1、考研英语模拟试卷 225及答案与解析 一、 Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 1 Music comes in many forms; most countries have a style of their own. (1)_ the turn of the century when jazz was born, America had n
2、o prominent (2)_ of its own. No one knows exactly when jazz was (3)_,or by whom. But it began to be (4)_ in the early 1900s. Jazz is Americas contribution to (5)_ music. In contrast to classical music, which (6)_ formal European traditions, jazz is spontaneous and free-form. It bubbles with energy,
3、(7)_ the moods, interests, and emotions of the people. In the 1920, jazz (8)_ like America. And (9)_ it does today. The (10)_ of this music are as interesting as the music (11)_. American Negroes, or blacks, as they are called today, were the jazz (12)_. They were brought to the Southern states (13)
4、_ slaves. They were sold to plantation owners and forced to work long (14)_. When a Negro died his friends and relatives (15)_ a procession to carry the body to the cemetery. In New Orleans, a band often accompanies the (16)_. On the way to the cemetery the band played slow, solemn music suited to t
5、he occasion. (17)_ on the way home the mood changed. Spirits lifted. Death had removed one of their (18)_, but the living were glad to be alive. The band played (19)_ music, improvising on both the harmony and the melody of the tunes (20)_ at the funeral. This music made everyone want to dance. It w
6、as an early form of jazz. （ A） At （ B） In （ C） By （ D） On （ A） music （ B） song （ C） melody （ D） style （ A） discovered （ B） acted （ C） designed （ D） invented （ A） noticed （ B） found （ C） listened （ D） heard （ A） classical （ B） sacred （ C） light （ D） popular （ A） forms （ B） follows （ C） approached （ D
7、） introduces （ A） expressing （ B） explaining （ C） exposing （ D） illustrating （ A） appeared （ B） felt （ C） sounded （ D） seemed （ A） so （ B） as （ C） either （ D） neither （ A） originals （ B） origins （ C） discoveries （ D） resources （ A） concerned （ B） itself （ C） available （ D） oneself （ A） players （ B）
8、followers （ C） pioneers （ D） fans （ A） for （ B） by （ C） with （ D） as （ A） months （ B） weeks （ C） hours （ D） times （ A） demonstrated （ B） composed （ C） formed （ D） hosted （ A） demonstration （ B） procession （ C） body （ D） march （ A） Even （ B） Therefore （ C） But （ D） Furthermore （ A） number （ B） member
9、s （ C） body （ D） relations （ A） sad （ B） solemn （ C） funeral （ D） happy （ A） whistled （ B） sung （ C） showed （ D） presented Part A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points) 21 Advertising sells its products by offering seduct
10、ive promises of youth, beauty, health, money, ease, romance, better lifestyle, even time. Theres no logical connection between a car and a cougar, but the image is powerful and presented with sophistication. We buy it and we may well buy the product. When it comes to advertising, let the buyer bewar
11、e. There are several less-than-candid techniques which advertisers use to get our attention. A product may be filmed or photographed in such a way to make it appear bigger, better, or more luscious. A product may be presented as being “unique“, “one-of-a-kind“, or “supreme“, when in fact its identic
12、al to other products on the market. A product may claim to be “new“ or “improved“ when only an insignificant change has been made. Finally, an advertiser may offer distorted truths or even tell outright lies. It takes a while for the government or the competition to catch up with false claims in adv
13、ertising. Meanwhile, the public has been led to believe that a mouth wash can cure the common cold, or that bee pollen retards aging in human skin. The consumers best defense is awareness. He can listen to, but not learn, the emotional message broadcast by the ad. He can distinguish between what the
14、 ad pretends to offer and what it is really selling. A face cream, for example, can only do so much. It can reduce dryness and provide temporary smoothness and moisture to the skin. But it is made in a factory, not in a magicians study. It cannot turn back the clock. 21 According to the author, many
15、 of the promises made by the advertiser are _. （ A） true （ B） reliable （ C） not true （ D） emotive 22 The authors attitude towards advertising is _. （ A） overstated （ B） favourable （ C） unfavourable （ D） emotional 23 According to the author, consumers best policy towards advertising is _. （ A） to dou
16、bt its truth （ B） to disbelieve it （ C） to distinguish between what is true and what is not true （ D） to know what products the advertiser is going to sell 24 According to the passage, many of the “new“, “improved“ products are _. （ A） quite different from the old products （ B） almost the same with
17、the former products （ C） insignificant products （ D） not important goods 25 According to the passage, which technique is NOT used by advertisers to get our attention? （ A） A product may be filmed or photographed to make it appear better. （ B） A product may be presented as “unique“, “supreme“. （ C） A
