1、考研英语模拟试卷 231及答案与解析 一、 Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 1 Stop worrying about recession. That is the message from Americas R-word index. For each quarter, we (1)_ how many stones in the New
2、 York Times and the Washington Post include the word “recession“. (2)_ bells were set (3)_ by the sharp jump in the “R-count“ in the first quarter of this year. at a rate that in the past has (4)_ the start of a recession. In the second quarter. (5)_. the number of articles (6)_ by more than one-thi
3、rd. A conspiracy theorist might suggest that newspaper editors, (7)_ about dwindling advertising revenues, have (8)_ the R-word. The Economist has found that (9)_ the past two decades, the R-word index has been good at (10)_ mining-points in the American economy. (11)_ GDP figures which appear (12)_
4、 after a lag, the numbers are instantly available. But how does the index perform in Germany, (13)_ there have also been (14)_ fears of recession? Using our idea, Hypo Vereins bank has (15)_ an R-word index for Germany, counting the number of times the word recession (16)_ in Handelsblatt. Worryingl
5、y, Germanys R-count for the first quarter of 2001 showed the second-steepest (17)_ in the past two decades. But in the second quarter, the index dropped by one-third, (18)_ in America (19)_ the world economy has nothing to worry about, or journalists are more worded about a (20)_ than a mere recessi
6、on. A R-word index? （ A） count （ B） calculate （ C） account （ D） reckon （ A） Warning （ B） Alarm （ C） Siren （ D） danger （ A） up （ B） out （ C） off （ D） about （ A） hint at （ B） gestured （ C） sign （ D） signaled （ A） but （ B） yet （ C） however （ D） although （ A） reduced （ B） fell （ C） drop （ D） descended （
7、 A） tormented （ B） harassed （ C） tortured （ D） worried （ A） prohibited （ B） proscribed （ C） banned （ D） interdicted （ A） over （ B） in （ C） through （ D） by （ A） pointing （ B） setting （ C） placing （ D） spotting （ A） Unlike （ B） Like （ C） As （ D） Not as （ A） generally （ B） usually （ C） always （ D） only
8、 （ A） which （ B） where （ C） who （ D） what （ A） grown （ B） grow （ C） grew （ D） growing （ A） coined （ B） built （ C） constructed （ D） created （ A） appearing （ B） appeared （ C） appearance （ D） appears （ A） growth （ B） rise （ C） rising （ D） increase （ A） as （ B） like （ C） as if （ D） as that （ A） Either （
9、 B） Whichever （ C） Neither （ D） Whatever （ A） depression （ B） decline （ C） despair （ D） dejection Part A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points) 21 However important we may regard school life to be, there is no denying the
10、 fact that children spend more time at home than in the classroom. Therefore, the great influence of parents cannot be ignored or discounted by the teacher. They can become strong allies of the school personnel or they can consciously or unconsciously hinder and frustrate curricular objectives. Admi
11、nistrators have been aware of the need to keep parents informed of the newer methods used in schools. Many principals have conducted workshops explaining such matters as the reading readiness program, manuscript writing and developmental mathematics. Moreover, the classroom teacher, with the permiss
12、ion of the supervisors, can also play an important role in enlightening parents. The informal tea and the many interviews carried on during the year, as well as new ways of reporting pupils progress, can significantly aid in achieving a harmonious interplay between school and home. To illustrate, su
13、ppose that a father has been drilling Junior in arithmetic processes night after night. In a friendly interview, the teacher can help the parent sublimate his natural paternal interest into productive channels. He might be persuaded to let Junior participate in discussing the family budget, buying t
14、he food, using a yardstick or measuring cup at home, setting the clock, calculating mileage on a trip and engaging in scores of other activities that have a mathematical basis. If the father follows the advice, it is reasonable to assume that he will soon realize his son is making satisfactory progr
15、ess in mathematics, and at the same time, enjoying the work. Too often, however, teachers conferences with parents are devoted to petty accounts of childrens misdemeanors, complaints about laziness and poor work habits, and suggestion for penalties and rewards at home. What is needed is a more creat
16、ive approach in which the teacher, as a professional adviser, plants ideas in parents minds for the best utilization of the many hours that the child spends out of the classroom. In this way, the school and the home join forces in fostering the fullest development of youngsters capacities. 21 The ce
17、ntral idea conveyed in the above text is that （ A） home training is more important than school training because a child spends so many hours with his parents. （ B） teachers can and should help parents to understand and further the objectives of the school. （ C） there are many ways in which the mathe
