1、考研英语模拟试卷 238及答案与解析 一、 Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 1 As one works with color in a practical or experimental way, one is impressed by two apparently unrelated facts. Color as seen is a
2、mobile, changeable thing (1)_ to a large extent on the relationship of the color (2)_ other colors (3)_ simultaneously. It is not (4)_ in its relation to the direct stimulus which (5)_ it. On the other hand, the properties of surfaces that give (6)_ to color do not seem to change greatly under a wid
3、e variety of illumination color, usually (but not always) looking much the same in artificial light as in daylight. Both of these effects seem to be (7)_ in large part to the mechanism of color (8)_. When the eye is (9)_ to a colored area, there is an immediate readjustment of the (10)_ of the eye t
4、o color in and around the area (11)_. This readjustment does not promptly affect the color seen but usually does affect the next area to which the (12)_ is shifted. The longer the time of viewing, the higher the (13)_, and the larger the area, the greater the effect will be (14)_ its persistence in
5、the (15)_ viewing situation. As indicated by the work of Wright and Schouten, it appears that, at (16)_ for a first approximation, full adaptation takes place over (17)_ time if the adapting source is moderately bright and the eye has been in (18)_ darkness just previously. Also, (19)_ of the persis
6、tence of the effect if the eye is shifted around from one object to another, all of which are at similar brightness or have similar colors, the adaptation will tend to become (20)_ over the whole eye. （ A） liable （ B） focusing （ C） typical （ D） depending （ A） with （ B） between （ C） to （ D） upon （ A）
7、 pursued （ B） perceived （ C） realized （ D） conceived （ A） fixed （ B） firm （ C） bound （ D） open （ A） creates （ B） summons （ C） triggers （ D） introduces （ A） play （ B） way （ C） rise （ D） birth （ A） related （ B） due （ C） devoted （ D） close （ A） assimilation （ B） admission （ C） regulation （ D） adaptatio
8、n （ A） drawn （ B） left （ C） exposed （ D） subjected （ A） sensitivity （ B） curiosity （ C） decoration （ D） impression （ A） noticed （ B） alarmed （ C） neglected （ D） tolerated （ A） cheer （ B） sense （ C） gaze （ D） thought （ A） publicity （ B） necessity （ C） density （ D） intensity （ A） by means of （ B） in t
9、erms of （ C） with regard to （ D） in line with （ A） transparent （ B） succeeding （ C） simultaneous （ D） proceeding （ A） most （ B） worst （ C） least （ D） best （ A） brief （ B） complete （ C） light （ D） narrow （ A） efficient （ B） parallel （ C） relative （ D） respective （ A） regardless （ B） despite （ C） excl
10、usive （ D） because （ A） equivalent （ B） uniform （ C） contrastive （ D） complementary Part A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points) 21 King Richard III was a monster. He poisoned his wife, stole the throne from his two youn
11、g nephews and ordered them to be smothered in the Tower of London. Richard was a sort of Antichrist the King “that bottled spider, that poisonous bunch-backed toad“. Anyway, that was Shakespeares version. Shakespeare did what the playwright does: he turned history into a vivid, articulate, organized
12、 dream-repeatable nightly. He put the crouchback onstage, and sold tickets. And who would say that the real Richard known to family and friends was not identical to Shakespeares memorably loathsome creation? The actual Richard went dimming into the past and vanished. When all the eye-witnesses are g
13、one, the artists imagination begins to twist. Variations on the King Richard Effect are at work in Oliver Stones JFK. Richard III was art, but it was propaganda too. Shakespeare took the details of his plot from Tudor historians who wanted to blacken Richards name. Several centuries passed before ot
14、her historians began to write about Richards virtues and suggest that he may have been a victim of Tudor malice and what is the cleverest conspiracy of all: art. JFK is a long and powerful harangue about the death of the man Stone keeps calling “the slain young king“. What are the rules of Stones ga
15、me? Is Stone functioning as commercial entertainer? Propagandist? Documentary filmmaker? Historian? Journalist? Fantasist? Sensationalist? Crazy conspiracy monger? Lone hero crusading for the truth against a corrupt Establishment? Answer: some of the above. The first superficial effect of JFK is to
16、raise angry little scruples like welts in the conscience. Wouldnt it be absurd if a generation of younger Americans, with no memory of 1963, were to form their ideas about John Kennedys assassination from Oliver Stones report of it? But worse things have happened including, perhaps, the Warren Commi
17、ssion report? Stone uses a suspect, mixed art form, and JFK raises the familiar ethical and historical problems of docudrama. But so what? Artists have always used public events as raw material, have taken history into their imaginations and transformed it. The fall of Troy vanished into the Iliad.