18、 product may claim to he “new“ or “improved“. （ D） A product may be sold at a discount. 26 Is it possible to persuade mankind to live without war? War is an ancient institution which has existed for at least six thousand years. It was always wicked and usually foolish, but in the past the human race
19、 managed to live with it. Modern ingenuity has changed this. Either Man will abolish war, or war will abolish Man. For the present, it is nuclear weapons that cause the gravest danger, but bacteriological or chemical weapons may, before long, offer an even greater threat. If we succeed in abolishing
20、 nuclear weapons, our work will not be done. It will never be done until we have succeeded in abolishing war. To do this, we need to persuade mankind to look upon international questions in a new way, not as contests of force, in which the victory goes to the side which is most skilful in massacre,
21、but by arbitration in accordance with agreed principles of law. It is not easy to change age-old mental habits, but this is what must be attempted. There are those who say that the adoption of this or that ideology would prevent war. I believe this to be a profound error. All ideologies are based up
22、on dogmatic assertions(主张 )which are, at best, doubtful, and at worst, totally false. Their adherents believe in them so fanatically that they are willing to go to war in support of them. The movement of world opinion during the past two years has been very largely such as we can welcome. It has bec
23、ome a commonplace that nuclear war must be avoided. Of course very difficult problems remain in the international sphere, but the spirit in which they are being approached is a better one than it was some years ago. It has begun to be thought, even by the powerful men who decide whether we shall liv
24、e or die, that negotiations should reach agreements even if both sides do not find these agreements wholly satisfactory. It has begun to be understood that the important conflict nowadays is not between East and West, but between Man and the H-bomb. 26 This passage implies that war is now _. （ A） mo
25、re wicked than in the past （ B） as wicked as in the past （ C） less wicked than in the past （ D） what people try to live with 27 According to the author _. （ A） it is impossible to live without war （ B） war is the only way to settle international disagreements （ C） war must be abolished if man wants
26、to survive （ D） war will be abolished by modern ingenuity 28 The author says that modern weapons _. （ A） will help abolish war （ B） put mankind in grave danger （ C） wii1 gradually become part of mans life （ D） need further improving 29 The author believes that the only way to abolish war is to _. （
27、A） abolish nuclear weapons （ B） let the stronger side take over the world （ C） improve bacteriological and chemical weapons （ D） settle international issues through negotiation 30 The last paragraph suggests that _. （ A） nuclear war will definitely not take place （ B） international agreements are no
28、w reached more and more easily （ C） man is beginning to realize that nuclear war is his greatest enemy （ D） world opinion is in favour of nuclear war 31 A wise man once said that the only thing necessary for the triumph of evil is for good men to do nothing. So, as a police officer, I have some urge
29、nt things to say to good people. Days after days my men and I struggle to hold back a tidal wave of crime. Something has gone terribly wrong with our once-proud American way of life. It has happened in the area of values. A key ingredient is disappearing, and I think I know what it is: accountabilit
30、y. Accountability isnt hard to define. It means that every person is responsible for his or her actions and liable for their consequences. Of the many values that hold civilization together honesty, kindness, and so onaccountability may be the most important of all. Without it, there can be no respe
31、ct, no trust, no law and, ultimately, no society. My job as a police officer is to impose accountability to people who refuse, or have never learned, to impose it on themselves. But as every policeman knows, external controls on peoples behavior are far less effective than internal restraints such a
32、s guilt, shame and embarrassment. Fortunately there are still communities smaller towns, usually where schools maintain discipline and where parents hold up standards that proclaim: “In this family certain things are not tolerated they simply are not done!“ Yet more and more, especially in our large
33、r cities and suburbs, these inner restraints are loosening. Your typical robber has none. He considers your property his property; he takes what he wants, including your life if you enrage him. The main cause of this break-down is a radical shift in attitudes. Thirty years ago, if a crime was commit