18、matics program can be implemented at home. （ D） parents have a responsibility to help students in doing homework. 22 The author directly discusses the fact that （ A） parents drill their children too much in arithmetic, （ B） principals have explained the new art programs to parents. （ C） a parents mi
19、sguided efforts can be properly directed. （ D） a father can have his son help him construct articles at home. 23 It can reasonably be inferred that the author （ A） is satisfied with present relationships between home and school. （ B） feels that the traditional program in mathematics is slightly supe
20、rior.to the.developmental program. （ C） believes that schools are woefully lacking in guidance personnel. （ D） feels that parent-teacher interviews can be made much more constructive than they are at present. 24 We may infer that the writer of the article does not favor （ A） suggestions by the teach
21、er to a parent in regard to improving the students scholastic average. （ B） written communications to the parent from the teacher. （ C） having the parent observe lessons which the children are being taught. （ D） principal-parent conferences rather than teacher-parent conferences. 25 The author does
22、not directly state, but implies that （ A） participation in interesting activities relating to a subject improves ones achievement in that area. （ B） too many children are lazy and have poor work habits. （ C） school principals do more than their share in interpreting the curriculum to the parents. （
23、D） teachers should occasionally make home visits to parents. 26 In 1575 over 400 years ago the French scholar Louis Le Roy published a learned book in which he voiced despair over the changes caused by the social and technological innovations of his time, what we now call the Renaissance. We, also,
24、feel that our times are out of joint; we even have reason to believe that our descendants will be worse off than we are. The earth will soon be overcrowded and its resources exhausted. Pollution will ruin the environment, upset the climate and endanger human health. The gap in living standards betwe
25、en the rich and the poor will widen and lead the angry, hungry people of the world to acts of desperation including the use of nuclear weapons as blackmail. Such are the inevitable consequences of population and technological growth if present trends continue. The future is never a projection of the
26、 past. Animals probably have no chance to escape from the tyranny of biological evolution, but human beings are blessed with the freedom of social evolution. For us, trend is not destiny(fate). The escape from existing trends is now facilitated by the fact that societies anticipate future dangers an
27、d take preventive steps against expected changes, Despite the widespread belief that the world has become too complex foe comprehension by the human brain, modern societies have often responded effectively to critical situations. The decrease in birth rates, the partial prohibition of pesticides and
28、 the rethinking of technologies for the production and use of energy are but a few examples illustrating a sudden reversal of trends caused not by political upsets or scientific breakthroughs, but by public awareness of consequences. Even more striking are the situations in which social attitudes co
29、ncerning future difficulties undergo rapid changes before the problems have come to pass witness the heated arguments about the problems of behavior control and of genetic engineering even though there is as yet no proof that effective methods can be developed to manipulate behavior and genes on a p
30、opulation scale. One of the characteristics of our times is thus the rapidity with which steps can be taken to change the orientation of certain trends and even to reverse them. Such changes usually emerge from grass root movements rather than from official directives. Notes: Renaissance (14世纪 16世纪欧
31、洲 )文艺复兴 (时期 )。 tyranny暴虐统治；暴虐行为。 are blessed with幸有；有幸得到。 but a few 只是几个。 come to pass发生实现。 As yet至今。 grass root群众 26 According to the first two paragraphs, if present trends continue, which one of the following situations will not occur? （ A） An overpopulated earth will be unable to sustain its inh
32、abitants. （ B） The rich will become richer and the poor will become poorer. （ C） New sources of energy will be substituted for oil and natural gas. （ D） The effects of pollution will pose a dreadful threat to mankind. 27 The best illustration of the meaning of “trend is not destiny“ in Para. 3 is th
33、at_. （ A） human beings are blessed with the freedom of social evolution. （ B） the world has become too complex for human beings to modify. （ C） preventive steps against catastrophes are difficult to be adopted. （ D） the earth will soon be overcrowded and its resources exhausted. 28 According to the