18、The Battle of Borodino found its most memorable permanence in Tolstoys imagining of it in War and Peace. Especially in a world of insatiable electronic storytelling, real history procreates, endlessly conjuring new versions of itself. Public life has become a metaphysical breeder of fictions. Waterg
19、ate became an almost continuous television miniseries although it is interesting that the movie of Woodward and Bernsteins All The Presidents Men stayed close to the known facts and, unlike JFK, did not validate dark conjecture. 21 Shakespeares creation is used in the text to introduce （ A） his powe
20、rful imaginations. （ B） artists distortion of history. （ C） his well-established fame. （ D） historians interest in art. 22 Which of the following can best describe the authors comments on Stones organization of plots? （ A） Bewildering. （ B） Superficial. （ C） Contradictory. （ D） Intricate. 23 The wor
21、d “harangue“ (Para. 5) connotes （ A） corruption. （ B） invention. （ C） confusion. （ D） diffusion. 24 It is implied that Warren Commission report （ A） is nothing more than illusions. （ B） lives up to historians expectations. （ C） is not based on valid facts. （ D） falls victim to harsh criticisms. 25 I
22、t can be inferred from the text that public life （ A） is often the stuff for artists fictions. （ B） lies outside the field of history. （ C） is the focus of public attention. （ D） remains memorable at all times. 26 For months the Japanese searched fitfully for the right word to describe what was happ
23、ening. At the Bank of Japan, the nations central bank, officials spoke of “an adjustment phase“. Prime Minister admitted only to “a difficult situation“. The Economic Planning Agency, the governments record keeper, referred delicately to a “retreat“. Then two weeks ago, for the first time since 1997
24、, the agency dropped its boilerplate reference to the “expansion, from its closely watched Monthly Economic Report, and the word game was over. Japans economy, the worlds second largest, conceded the experts, was in recession. That admission confirmed the bad news businessmen had been reading in the
25、ir spreadsheets for several months. “In 2001 one market after another turned bad“, says Yoshihiko Wakamoto, senior vice president of Toshiba Corp., which now admits that its pretax profits for fiscal 2001, ending March 31, may be down a whopping 42%. In April, when many Japanese companies announce t
26、heir results for 2001 fiscal Year, most will report declining profits. Blue chips like Sony, NEC and Matsushita have all experienced drops of over 40% in pretax profits. Japans security houses, hit by declining commissions from a falling stock market, will announce even more dramatic drops. Nomura S
27、ecurities, once Japans most profitable company, is talking about an 80% decline in profits. Auto manufacturers, banks, airlines, steel companies, department stores all are in a slump. Technically, what is happening to the Japanese economy does not meet American criteria for a recession, normally def
28、ined as at least two consecutive quarters of negative growth. While economic growth has slowed in Japan, it has not ceased. Government economists are predicting a 3.5% increase in GNP for 2002. Outside experts are not so optimistic. But nearly everyone agrees that GNP growth in Japan is unlikely to
29、slip into negative numbers, as it did last year in the U.S. and Britain. “Theres no question that we are in a recession“, pronounces Kunio Miyamoto, chief economist of the Sumitomo-Life Research Institute. “But it is a recession, Japanese-style“. During the last half of the 1990s, Japanese companies
30、 based much of their expansion around the world on the wildly inflated values of the Tokyo Stock Exchange and Japans frenzied real estate market. Now both those markets have collapsed. And with long-term interest rates up from 5% to 7%, Japanese companies are less able to sell vast quantities of hig
31、h-quality goods at razor-thin profit margins. Added to this are pressures from shareholders for a greater return on investments, from Japans trading partners for restraints on its aggressive trade practices, and from its own citizens for a reduction in their working hours so they can enjoy the fruit
32、s of 40 years of relentless toil. 26 According to the writer, the current economic situation in Japan is （ A） much better than it seems. （ B） not as good as it seems. （ C） nowhere near its expansion. （ D） at its crucial point. 27 We learn from the text that Japanese definition of what was happening
33、in Japan is （ A） skeptical. （ B） inflexible. （ C） delicate. （ D） changeable. 28 The decline of Japanese economy in 2001 is manifested in the fact that the Japanese （ A） companies predicted their results for another fiscal year. （ B） auto industries went bankrupt in a Japanese style. （ C） security ho
