1、考研英语模拟试卷 223及答案与解析 一、 Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 1 Reading and writing have long been thought of as complementary skills: to read is to recognize and interpret language that has been
2、 written; to write is to plan and produce language (1)_ it can be read. It is therefore widely (2)_ that being able to read implies being able to writer, at least, being able to spell. Often, children are taught to read but (3)_ no formal tuition in spelling; it is felt that spelling will be “(4)_ u
3、p“. The attitude has its (5)_ in the methods of 200 years ago, when teachers carefully taught spelling, and assumed that reading would (6)_ automatically. Recent research into spelling errors and “slips of the pen“ has begun to show that matters are (7)_ so simple. There is no necessary link between
4、 reading and writing: good readers do not always (8)_ good writers. Nor is there any necessary link between reading and spelling: there are many people who have no (9)_ in reading, but who have a major persistent (10)_ in spelling some researchers have estimated that this may be as (11)_ as 2% of th
5、e population. With children, too, there is (12)_ that knowledge of reading does not automatically (16)_ to spelling. If there (14)_ a close relationship, children should be able to read and spell the (15)_ words: but this is not so. It is (16)_ to find children who can read (17)_ better than they ca
6、n spell. More surprisingly, the (18)_ happens with some children in the early stages of reading. One study (19)_ children the same list of words to read and spell: several (20)_ spelled more words correctly than they were able to read correctly. （ A） in order （ B） for （ C） that （ D） so that （ A） ass
7、umed （ B） guessed （ C） recognized （ D） implemented （ A） with （ B） had （ C） given （ D） obtained （ A） picked （ B） gathered （ C） found （ D） put （ A） encounter （ B） counterpart （ C） cause （ D） standard （ A） realize （ B） reach （ C） acquire （ D） follow （ A） not （ B） really （ C） exactly （ D） precisely （ A）
8、 achieve （ B） answer for （ C） match （ D） make （ A） fun （ B） difficulty （ C） interest （ D） talent （ A） mistake （ B） handicap （ C） incompetence （ D） fracture （ A） much （ B） many （ C） great （ D） far （ A） assumption （ B） reason （ C） evidence （ D） refer （ A） transform （ B） translate （ C） refer （ D） trans
9、fer （ A） were （ B） exists （ C） is （ D） came （ A） same （ B） other （ C） several （ D） correct （ A） often （ B） frequent （ C） popular （ D） commonplace （ A） very （ B） far （ C） no （ D） any （ A） adverse （ B） counterpoint （ C） reverse （ D） insufficiency （ A） required （ B） told （ C） gave （ D） demanded （ A） ac
10、tually （ B） likely （ C） sideways （ D） slyly Part A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points) 21 In an interview last month, Frank Church, chairman of the Senate committee that is investigating the CIA, issued an oblique but
11、impassioned warning, that the technology of eavesdropping had become so highly developed that Americans might soon be left with “no place to hide“. That day may have arrived. Newsweek has learned that the countrys most secret intelligence operation, the National Security Agency, already possesses th
12、e computerized equipment to monitor nearly all overseas telephone calls and most domestic and international printed messages. The agencys devices monitor thousands of telephone circuits, cable lines and the microwave transmissions that carry an increasing share of both spoken and written communicati
13、ons. Computers are programmed to watch for “trigger“ words or phrases indicating that a message might interest intelligence analysis, when the trigger is pulled, entire messages are tape-recorded or printed out. That kind of eavesdropping is, however, relatively simple compared with the breakthrough
14、s that lie ahead in the field of snoopery. Already it is technically feasible to “bug“ an electric typewriter by picking up its feeble electronic emissions from a remote location and then translating them into words. And some scientists believe that it may be possible in the future for remote electr
15、onic equipment to intercept and “read“ human brain waves. Where such capabilities exist, so too does the potential for abuse. It is the old story of technology rushing forward with some new wonder, before the man who supposedly control the machines have figure out how to prevent the machines from co
16、ntrolling them. 21 Which is the best title for the passage? （ A） Fight Against Eavesdropping （ B） A New Breakthrouth （ C） No Place to Hide （ D） An Impassioned Warning 22 Which of the following is most likely to be bugged? （ A） International telephone calls. （ B） International printed messages. （ C）
17、Domestic printed messages. （ D） Electric typewriters. 23 The warning given by Frank Church is _. （ A） indirect but enthusiastic （ B） direct but passionate （ C） ambiguous but calm （ D） definite but indifferent 24 What is the authors attitude towards eavesdropping? （ A） Admiration. （ B） Worry. （ C） Fu
