1、考研英语模拟试卷 241及答案与解析 一、 Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 1 Just how does a person arrive at an idea of the kind of person that he is? He develops this (1)_ of self through a gradual and comp
2、licated (2)_ which continues throughout life. The notion is an (3)_ that one establishes only with the help of others. (4)_ the elementary knowledge that one is short or tall is a comparative judgment that we cannot make (5)_ we have the opportunity to (6)_ ourselves with others. Ones idea of qualit
3、ies which are harder to (7)_ is even more dependent upon other peoples ideas. Whether one is intelligent, or stupid; attractive, or ugly; these and many other ideas of the self are (8)_ from the reactions of people with whom we (9)_. This process of (10)_ the nature of the self from the reaction of
4、others has been labeled the “Looking-glass Self“ by Cooley, who carefully analyzed this psychological (11)_ of self-discovery. Just as the picture in the mirror gives an image of the physical self, (12)_ the perception of the reactions of others gives an image of the social self. We know, (13)_, tha
5、t we are good at certain things and not at others. This (14)_ came to us from the reactions of other persons, first our parents and then other individuals (15)_ in life. It should be remembered that, as other peoples reactions could be (16)_ and understood in more than one way, the looking-glass sel
6、f with which the individual (17)_ may easily differ from the image others have actually formed of his (18)_. Clearly, it is our perception of the responses of others and not their (19)_ responses that (20)_ our self-image, and these perceptions are often not accurate. （ A） consent （ B） label （ C） fr
7、ame （ D） concept （ A） model （ B） evolution （ C） process （ D） return （ A） illusion （ B） image （ C） incident （ D） issue （ A） Even （ B） Only （ C） But （ D） Hence （ A） until （ B） by （ C） during （ D） after （ A） approach （ B） assess （ C） compare （ D） equate （ A） detect （ B） define （ C） demand （ D） defend （
8、 A） achieved （ B） exerted （ C） secured （ D） acquired （ A） interfere （ B） cooperate （ C） interact （ D） comply （ A） exploring （ B） convicting （ C） exploiting （ D） extending （ A） aspect （ B） altitude （ C） horizon （ D） scope （ A） while （ B） for （ C） so （ D） since （ A） in brief （ B） in effect （ C） after
9、all （ D） for example （ A） appendix （ B） knowledge （ C） selection （ D） ignorance （ A） sooner （ B） later （ C） earlier （ D） former （ A） pursued （ B） persisted （ C） perceived （ D） polished （ A） senses （ B） means （ C） refers （ D） states （ A） peculiarity （ B） ambition （ C） personality （ D） reputation （ A）
10、 precise （ B） genuine （ C） original （ D） actual （ A） improves （ B） shapes （ C） directs （ D） guides Part A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points) 21 That low moaning sound in the background just might be the Founding Fathe
11、rs protesting from beyond the grave. They have been doing it when George Bush, at a breakfast of religious leaders, scorched the Democrats for failing to mention God in their platform and declaimed that a President needs to believe in the Almighty. What about the constitutional ban on “religious tes
12、t(s)“ for public office? The Founding Fathers would want to know. What about Tom Jeffersons conviction that it is Possible for a nonbeliever to be a moral person, “find(ing) incitements to virtue in the comfort and pleasantness you feel in its exercise“? Even George Washington must shudder in his sl
13、eep to hear the constant emphasis on “Judeo-Christian values“. It was he who wrote, “We have abundant reason to rejoice that in this Land.every person may here worship God according to the dictates of his own heart“. George Bush should know better than to encourage the theocratic ambitions of the Ch
14、ristian right. The “wall of separation“ the Founding Fathers built between church and state is one of the best defenses freedom has ever had. Or have we already forgotten why the Founding Fathers put it up? They had seen enough religious intolerance in the colonies: Quaker women were burned at the s
15、take in Puritan Massachusetts; Virginians could be jailed for denying the Bibles authority. No wonder John Adams once described the Judeo-Christian tradition as “the most bloody religion that ever existed“, and that the Founding Fathers took such pains to keep the hand that holds the musket separate
16、 from the one that carries the cross. There was another reason for the separation of church and state, which no amount of pious ranting can expunge: not all the Founding Fathers believed in the same God, or in any God at all. Jefferson was a renowned doubter, urging his nephew to “question with bold
17、ness even the existence of a God“. John Adams was at least a skeptic, as were of course the revolutionary firebrands Tom Paine and Ethan Allen. Naturally, they designed a republic in which they themselves would have a place. Yet another reason argues for the separation of church and state. If the Fo