34、ted, society was considered the victim. Now, in a shocking reversal, its the criminal who is considered victimized: by his underprivileged upbringing, by the school that didnt teach him to read, by the church that failed to reach him with moral guidance, by the parents who didnt provide a stable hom
35、e. I dont believe it. Many others in equally disadvantaged circumstances choose not to engage in criminal activities. If we free the criminal, even partly, from accountability, we become a society of endless excuses where no one accepts responsibility for anything. We in America desperately need mor
36、e people who believe that the person who commits a crime is the one responsible for it. 31 What the wise man said suggests that _. （ A） its unnecessary for good people to do anything in face of evil （ B） its certain that evil will prevail if good men do nothing about it （ C） its only natural for vir
37、tue to defest evil （ D） its desirable for good men to keep away from evil 32 According to the author, if a person is found guilty of a crime, _. （ A） society is to be held responsible （ B） modern civilization is responsible for it （ C） the criminal himself should bear the blame （ D） the standards of
38、 living should be improved 33 Compared with those in small towns, people in large cities have _. （ A） less self-discipline （ B） better sense of discipline （ C） more mutual respet （ D） Less effective government 34 The writer is sorry to have noticed that _. （ A） people in large cities tend to excuse
39、criminals （ B） people in small towns still stick to old discipline and standards （ C） todays society lacks sympathy for people in difficulty （ D） people in disadvantaged circumstances are engaged in criminal activities 35 The key point of the passage is that _. （ A） stricter discipline should be mai
40、ntained in schools and families （ B） more good examples should be set for people to follow （ C） more restrictions should be imposed on peoples behaviour （ D） more people should accept the value of accountability 36 Stinking buses, their passengers pale and tired, jam the crowded streets. Drivers sho
41、ut at one another and honk their horns. Smog smarts the eyes and chokes the senses. The scene is Athens at rush hour. The city of Plato and Pericles is in a sorry state of affairs, built without a plan, lacking even adequate sewerage facilities, hemmed in by mountains and the sea, its 135 square mil
42、es crammed with 3.7 million people. Even Athens ruins are in ruin: sulfur dioxide eats away at the marble of the Parthenon and other treasures on the Acropolis. As Greek Premier Constantine Karamanlis has said, “The only solution for Athens would be to demolish half of it and start all over again“.
43、So great has been the population flow toward the city that entire hinterland villages stand vacant or nearly so. About 120,000 people from outlying provinces move to Athens every year, with the result that 40% of Greeces citizenry are now packed into the capital. The migrants come for the few availa
44、ble jobs, which are usually no better than the ones they fled. At the current rate of migration, Athens by the year 2000 will have a population of 6.5 million, more than half the nation. Aside from overcrowding and poor public transport, the biggest problems confronting Athenians are noise and pollu
45、tion. A government study concluded that Athens was the noisiest city in the world. Smog is almost at killing levels: 180,300mg of sulfur dioxide per cubic meter of air, or up to four times the level that the World Health Organization considers safe. Nearly half the pollution comes from cars. Despite
46、 high prices for vehicles and fuel ($2.95 per gallon), nearly 100,000 automobiles are sold in Greece each year; 3,000 drivers licenses are issued in Athens monthly. After decades of neglect, Athens is at last getting some attention. In March a committee of representatives from all major public servi
47、ce ministries met to discuss a plan to unclog the city, make it livable and clean up its environment. A save-Athens ministry, which will soon begin functioning, will propose heavy taxes to discourage in-migration, a minimum of $5 billion in public spending for Athens alone, and other projects for th
48、e countryside to encourage residents to stay out. A master plan that will move many government offices to the citys fringes is already in the works. Meanwhile, more Greeks keep moving into Athens. With few parks and precious few oxygen-producing plants, the city and its citizens are literally suffoc
49、ating. 36 According to the passage, one of the biggest problems confronting Athenians is noise, which is mainly caused by _. （ A） buildings being demolished （ B） highways being repaired （ C） music being played （ D） car horns being used 37 Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage about the causes of overcrowding in Athens? （ A） Athens geographical location. （ B） The lack of town planning
