1、考研英语模拟试卷 245及答案与解析 一、 Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 1 Most of us are taught to pay attention to what is said the words. Words do provide us with some information, but meanings are (1)_
2、from so many other sources that it would hinder our effectiveness (2)_ a partner to a relationship to rely too heavily on words (3)_. Words are used to describe only a small part of the many ideas we associate with any given (4)_. Sometimes we can gain insight into some of those (5)_ if we listen fo
3、r (6)_ words. We dont always say what we mean (7)_ mean what we say. Mostly we mean several things at once. A person wanting to purchase a house says to the current owner. “This step has to be fixed before Ill buy“. The owner says, “Its been like that for years“. (8)_, the step hasnt been like that
4、for years, but the (9)_ message is: “I dont want to fix it. We can put up with it why cant you?“ The (10)_ for a more expansive view of meaning can be developed by examining a message (11)_ who said it, when it occurred, the (12)_ conditions or situation, and how it was said. When a message occurs c
5、an also (13)_ associated meaning. A friends unusually docile behavior may only be understood by (14)_ that it was preceded by situations that required a (n) (15)_ amount of assertiveness. We would do well to listen for how message are (16)_. The words, “it sure has been nice to have you over“, can b
6、e said with (17)_ and excited or ritualistically. The phrase can be said once or (18)_ several times. And the meaning we associate with the phrase will change (19)_. Sometimes if we say something infrequently it assumes more importance; sometimes the more we say something the (20)_ importance it ass
7、umes. （ A） omitted （ B） resulted （ C） dismissed （ D） derived （ A） for （ B） under （ C） as （ D） against （ A） as well （ B） alone （ C） long before （ D） though （ A） message （ B） description （ C） statement （ D） explanation （ A） associations （ B） appointments （ C） appliances （ D） agitations （ A） less than
8、（ B） rather than （ C） more than （ D） other than （ A） or else （ B） or （ C） but rather （ D） but （ A） Theoretically （ B） Ironically （ C） Probably （ D） Actually （ A） inclined （ B） declared （ C） implied （ D） delivered （ A） search （ B） inquiry （ C） worry （ D） confusion （ A） in terms of （ B） in the light o
9、f （ C） in line with （ D） in the wake of （ A） involved （ B） included （ C） related （ D） concerned （ A） uncover （ B） expose （ C） display （ D） reveal （ A） marking （ B） noting （ C） labeling （ D） spotting （ A） complex （ B） abnormal （ C） moderate （ D） ambiguous （ A） offered （ B） granted （ C） presented （ D）
10、 agreed （ A） emphasis （ B） hesitation （ C） interest （ D） pressure （ A） renewed （ B） recovered （ C） repeated （ D） restored （ A） unexpectedly （ B） occasionally （ C） especially （ D） accordingly （ A） better （ B） less （ C） worse （ D） more Part A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the quest
11、ions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points) 21 After Los Angeles, Atlanta may be Americas most car-dependent city. Atlantans sentimentally give their cars names, compare speeding tickets and jealously guard any side-street where it is possible to park. The citys roads are so well worn
12、 that the first act of the new mayor, Shirley Franklin, was to start repairing potholes. In 1998, 13 metro counties lost federal highway funds because their air-pollution levels violated the Clean Air Act. The American Highway Users Alliance ranked three Atlanta interchanges among the 18 worst bottl
13、enecks in the country. Other cities in the same fix have reorganized their highways, imposed commuter and car taxes, or expanded their public-transport systems. Atlanta does not like any of these things. Public transport is a vexed subject, too. Atlantas metropolitan region is divided into numerous
14、county and smaller city governments, which find it hard to work together. Railways now serve the city center and the airport, but not much else; bus stops are often near-invisible poles, offering no indication of which bus might stop there, or when. Georgias Democratic governor, Roy Barnes, who hope
15、s for reelection in November, has other plans. To win back the federal highway money lost under the Clean Air Act, he created the Georgia Regional Transportation Authority (GRTA), a 15 member board with the power to make the county governments, the city and the ten-county Atlanta Regional Commission
16、 cooperate on transport plans, whether they like it or not. Now GRTA has issued its own preliminary plan, allocating $4.5 billion over the next three years for a variety of schemes. The plan earmarks money to widen roads; to have an electric shuttle bus shuttle tourists among the elegant villas of B
17、uckhead; and to create a commuter rail link between Atlanta and Macon, two hours to the south. Counties will be encouraged, with generous ten-to-one matching funds, to start express bus services. Public goodwill, however, may not stretch as far as the next plan, which is to build the Northern Arc hi
18、ghway for 65 miles across three counties north of the city limits. GRTA has allotted $270m for this. Supporters say it would ease the congestion on local roads; opponents think it would worsen over-development and traffic. The counties affected, and even GRTAs own board, are divided. The governor is
19、 in favor, however; and since he can appoint and fire GRTAS members, that is probably the end of the story. Mr. Barnes has a tendency to do as he wants, regardless. His arrogance on traffic matters could also lose him votes. But Mr. Barnes think that Atlantas slowing economy could do him more harm t
20、han the anti-sprawl movement. 21 The authors presentation of Atlantas car-dependence is meant （ A） to be ironic. （ B） to poke fun to them. （ C） to be fair. （ D） to make it notorious. 22 The word “bottleneck“ (Para. 1) best connotes （ A） to violate the law. （ B） to slack the pace. （ C） to be stuck in
21、 traps. （ D） to be held up. 23 Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the text? （ A） Controversies exist concerning the traffic in Atlanta. （ B） The federal funds were lost under the Clean Air Act. （ C） Atlanta must abandon buses and build more highways. （ D） The county governments should learn
22、to be cooperative. 24 Which of the following is NOT part of the “anti-sprawl movement“ as planned by governor Roy Barnes? （ A） His success in reelection in November. （ B） The initiation of shuttle bus transit. （ C） The allocation of money to widen roads. （ D） The construction of a commuter rail. 25