18、unding Fathers had one overarching aim, it was to limit the power not of the churches but of the state. They were deeply concerned, as Adams wrote, that “government shall be considered as having in it nothing more mysterious or divine than other arts or sciences“. Surely the Republicans, committed a
19、s they are to “limited government“, ought to honor the secular spirit that has limited our government from the moment of its birth. 21 What is implied in the first sentence? （ A） The president confused religion with state unwisely. （ B） The presidents reference to God annoyed the dead. （ C） The pres
20、ident criticized his opponents for ignorance. （ D） The presidents standpoint was boldly questioned. 22 The separation of religion and state was designed mainly to （ A） highlight the role of the government. （ B） pay tribute to religious leaders. （ C） limit the command of the government. （ D） encourag
21、e the believers ambitions. 23 When mentioning “Quaker women“ (Para. 2); the author is talking about （ A） religious values. （ B） colonial rebels. （ C） church reforms. （ D） wall of separation. 24 The authors attitude toward the Founding Fathers ideas is one of （ A） utter indifference. （ B） tactic cons
22、ent. （ C） slight contempt. （ D） strong denial. 25 Which of the following is true according to the author? （ A） The government should bear in mind the intentions of the Founding Fathers. （ B） Anyone without a religious belief will naturally viewed as an immoral person. （ C） The government is entitled
23、 to more privileges than other social institutions. （ D） Any political leader must get completely free from religious doctrines. 26 Any normal species would be delighted at the prospect of cloning. No more nasty surprises like sickle cell or Down syndrome just batch after hatch of high-grade and, ge
24、netically speaking, immortal offspring! But representatives of the human species are responding as if someone had proposed adding Satanism to the grade-school Curriculum. Suddenly, perfectly secular folks are throwing around words like sanctity and retrieving medieval-era arguments against the pride
25、 of science. No one has proposed burning him at the stake, but the poor fellow who induced a human embryo to double itself has virtually recanted proclaiming his reverence for human life in a voice, this magazine reported“, choking with emotion“. There is an element of hypocrisy to much of the anti-
26、cloning furor, or if not hypocrisy, superstition. The fact is we axe already well down the path leading to genetic manipulation of the creepiest sort. Life-forms can be patented, which means they can be bought and sold and potentially traded on the commodities markets. Human embryos are life-forms,
27、and there is nothing to stop anyone from marketing them now, on the same shelf with the Cabbage Patch dolls. In fact, any culture that encourages in vitro fertilization has no right to complain about a market in embryos. The assumption behind the in vitro industry is that some peoples genetic materi
28、al is worth more than others and deserves to be reproduced at any expense. Millions of low-income babies die every year from preventable ills like dysentery, while heroic efforts go into maintaining yuppie zygotes in test tubes at the unicellular stage. This is the dread “nightmare“ of eugenics in f
29、amiliar, marketplace form which involves breeding the best-paid instead of the best. Cloning technology is an almost inevitable byproduct of in vitro fertilization. Once you decide to go to the trouble of in vitro, with its potentially hazardous megadoses of hormones for the female partner and vario
30、us indignities for the male, you might as well make a few backup copies of any viable embryo thats produced. And once youve got the backup organ copies, why not keep a few in the freezer, in case Junior ever needs a new kidney or cornea? The critics of cloning say we should know what were getting in
31、to, with all its Orwellian implications. But if we decide to outlaw cloning, we should understand the implications of that. We would be saying in effect that we prefer to leave genetic destiny to the crap shooting of nature, despite sickle-cell anemia and Tay-Sachs and all the rest, because ultimate
32、ly we dont trust the market to regulate life itself. And this may be the hardest thing of all to acknowledge, that it isnt so much 21st century technology we fear, as what will happen to that technology in the hands of old-fashioned 20th century capitalism. 26 We learn from the first paragraph that
33、（ A） nonreligious folks received cloning with open arms. （ B） the scientist was encouraged to popularize his ideas; （ C） some people moved strongly against cloning technique. （ D） a technician was condemned and sentenced to death. 27 It is implied in the 3rd paragraph that it is （ A） dishonest to de
