1、考研英语模拟试卷 244及答案与解析 一、 Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 1 A study of art history might be a good way to learn more about a culture than that is possible to learn in general history classes.
2、 Most (1)_ history courses concentrate on politics, economics, and war. (2)_, art history (3)_ on much more than this because art reflects not only the political values of a people, but also religious (4)_, emotions, and psychology. (5)_, information about the daily activities of our own can be prov
3、ided by art. In short, art expresses the (6)_ qualities of a time and a place, and a study of it clearly offers us a deeper understanding than what can be found in most history books. In history books, objective information about the political life of a country is (7)_; that is, facts about politica
4、l are given, but (8)_ are not expressed. Art, on the other hand, is (9)_: it reflects emotions and impressions. The great Spanish painter Francisco Goya severely criticized the Spanish government for its (10)_ of power over people. Over a hundred years later, symbolic (11)_ were used in Pablo Picass
5、os Guemica to express the (12)_ of War. (13)_, on another continent, the powerful paintings of Diego Rivera depicted these Mexican artists concealed (14)_ and sadness about social problems. In the same way, art can (15)_ a cultures religious beliefs. For hundreds of years in Europe, religious art wa
6、s (16)_ the only type of art that existed. Churches and other religious buildings were filled with paintings that depicted people and stories from the Bible. (17)_ most people couldnt read, they could still understand biblical stories in the pictures on church walls. (18)_, one of the main character
7、istics of art in the Middle East was (and still is) its (19)_ of human and animal images. This reflects the Islamic belief that statues are (20)_. （ A） interesting （ B） plausible （ C） superior （ D） typical （ A） Indeed （ B） Hence （ C） However （ D） Therefore （ A） comments （ B） focuses （ C） depends （ D
8、） centers （ A） belief （ B） faith （ C） trust （ D） credibility （ A） In addition （ B） In summary （ C） In any case （ D） In effect （ A） equivalent （ B） temporary （ C） essential （ D） effective （ A） subscribed （ B） presented （ C） delivered （ D） manifested （ A） perspectives （ B） counsels （ C） arguments （ D）
9、 opinions （ A） implied （ B） displayed （ C） biased （ D） created （ A） misuse （ B） control （ C） advantage （ D） triumph （ A） images （ B） signs （ C） stimuli （ D） messages （ A） awe （ B） shock （ C） horror （ D） grief （ A） Nevertheless （ B） Consequently （ C） Simultaneously （ D） Meanwhile （ A） guard （ B） ange
10、r （ C） content （ D） assault. （ A） contain （ B） mirror （ C） involve （ D） include （ A） alone （ B） barely （ C） almost （ D） scarcely （ A） Although （ B） Since （ C） Suppose （ D） Provided （ A） With （ B） For （ C） By （ D） On （ A） relevance （ B） presence （ C） existence （ D） absence （ A） ineligible （ B） unholy
11、 （ C） mistaken （ D） disloyal Part A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points) 21 After the terrorist attacks in America last September, terrorist risk became the pariah of perils. The airline industry was most directly affec
12、ted by the attacks, and it was the first to find that no one wanted to insure terrorist risk. Insurance companies immediately increased premiums and cut cover for airlines third-party terror and war liabilities to $50m per airline, per “event“. Under pressure from airlines, the American government a
13、nd the members of the European Union agreed to become insurers of last resort for airlines war and terrorist liabilities, for a limited period. These government guarantees are due to expire at the end of the month. The American government has already agreed to extend its guarantee for another 60 day
14、s. The EUs transport ministers are meeting next week in Brussels to decide what to do. Insurers and reinsurers are keen for the commercial market to resume the provision of all airline insurance as soon as possible. No wonder: The premiums for such cover have inevitably increased considerably. Howev
15、er, in the case of terrorism, and especially of terrorism in the skies, a number of special factors arise. Some are purely practical: a disaster as sudden and unforeseen as the attacks on the World Trade Center has had destructive effects on the insurance industry. The maximum cover for third-party
16、terrorist risk available in the primary aviation market is now $50m, and that is not nearly enough cover risks that are perceived to be much higher since September 11th. Even if the market could offer sufficient cover, another catastrophe on such a scale would be more than the market could cope with
17、. In addition, a rare and devastating risk of a political nature is arguably one that it is right for governments to cover, at least in part. In the wake of attacks by Irish terrorists the British government has recognized this point by agreeing to back a mutual fund to cover risks to property from
18、terrorist attack. In the case of the airlines, the appropriate answer is some form of mutual scheme with government backing. In fact, under the code-name “Equitime“, representatives of airlines, insurers and the American government are setting up an insurance vehicle to be financed by airlines and r
19、einsured by the government. Governments would guarantee the funds excess risk, but their role would diminish as the fund grew. Setting something up will take time. So, to bridge the gap, governments will have to remain insurer of last resort for airlines war and terrorist risk for some time to come.