18、ry. （ D） Unconcern. 25 It can be inferred that _. （ A） man will eventually be controlled by machines （ B） machines will eventually be controlled by man （ C） man is sometimes deceived by machines （ D） machines often rush into human brains 26 The producers of instant coffee found their product strongl
19、y resisted in the market places despite their products manifest advantages. Furthermore, the advertising expenditure for instant coffee was far greater than that for regular coffee. Efforts were made to find the cause of the consumers seemingly unreasonable resistance to the product. The reason give
20、n by most people was dislike for the taste. The producers suspected that there might be deeper reasons, however. This was confirmed by one of motivation researchs classic studies, one often cited in the trade. Mason Haire, of the University of California, constructed two shopping lists that were ide
21、ntical except for one item. There were six items common to both lists: hamburger, carrots, bread, baking powder, canned peaches, and potatoes, with the brands or amounts specified. The seventh item, in fifth place on both lists, read “1 lb. Maxwell House Coffee“ on one list and “Nestle Instant Coffe
22、e“ on the other. One list was given to each one in a group of fifty women, and the other list to those in another group of the same size. The women were asked to study their lists and then to describe, as far as they could, the kind of women (“personality and character“) who would draw up that shopp
23、ing list. Nearly half of those who had received the list including instant coffee described a housewife who was lazy and a poor planner. On the other hand, only one woman in the other group described the housewife, who had included regular coffee on her list, as lazy; only six of that group suggeste
24、d that she was a poor planner. Eight women felt that the instant-coffee user was probably not a good wife! No one in the other group drew such a conclusion about the housewife who intended to buy regular coffee. 26 According to the passage, most people said they didnt like instant coffee because _.
25、（ A） it had many disadvantages （ B） they didnt want to be lazy housewives and poor planners （ C） they didnt like its taste （ D） it was spoiled by too much advertising 27 Which of the following was confirmed by the motivation studies? （ A） Instant coffee was strongly resisted in the market places. （
26、B） The advertising expenditure for instant coffee was far greater than that for regular coffee. （ C） There might be deeper reasons in the resistance to instant coffee. （ D） It was a lazy housewife who used instant coffee. 28 How many items were included in each shopping fist? （ A） 6 （ B） 7 （ C） 12 （
27、 D） 14 29 Which of the follwing statements is true about the result of the test? （ A） Nearly half of the women tested described the instant coffee user a lazy housewife and a poor planner. （ B） About fifty percent of the women were lazy. （ C） 25% the women tested believed that wives who used instant
28、 coffee were lazy. （ D） Wives who used regular coffee were good planners. 30 According to the passage, many women preferred regular coffee to instant coffee because _. （ A） regular coffee tasted better than instant coffee （ B） they intented to do something the hard way （ C） they felt unconciously as
29、hamed of prepairing instant coffee （ D） they dont like to change their way of doing things 31 George Bernard Shaw(1856 1950) was born in Dublin, Ireland. At the age of 14, after graduating from middle school, Shaw was put into a job as clerk in a land agents office. At 20 he went to London where he
30、remained jobless for 9 years, devoting much time to self-education. Meantime, Shaw took an active part in the socialist movement. A contemporary of Shaws thus wrote of him: “I used to be a daily frequenter of the British Museum Reading Room. Even more assiduous in his attendance was a young man. My
31、curiosity was piqued by the odd conjunction of his subjects of research. Day after day for weeks he had before him two books Karl Marxs Das Kapital (in French), and an orchestral score(管弦乐乐谱 ) of Tristan and Isolde“. Though Shaw admitted Marxs great influence on him, he failed to grasp the necessity
32、 of a revolutionary reconstruction of the world. A strong influence was exercised on Shaw by the Fabian society, the English reformist organization. In the early period of his literary career, Shaw wrote some novels, “An Unsocial Socialist“ and others, in which he developed the traditions of critica
33、l realism, bitterly criticizing the stupidity, snobbishness and petty tyranny of the middle class. In the nineties Shaw turned to the theatre, first working as a dramatic critic, then writing plays for the stage. His role in the development of dramaturgy is very great. Shaw was an enemy of “art for