34、ny some genetic manipulations. （ B） impractical to change our genetic destiny. （ C） dangerous to prepare backup copies. （ D） irrational to oppose financial operations. 28 We can learned from the text that cloning techniques would be applied to （ A） family planning. （ B） marketing strategies. （ C） pr
35、eventable diseases. （ D） organ replacements. 29 According to the text, what concerns the author most is the _ with respect to cloning technique. （ A） ethics （ B） economics （ C） genetics （ D） mechanics 30 The authors attitude towards the prospect of cloning seems to be that of （ A） opposition. （ B） s
36、uspicion. （ C） approval. （ D） indifference. 31 Here in the U.S. a project of moving the government a few hundred miles to the southwest proceeds apace, under the supervision of Senator Robert Byrd of West Virginia. Apart from the usual highways and parks, Byrd has taken a special interest in transpl
37、anting pieces of federal agencies from metropolitan Washington to his home state. Strangely, Byrds little experiment in de-Washingtonization has become the focus of outrage among the very people who are otherwise most Critical of Washington and its ways. To these critics, it is the very symbol of co
38、ngressional arrogance of power, isolation from reality, contempt for the voters, and so on, and demonstrates the need for term limits if not lynching. Consider the good-government advantages of (lets call it) the Byrd Migration. What better way to symbolize an end to the old ways and commitment to r
39、eform than physically moving the government? What better way to break up old bureaucracies than to uproot and transplant them, files and all? Second, spreading the government around a bit ought to reduce that self-feeding and self-regarding Beltway culture that Washington-phobes claim to dislike so
40、much. Of course there is a good deal of hypocrisy in this anti Washington chatter. Much of it comes from politicians and journalists who have spent most of their adult lives in Washington and wouldnt care to live anywhere else. They are not rushing to West Virginia themselves, except for the occasio
41、nal quaint rustic weekend. But they can take comfort that public servants at the Bureau of the Public Debt, at least, have escaped the perils of inside-the-Beltway insularity. Third, is Senator Byrds raw spread-the-wealth philosophy completely illegitimate? The Federal Government and government-rela
42、ted private enterprises have made metropolitan Washington one of the richest areas of the country. By contrast, West Virginia is the second poorest state, after Mississippi. The entire countrys taxes support the government. Why shouldnt more of the country get a piece of it? As private businesses ar
43、e discovering, the electronic revolution is making it less and less necessary for work to be centralized at headquarters. Theres no reason the government shouldnt take more advantage of this trend as well. It is hardly enough, though, to expel a few thousand midlevel bureaucrats from the alleged Ede
44、n inside the Washington Beltway. Really purging the Washington culture enough to satisfy its noisiest critics will require a mass exodus on the order of what the Khmer Rouge instituted when they took over Phnom Penh in 1975. Until the very members of the TIME Washington bureau itself are traipsing s
45、outh along I-95, their word processors strapped to their backs, the nation cannot rest easy. But Americas would-be Khmer Rouge should give Senator Byrd more credit for showing the way. 31 According to the text, “a mass exodus“ (Para. 6) most probably means （ A） removing the central functions of gove
46、rnment. （ B） directing federal spending towards a state. （ C） shifting businesses to a landlocked state. （ D） reforming pieces of government agencies. 32 Which of the following cannot describe the publics opinions the government? （ A） Egotistic. （ B） Centralized. （ C） Illegitimate. （ D） Bureaucratic
47、. 33 It is implied in the 4th paragraph that some politicians and journalists （ A） are entitled to some privileges. （ B） escape the complexities of life. （ C） are very doubtful of Byrds plans. （ D） often give their dishonest opinions. 34 As used in the text, “the alleged Eden“ (Para. 6) symbolizes （
48、 A） paradise. （ B） isolation. （ C） noisiness. （ D） luxuries. 35 It can inferred from the text that government bureaus （ A） have often been the target of criticisms. （ B） have benefited the poor. （ C） are an inappropriate topic for discussion. （ D） are quite contemptible. 36 It was a fixing sight: th
49、ere, in the Capitol itself, a U.S. Senator often mocked for his halting, inarticulate speaking, reached deep into his Midwestern roots and spoke eloquently, even poetically, about who he was and what he believed, stunning politicians and journalists alike. I refer, of course, to Senator Jefferson Smith. In Frank Capras classic Mr. Smith Goes to Washington, Jimmy Stewart plays this simple, idealistic small-town American, mocked and scorned by the big-moneyed, oh-so-so