20、 21 By “terrorist risk became the pariah of perils“ (Paragraph 1), the author means （ A） insurance companies increased premiums. （ B） airlines seek to avoid legal liabilities. （ C） terrorist attacks left insurers panicked. （ D） terrorist risk is unlikely to be insured. 22 According to the text, now
21、it is beyond the ability of commercial insurance market （ A） to win the support from governments. （ B） to cancel provision for airline insurance. （ C） to cope with overwhelming disasters. （ D） to rule out third-party terrorist risks. 23 The word “vehicle“ (Para. 5) denotes （ A） vulnerability. （ B） c
22、apability. （ C） liability. （ D） availability. 24 The writer argues that in the foreseeable future the insurer of last resort for airlines terrorist risk will be （ A） insurance companies. （ B） governments guarantees. （ C） airlines themselves. （ D） mutual fund schemes. 25 It can be concluded from the
23、text that airlines war and terrorist risk （ A） should be attended to cautiously. （ B） should be left with the government alone. （ C） should be accepted reluctantly. （ D） should be left up to insurance companies. 26 Shortly after September 11th, President Bushs father observed that just as Pearl Harb
24、or awakened this country from the notion that we could somehow avoid the call of duty to defend freedom in Europe and Asia in World War Two, so, too, should this most recent surprise attack erase the concept in some quarters that America can somehow go it alone in the fight against terrorism or in a
25、nything else for that matter. But Americas allies have begun to wonder whether that is the lesson that has been learned or whether the Afghanistan campaigns apparent success shows that unilateralism works just fine. The United States, that argument goes, is so dominant that it can largely afford to
26、go it alone. It is true that no nation since Rome has loomed so large above the others, but even Rome eventually collapsed. Only a decade ago, the conventional wisdom lamented an America in decline. Bestseller lists featured books that described Americas fall. Japan would soon become “Number One“. T
27、hat view was wrong at the time, and when I wrote “Bound to Lead“ in 1989, I, like others, predicted the continuing rise of American power. But the new conventional wisdom that America is invincible is equally dangerous if it leads to a foreign policy that combines unilateralism, arrogance and paroch
28、ialism. A number of advocates of “realist“ international-relations theory have also expressed concern about Americas staying-power. Throughout history, coalitions of countries have arisen to balance dominant powers, and the search for traditional shifts in the balance of power and new state challeng
29、ers is well under way. Some see China as the new enemy; others envisage a Russia-China-India coalition as the threat. But even if China maintains high growth rates of 6% while the United States achieves only 2%, it will not equal the United States in income per head until the last half of the centur
30、y. Still others see a uniting Europe as a potential federation that will challenge the United States for primacy. But this forecast depends on a high degree of European political unity, and a low state of transatlantic relations. Although realists raise an important point about the leveling of power
31、 in the international arena, their quest for new cold-war-style challengers is largely barking up the wrong tree. They are ignoring deeper changes in the distribution and nature of power in the contemporary world. The paradox of American power in the 21st century is that the largest power since Rome
32、 cannot achieve its objectives unilaterally in a global information age. 26 We learn from the beginning of the text that what strikes Bushs father is that （ A） American allies began to appreciate unilateralism. （ B） Americans come to get over some misconceptions. （ C） the U.S. became the largest pow
33、er since Rome. （ D） Americans can achieve its objectives unilaterally. 27 What is realists attitude towards the continuing rise of American power? （ A） Apprehensive. （ B） Boastful. （ C） Optimistic. （ D） Grieved. 28 According to the text, cooperative bodies of countries have emerged （ A） to defeat ne
34、w state challengers. （ B） to defend international relations. （ C） to maintain high growth rates. （ D） to equalize dominant powers. 29 The author criticizes those who are “barking up the wrong tree“ for their （ A） dominance. （ B） insecurity. （ C） ignorance. （ D） sensitivity. 30 The author asserts tha