34、arts sake“. He wrote, “for arts sake I will not face the toil of writing a sentence“. He used the stage to criticize the evils of capitalism. He wrote 51 plays in total, the important ones including “Widowers Houses“, “Saint Joan“ and “The Apple Cart“. In his plays Shaw laid bare the gross injustice
35、 and utter inhumanity of the bourgeois society. This he achieved not so much by the structures of plots in his plays as by the brilliant dialogues between the characters. His exposure of capitalist society is very significant and it places Shaw among the most important representatives of critical re
36、alism in modern English literature. 31 The inference we can draw from what a contemporary of Shaws is that _. （ A） he was more diligent than Shaw （ B） he was a friend of Shaws （ C） Shaw once made a careful study of Marxs works （ D） Shaw once composed an orchestral score 32 Which of the following sta
37、tements is closest in meaning to the second paragraph? （ A） Shaw was not influenced by Marx, any more than he was influenced by the Fabian society. （ B） The influence of the Fabian society on Shaw exceeded Marxs influence on him. （ C） Shaw admitted that he was influenced by both Marx and the Fabian
38、society to some extent. （ D） Marxs great influence on Shaw surpassed that of Fabian society on him. 33 Which of the following statements is NOT correct? （ A） An Unsocial Socialist is typical of Shaws novels. （ B） Shaw left 51 plays for his readers. （ C） Shaw first worked as a dramatic critic for his
39、 literary career. （ D） Shaw took a strong stand against the trend of “art for arts sake“. 34 In his plays, Shaw achieved the exposure of capitalist society _. （ A） by either the structures of plots or the brilliant dialogues between the characters （ B） by the brilliant dialogues between the characte
40、rs better than by the structures of plots （ C） by both the brilliant plots and dialogues equally （ D） by the brilliant dialogues between the characters instead of by the structures of plots 35 Which of the following statements is true? （ A） In his teens, Shaw took an active part in the socialist mov
41、ement. （ B） In his twenties, Shaw was out of work for 9 years. （ C） In his works, Shaw spoke for the socialism movement by criticizing the evils of capitalism. （ D） In his nineties, Shaw turned to the theatre. 36 In recent years, there has been an increasing awareness of the inadequacies of the judi
42、cial system in the United States. Costs are staggering both for the taxpayers and the litigants and the litigants, or parties, have to wait sometimes many years before having their day in court. Many suggestions have been made concerning methods of ameliorating the situation, but as in most branches
43、 of government, changes come slowly. One suggestion that has been made in order to maximize the efficiency of the system is to allow districts that have an overabundance of pending cases to borrow judges from other districts that do not have such a backlog. Another suggestion is to use pretrial conf
44、erences, in which the judge meets in his chambers with the litigants and their attorneys in order to narrow the issues, limit the witnesses, and provide for a more orderly trial. The theory behind pretrial conferences is that judges will spend leas time on each case and parties will more readily set
45、tle before trial when they realize the adequacy of their claims and their opponents evidence. Unfortunately, at least one study has shown that pretrial conferences actually use more judicial time than they save, rarely result in pretrial settlements, and actually result in higher damage settlements.
46、 Many states have now established another method, small-claims courts, in which cases over small sums of money can be disposed of with considerable dispatch. Such proceedings cost the litigants almost nothing. In California, for example, the parties must appear before the judge without the assistanc
47、e of counsel. The proceedings are quite informal and there is no pleading the litigants need to make only a one-sentence statement of their claim. By going to this type of court, the plaintiff waives any right to a jury trial and the right to appeal the decision. In coming years, we can expect to se
48、e more and more innovations in the continuing effort to remedy a situation which must be remedied if the citizens who have valid claims are going to be able to have their day in court. 36 The pretrial conference, in theory, is supposed to do all of the following EXCEPT _. （ A） narrow the issues （ B）
49、 cause early settlements （ C） save judicial time （ D） increase settlement costs 37 What is the main topic of the passage? （ A） All states should follow Californias example in using small-claims courts in order to free judges for other work. （ B） The legislature needs to formulate fewer laws so that the judiciary can catch up on its older cases. （ C） Nobody seems to care enough to attempt to find methods for making the judicial system m