34、uses suffered great loss of their profits. （ D） real estate market quieted down after a boom. 29 Which of the following can best substitute the word “Technically“ (Para. 3) without changing its function in the context? （ A） To be exact. （ B） After all. （ C） Fortunately. （ D） In brief. 30 The writer
35、seems to admit that Japanese companies gained great profits in the 1990s mainly by means of （ A） its overseas expansion. （ B） its economic planning. （ C） its workers contribution. （ D） its high-quality goods. 31 Ever since they were first staged in 19th century Europe, worlds fairs have enabled peop
36、le from around the globe to visit wondrous pavilions where they can discover distant lands and new technologies. The 2006 worlds fair is no exception, but it also has a decidedly new-era twist: the whole event happens in cyberspace. A nonprofit project dreamed up by Americans Carl Malamud, a compute
37、r consultant, and Vinton Cerf, and Internet pioneer and telecommunications company Vice president, the Internet 2006 World Exposition is a digital work in progress, a multi-chambered forum that cybernauts can help build and renovate throughout the year and perhaps long after the fairs official close
38、 in December. While high-tech pavilions set up by sponsoring corporations are featured prominently, as in real fairs, this virtual exposition is closer in spirit and reality to a vast bustling bazaar, a marketplace for the talents and offerings of thousands of individuals and small groups. Anyone wi
39、th a computer and a modem can not only “attend“ but also participate as an exhibitor by creating an individual multimedia Website. Getting the fair up and running was by no means easy. Malamud, 36, spent the past year shuttling among 30 countries, lobbying companies that initially dismissed the proj
40、ect as unwieldy and unworkable. While some nations immediately supported the idea, others completely missed the point of Malamuds vision: to make the fair a public-works project that focuses on what the Internet can offer expert or novice. Once grass-roots groups started backing the project, though,
41、 businesses were not far behind. By donating equipment and services, these companies will gain access to millions of potential consumers eager to see the firms latest technologies. Since the expositions Jan. 1 launch, as many as 40,000 visitors each day from more than 40 countries have tried the maj
42、or Websites. Most virtual visitors log on from the U. S and Japan, but the United Arab Emirates, Sweden, Singapore and Estonia have been represented. Comments logged in the fairs guest book are overwhelmingly positive. “Wow, the world is shrinking“, wrote a visitor from the Netherlands. Since their
43、initial hesitancy, the major sponsors-primarily telecommunications and software companieshave become firm believers. Beyond the diversity of content and international scope, the fair is a technological marvel. The fastest international link ever installed, this pipeline could be the first step towar
44、d laying a permanent network that will eventually hardwire every nation in the world into the Internet. The organizers hope that the infrastructure and awareness-nurtured by this exposition will launch a boom in Net use. 31 The organizers thinks that the effect on Net use of the 2006 worlds fair is
45、（ A） hardly positive. （ B） dubiously-oriented. （ C） quite instantaneous. （ D） far reaching. 32 We can learn from the text that （ A） public visitors intended to reap great profits in the fair. （ B） some countries initially hesitated to support the project. （ C） technological progress usually precedes
46、 an economic boom. （ D） sponsoring corporations once dismissed the technology. 33 The technological fair is intended by its organizers to be （ A） in the interests of public. （ B） for the sake of exhibitors. （ C） at the mercy of firms. （ D） to the prejudice of users. 34 The expression “a vast bustlin
47、g bazaar“(Para. 3) best connotes （ A） eager. （ B） diverse. （ C） active. （ D） spacious. 35 In the writer opinion, the virtual exposition in the new era is （ A） profitable. （ B） rewarding. （ C） fruitless. （ D） successful. 36 It was the best of times or, depending on your political and philosophical ou
48、tlook, one of the foulest and most depraved. Rebellion seemed to be leaping from city to city, continent to continent, by some fiery process of contagion. Radical students filled the streets of Mexico city, Berlin, Tokyo, Prague. In the U.S., Chicago swirled into near anarchy as cops battled antiwar
49、 demonstrators gathered at the Democratic Convention. And everywhere from Amsterdam to Haight-Ashbury, a generation was getting high, acting up. So, clearly, it was the year from hell a collective “dive into extensive social and personal dysfunction“, as the Wall Street Journal editorialized recently. Or, depending again on your outlook, a global breakthrough for the human spirit. On this, the 25th anniversary of 1968, probably the only thing we can all agree
