） distinguish （ D） sense （ A） color （ B） which （ C） it （ D） that （ A） experiments （ B） trial and error （ C） facts （ D） studies （ A） that （ B） when （ C） if （ D
7、） but （ A） by （ B） through （ C） in （ D） with （ A） into （ B） up （ C） out of （ D） at （ A） advantage （ B） error （ C） shortage （ D） application （ A） charms （ B） thoughts （ C） preferences （ D） actions （ A） much （ B） therefore （ C） correctly （ D） appropriately （ A） associations （ B） influences （ C） elemen
8、ts （ D） characteristics （ A） made （ B） created （ C） looked like （ D） meant （ A） without （ B） despite （ C） making （ D） with （ A） offense （ B） defense （ C） attack （ D） meaning （ A） cast light （ B） declared （ C） shown （ D） denied （ A） effect （ B） influence （ C） affection （ D） implication （ A） With a vi
9、ew to （ B） Because of （ C） With the intention of （ D） In spite of （ A） meanwhile （ B） furthermore （ C） moreover （ D） but （ A） more （ B） very （ C） quite （ D） much （ A） surprise （ B） fright （ C） alarm （ D） fear （ A） running （ B） rushing （ C） moving （ D） driving Part A Directions: Read the following fo
10、ur texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points) 21 “Equal Justice Under Law“, reads the motto atop the U.S. Supreme Court building. The words are lofty, but for the thousands of people who trudge through the criminal-justice system daily and who speak no English,
11、 the phrase means legally nothing. For many of these defendants, the words are also legally empty. American justice for those who do not comprehend English is “anything but uniform, let alone understandable. There are no nationwide standards for court interpreters, little training and virtually no m
12、onitoring. “Everybody gets a piece of due process“, says David Fellmeth, a senior court interpreter in New York City. “But how big a piece depends on the interpreter“. Horror stories regularly fill court dockets. In a New York federal court, a translated undercover wire quotes a Cuban defendant: “I
13、dont even have the ten kilos“. The defendant means kilos of currency (Cuban cents), but the translated statement suggests kilograms of drugs. In a New Jersey homicide trial, the prosecutor asks whether the testimony of a witness is lengthier than the translation. “Yes“, responds the Polish interpret
14、er, “but everything else was not important“. Congress tried to surmount the language barriers in the federal courts by passing legislation eleven years ago authorizing Government-paid interpreters for those who do not speak English. So far, though, only 308 people have passed the rigorous Spanish-on
15、ly federal certification process a cadre far too small to handle the 43,000 annual requests for interpreters in 60 languages. The situation in the states is breaker. Last year Cook County, IH, processed 40,000 requests, and the New York courts sought out interpreters 250 times a day. As in the feder
16、al system, Spanish is the language most in demand. Only a handful of states test their interpreters for language skills. Thus in many local courts, translation may be a free-lance project for the secretary who speaks a little French or a favor requested from a relative of the defendant. “A family me
17、mber is the worst person you can use“, says Maureen Dunn, an interpreter for the deaf. “They have their own side of the story, and they add and omit things“. Besides, interpretation is a sophisticated art. It demands not only a broad vocabulary and instant recall but also the ability to reproduce to
18、ne and nuance and a good working knowledge of street slang. “Most people believe that if you are bilingual, you can interpret“, says Jack Leeth of the Administrative Office of the U.S. Courts. “Thats about as true as saying that if you have two hands, you can automatically be a concert pianist“. Pro
19、fessional interpreters are among the first to admit the sad state of translation in the courts. They are often relegated to clerical status, with low pay, and asked to work without time to prepare. Says New York interpreter Gabriel Felix: “We could use a central administrator, dictionaries and in so
20、me courts a place to hang our coats, a chair and a desk.“ Some jurisdictions are trying to make improvements. New York and New Jersey are broadening their testing and sending their interpreters to school for further training. The Federal Government is working on new requirements for Navajo and Haiti
21、an-Creole interpreters. And in Los Angeles a federal lawsuit is demanding certified interpreters in immigration proceedings. For now, however, the quality of court interpreting around the country depends on the luck of the draw. 21 What is the passage mainly about? （ A） In the U.S. the phrase “Equal
22、 Justice Under Law“ is nothing but a lie. （ B） In the U.S. court interpreters play a important role in legal suits, （ C） In the U.S. there is great shortage of qualified court interpreters. （ D） In the U.S. theres no justice toward the people who speak no English. 22 What can you conclude from the l
23、ast sentence of the passage? （ A） Court interpreters are very important to those who speak no English involved in legal suits. （ B） Court interpreters decide the length of the sentence of those who speak no English involved in legal suits. （ C） Justice in the court depends on court interpreters. （ D
24、） Whether the case is big or not is court interpreters choice. 23 The two examples in Paragraph 2 are cited to prove_. （ A） court interpreters have no responsibility. （ B） court interpreters are incompetent. （ C） court interpreters are clever and flexible. （ D） court interpreters are imaginative. 24
25、 According to the passage, a court interpreter should have all the following qualities except_. （ A） a broad horizon （ B） being quick-witted （ C） being able to reproduce the tone and nuance （ D） a good working knowledge of slang 25 Which of the following statement is true, according to the passage?