34、text, evidences of the insight of the public into the dangers which surround us can be found in all of the following EXCEPT （ A） a decline in birth rates. （ B） opposition to the use of pesticides. （ C） pressing for better power production and energy use. （ D） a rapid increase in the funding of envir
35、onment research. 29 The author is in favor of the opinion that （ A） the reversal of trend caused by scientific advances is out of the question. （ B） nuclear weapons wont play a prominent role in dealings among peoples. （ C） the public is aware of the future dangers and ready to take immediate action
36、. （ D） the trend of rapid development of science and technology seems irresistible. 30 The logical organization of the text is that （ A） an assertion is made, followed by a few examples to illustrate it. （ B） future dangers are stated and relative measures are to be adopted. （ C） a historical trend
37、is stated and evidence is then provided to prove it. （ D） examples of risks are given and reasons are then advanced to clarify them. 31 Within 80 years, some scientists estimate, the world must produce more than eight times the present world food supply. The productiveness of the sea raises our hope
38、s for an adequate food supply in the future. Aided by men of science, we have set forth to find out that 70 percent of the earth remains unexplored the ocean depths. Thus, we may better discover and utilize the seas natural products for the worlds hungry. It is fish protein concentrate that is sough
39、t from the seas. By utilizing the unharvested fish in United States waters alone, enough fish protein concentrate can be obtained to provide supplemental animal protein for more than one billion people for one year at the cost of less than half a cent per day per person. The malnutrition of children
40、 is terribly tragic, But the crime lies in societys unrestrained breeding, not in its negligence in producing fish powder. But wherever the population projects are carefully considered, the answer to the problem is something like this: There are few projects that could do more to raise the nutrition
41、al level of mankind than a full-scale scientific effort to develop the resources of the sea. Each year some thirty million tons of food products are taken from the sea, which account for 12 percent of the worlds animal proteins. Nations with their swelling populations must push forward into the sea
42、frontiers for food supplies. Private industry must step up its marine research and the federal government must make new attacks on the problems of marine research development. There is a tone of desperateness in all these designs on the sea. But what is most startling is the assumption that the seas
43、 are an untouched resource. The fact is that the seas have been, and are being, hurt directly and indirectly, by the same forces that have abused the land. In the broad pattern of ecological relationships the seas are not separable from what happens on the land. The poisons that pollute the soil and
44、 the air bring in massive doses into the “continental shelf“ waters. The dirt and pollution that spills from our urban sewers and industrial out falls despoil our bays and coastal waters. All the border seas are already heavily polluted by the same exploitation drives that have undermined the qualit
45、y of life on land. Notes: sewers 下水道 31 According to the text, which of the following statements is true? （ A） Though the situation is not urgent, we should press forward with our marine research, （ B） Nations throughout the world must be provided with fish, fresh or frozen, for needed protein. （ C）
46、 There are enough fish in the U.S. seas to allow for the annual protein needs of a quarter of the worlds 5 billion people. （ D） The oceans are the major source of the worlds protein supply. 32 The authors primary concern is that （ A） the oceans will help to provide enough food for the world in the f
47、uture. （ B） thirty million tons of food products are taken from the sea every year. （ C） city sewers are pouring forth polluted matter into bays and coastal waters. （ D） a steady increase in population will result in more hungry mouths to feed. 33 The author of the text is most prohably of the opini
48、on that （ A） the sea is an inexhaustible resource of food supply. （ B） the shortage of food supply mainly results from unrestricted population growth. （ C） the inadequate food supply is chiefly caused by the negligence in exploration of the sea. （ D） it is the population projects, rather than the de
49、velopment of sea resources, that can improve the nutritional conditions of mankind. 34 From the last paragraph we learn that （ A） the seas we will depend on for future food have been more or less contaminated. （ B） the marine resources are directly bound up with our future life. （ C） the exploitation drives are essential for us to improve the quality of llfe on the earth. （ D） the ecological balance in the seas has nothing to do with that on the land. 35 The most appropriate titl