35、t in dealing with world affairs the U.S should learn to （ A） combine unilateralism with nationalism. （ B） depend upon the conventional wisdom. （ C） draw a lesson from the collapse of Rome. （ D） revise its unilateral foreign policy wisely. 31 Yasuhisa Shizoki, a 51-year-old MP from Japans ruling Libe
36、ral Democratic Party (LDP), starts tapping his finger on the dismal economic chart on his coffee table. “Unless we change the decision-making process“, he says bluntly, “we are not going to be able to solve this kind of problem“. With the economy in such a mess, it may seem a bit of a diversion to b
37、e trying to sort out Japans political structures as well as its economic problems. But Mr. Shiozaki can hardly be accused of time-wasting. He has consistently prodded the government to take a firm hand to ailing banks, and has given warning against complacency after a recent rise in share prices. Fa
38、r from being a distraction, his latest cause highlights how far Japan is from genuine economic reform. Since cowriting a report on political reform, which was released by an LDP panel last week, Mr. Shiozaki has further upset the partys old guard. Its legionaries, flanked by columns of the bureaucra
39、cy, continue to hamper most attempts to overhaul the economy. Junichiro Koizumi was supposed to change all that, by going over their heads and appealing directly to the public. Yet nearly a year after becoming prime minister, Mr. Koizumi has precious little to show for his efforts. His popularity is
40、 now flagging and his determination is increasingly in doubt. As hopes of immediate economic reform fade, optimists are focusing on another potential benefit of Mr. Koizumis tenure. They hope that his highly personalized style of leadership will pave the way for a permanent change in Japanese politi
41、cs: towards more united and authoritative cabinets that are held directly accountable for their policies. As that happens, the thinking goes, real economic reforms will be able to follow. A leading candidate for change is the 40 year-old system informal but religiously followed through which the LDP
42、 machinery vets every bill before it ever gets to parliament. Most legislation starts in the LDPs party committees, which mirror the parliamentary committee structure. Proposals then go through two higher LDP bodies, which hammer out political deals to smooth their passage. Only then does the prime
43、ministers cabinet get fully involved in approving the policy. Most issues have been decided by the LDP mandarins long before they reach this point, let alone the floor of parliament, leaving even the prime minister limited influence, and allowing precious little room for public debate and even less
44、for accountability. As a result, progress will probably remain slow. Since they know that political reform leads to economic reform, and hence poses a threat to their interests, most of the LDP will resist any real changes. But at least a handful of insiders have now bought into one of Mr. Koizumis
45、best slogans: “Change the LDP, change Japan“. 31 What is implied in the first sentence? （ A） The economic situation in Japan is depressing. （ B） Shizoki is engaged in some time-wasting activity. （ C） The economic chart mirrors genuine revivals. （ D） Shizoki is addicted to his enjoyable diversions. 3
46、2 We learn from the text that an economic reform in Japan （ A） is a new boom on the horizon. （ B） should follow a political reform. （ C） is in the charge of committees. （ D） should precede a political unrest. 33 As regards the political reforms in Japan, the author focuses on its （ A） real economic
47、structures. （ B） formal religious rituals. （ C） decision-making process. （ D） legislation accountability. 34 The basic problem in Japanese politics as pointed by the writer lies in （ A） the lack of direct accountability. （ B） the existence of political deals. （ C） the absence of top-level influence.
48、 （ D） the resistance to real changes. 35 Which of the following can best apply to the current political systems in Japan? （ A） into hierarchies. （ B） for the better. （ C） on rigid routines. （ D） behind the times. 36 “Worse than useless“, fumed Darrell Issa, a Republican congressman from California,
49、on March 19th, when the House Judiciary Committee held a hearing on the Immigration and Naturalization Service. “Terrible, and getting worse“, added Zoe Lofgren, a Democratic colleague who has kept a watchful eye on the INS for ten years. Committee members lined up to take swings at James Ziglar, the head of the INS. He explained, somewhat pathetically, that “outdated procedures“ had kept the visa-processing wheels grinding slowly through a backlog of applications. He also ha