26、（ A） The shortage of court.interpreters enables them to earn high salary. （ B） Court interpreters are reluctant to tell people their plight. （ C） Court interpreters usually receive good training. （ D） There is no uniform standard for court interpreters. 26 After decades of exile from U.S. courts, th
27、e science of lie detection is gaining new acceptance. But the federal government wants to put a stop to it, and the U.S. Supreme Court has now agreed to consider a request from the Department of Justice to bar the technology from military courts. Uncertainties surround the science of lie detection,
28、which uses a device called polygraph. In 1991 President George Bush banned lie detector evidence in military courts. But that ban has since been overturned by the U.S. Court of Military Appeals, which ruled that it restricts defendants rights to present evidence of their innocence. In the past two y
29、ears, some federal courts have also ruled that polygraph evidence can be heard. This follows a decision by the Supreme Court in 1993 that gave federal judges more discretion to decide on the admissibility of evidence. A polygraph consists of monitors for pulse rate, sweating and breathing rate. The
30、device is supposed to uncover lies by recording increases in these measures as the subject answers questions. Critics have always argued that cunning defendants can control their physiological responses and sway polygraph results. But supporters of the technique argue that recent research has found
31、it to be reliable. A psychologist named Charles Honts at a state university in Idaho, points to lab oratory studies, some of them being his own, in which student-subjects were offered cash to sway the test results. This argument is rejected by Leonard Saxe, a psychologist at a Boston university. “Th
32、ere is a huge difference between students in a lab and a defendant“, he says. Guilty defendants have time in which to rehearse their lies, and can even come to believe them to be true. Saxe believes that the entire theoretical basis of lie detection is invalid. “It assumes you will be more nervous l
33、ying than telling the truth“. But he says that for some people lies are trivial, while certain truth can be hard to swallow. David Faigrnan of the University of California says that if the Supreme Court upholds the military appeal courts decision to allow polygraph evidence, polygraph bans would be
34、overturned in federal courts across U.S. “That will put a big burden on judges to understand the science, and lead to a lot more expert testimony in the courts“, he predicts. The justice department fears that this will greatly increase the cost of trials. 26 According to the passage, which organizat
35、ion raised the proposal to stop the practice of lie detection evidence in military court? （ A） Federal Government. （ B） U.S. Supreme Court. （ C） Department of Justice. （ D） Military Courts. 27 Why has President Bushs ban on lie detector evidence in military courts in 1991 been over-turned? （ A） Beca
36、use lie detection is surrounded by uncertainties. （ B） Because it restricts the defendant rights to prove that they are innocent. （ C） Because 12 U.S. states also allow lie detection evidence to be heard in courts. （ D） Because federal judges from the Supreme Court make their decisions on the basis
37、of lie detection. 28 A lie detector finds out that the subject is telling a lie_. （ A） by detecting and analyzing the subjects physical changes （ B） by increasing the subjects pulse rate, sweating and breathing rate （ C） by analyzing the answers on the subject to certain questions （ D） All of the ab
38、ove 29 What do Charles Honts laboratory studies suggest? （ A） Highly-educated college students can beat the polygraph. （ B） College students do not want to heat the polygraph. （ C） Polygraph is reliable. （ D） Polygraph failed to detect the lies of college students. 30 Which of the following statemen
39、ts is true according to the passage? （ A） Lie detection evidence has been barred in U.S. military courts since President Bush banned it in 1991. （ B） Really guilty defendants are cleverer than college students. （ C） Leonard Saxe believes that people are more nervous lying than telling the truth. （ D
40、） David Faigman is against the use of lie detection evidence in U.S. courts. 31 Imagine that you are in hospital, waiting to have an operation. It is time to go to the theatre; the anesthetist approaches you and speaks. But instead of the reassuring words“ Im just going to give you something to send
41、 you off to sleep“, you hear: “Let me take you on a trip towards death“. Terrifying? Maybe, but that is what having a general anesthetic is all about. “If you give a small amount of an anesthetic drug, it wont have any effect. If you give more, it will put the patient off to sleep, but if you give m
42、ore still it can kill the patient“. In a modern hospital, before you are given an anesthetic, an anesthetist asks you a number of questions to decide which drugs to use. Most importantly, they check the state of your heart and lungs and ask if you have asthma, angina or have ever had a heart attack.
43、 They want to know about any drugs you are taking, so that they do not give you an anesthetic that reacts badly with them, and they will also find out if you have any allergies. As well as putting you to sleep, the anesthetist is also responsible for controlling your pain. Then how can the anestheti
44、st tell that they have put their patients far enough under? Mostly by experience. There is no such thing as an awareness monitor, though all the patients body functions, such as heart rate, gases going in and out and oxygen levels in the blood, are monitored. If the anesthetic is not deep enough and
45、 the patient becomes “light, the monitors should tell the anesthetist that something is wrong long before the patient becomes aware. This is why the anesthetist watches the patient carefully throughout the operation. At the end of your operation, the anesthetic is mined off. It might seem surprising
46、 that the anesthetist is often the unsung hero of the operating theater. Many people, including some nursing staff, do not realize that the anesthetist first has to qualify as a doctor. They then take three further examinations to qualify as anesthetists because of the number of things they have to
47、take into account when carrying out their work They do not simply need to know about the drugs they use; they must also know about all the other drugs on the market so that they can avoid dangerous interactions. They have to keep abreast of any new surgical technique, to make sure they give an appro
48、priate anesthetic for any operation. The “journey towards death“ has come a long way. But one fascinating fact remains: whether it is ether or a complex cocktail being used to “put someone to sleep“: no one yet knows exactly how anesthetics work. 31 What does the word “theatre“ (Sentence 2, Paragrap
49、h 1) probably mean? （ A） a cinema in a hospital （ B） a place where plays are on show （ C） an operating mom （ D） a room where an anesthetic is given 32 Let me take you on a trip towards death. (Sentence 3, Paragraph 1) indicates _. （ A） general anesthesia is dangerous （ B） the operation will pain the patient m death （ C） the operation will kill the patient （ D） the anesthetist is speaking in a joking way 33 An anesthetist should be present throughout the operation, in c