23、It seems that the best solution to the traffic problem in Atlanta seems to lie in （ A） the enforcement of traffic regulations. （ B） the improvement of its road conditions. （ C） the increase of commuter and car taxes. （ D） the improvement of its public transports. 26 If the opinion polls are to be be
24、lieved, most Americans are coming to trust their government more than they used to. The habit has not yet spread widely among American Indians, who suspect an organization which has so often patronized them, lied to them and defrauded them. But the Indians may soon win a victory in a legal battle th
25、at epitomizes those abuses. Elouise Cobell, a banker who also happens to be a member of the Blackfeet tribe in Montana, is the leading plaintiff in a massive class-action suit against the government. At issue is up to $10 billion in trust payments owed to some 500,000 Indians. The Suit revolves arou
26、nd Individual Indian Money (11M) accounts that are administered by the Interior Departments Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA). Back in the 1880s, the government divided more than 11m acres of tribal land into parcels of 80 to 160 acres that were assigned to individual Indians. Because these parcels wer
27、e rarely occupied by their new owners, the government assumed responsibility for managing them. As the Indians trustee, it leased the land out for grazing, logging, mining and oil drilling but it was supposed to distribute the royalties to the Indian owners. In fact, officials admit that royalties h
28、ave been lost or stolen. Records were destroyed, and the government lost track of which Indians owned what land. The plaintiffs say that money is owing to 500,000 Indians, but even the government accepts a figure of about 300,000. For years, Cobell heard Indians complain of not getting payment from
29、the government for the oil-drilling and ranching leases on their land. But nothing much got done. She returned to Washington and, after a brush-off from government lawyers, filed the suit. Gale Norton, George Bushs interior secretary was charged with contempt in November because her department had f
30、ailed to fix the problem. In December, Judge Lam berth ordered the interior Department to shut down all its computers for ten weeks because trust-fund records were vulnerable to hackers. The system was partly restored last month and payments to some Indians, which had been interrupted, resumed. And
31、that is not the end of it. Ms. Norton has proposed the creation of a new Bureau of Indian Trust Management, separate from the BIA. Indians are cross that she suggested this without consulting them. Some want the trust funds to be placed in receivership, under a neutral supervisor. Others have called
32、 for Congress to establish an independent commission, including Indians, to draw up a plan for reforming the whole system. A messy injustice may at last be getting sorted out. 26 What is implied but not stated in the first sentence is that American Indians （ A） expressed their gratitude for their la
33、wyers. （ B） won a victory by use of legal weapons. （ C） have lost confidence in their government. （ D） came to believe the public opinion polls. 27 It seems that the author is most critical of the governments （ A） irresponsibility. （ B） interference. （ C） bureaucracy. （ D） inequality. 28 When mentio
34、ning “parcels of 80 to 160 acres“, the writer is talking about （ A） oil prospectors. （ B） trust payments. （ C） private property. （ D） land ownership. 29 What is the attitude of American Indians towards Gale Nortons proposal? （ A） Skeptical. （ B） Scornful. （ C） Annoyed. （ D） Indifferent. 30 Which of
35、the following is TRUE according the text? （ A） Trust funds have been placed in the hands of American Indians. （ B） Payments owed to American Indian have been indefinitely delayed. （ C） BIA deliberately leaves trust-fund records vulnerable to risks. （ D） American Indians should become increasingly vo
36、cal for justice. 31 The European Unions Barcelona summit, which ended on March 16th, was played out against the usual backdrop of noisy “anti-globalization“ demonstrations and massive security. If nothing else, the demonstrations illustrated that economic liberalization in Europe the meetings main t
37、opic presents genuine political difficulties. Influential sections of public opinion continue to oppose anything that they imagine threatens “social Europe“, the ideal of a cradle-to-grave welfare state. In this climate of public opinion, it is not surprising that the outcome in Barcelona was modest
38、. The totemic issue was opening up Europes energy markets. The French government has fought hard to preserve a protected market at home for its state-owned national champion, Electricite de France (EDF). At Barcelona it made a well-flagged tactical retreat. The summiteers concluded that from 2004 in
39、dustrial users across Europe would be able to choose from competing energy suppliers, which should account for “at least“ 60% of the market. Since Europes energy market is worth 350 billion ($309 billion) a year and affects just about every business, this is a breakthrough. But even the energy deal
40、has disappointing aspects. Confining competition to business users makes it harder to show that economic liberalization is the friend rather than the foe of the ordinary person. It also allows EDF to keep its monopoly in the most profitable chunk of the French market. In other areas, especially to d
41、o with Europes tough labor markets, the EU is actually going backwards. The summiteers declared that “disincentives against taking up jobs“ should be removed; 20m jobs should be created within the EU by 2010. But only three days after a Barcelona jamboree, the European Commission endorsed a new law
42、that would give all temporary-agency workers the same rights as full-timers within six weeks of getting their feet under the desk. Six out of 20 commissioners did, unusually, vote against the measure a blatant piece of re-regulation but the social affairs commissioner, Anna Diamantopoulou, was unrep
43、entant, indeed triumphant. A dissatisfied liberaliser in the commission called the directive “an absolute disaster“. The summits other achievements are still more fragile. Europes leaders promised to increase spending on “research and development“ from its current figure of 1.9% of GDP a year to 3%.
44、 But how will European politicians compel businesses to invest more in research? Nobody seems to know. And the one big research project agreed on at Barcelona, the Galileo satellite-positioning system, which is supposed to cost 3.2 billion of public money, is of dubious commercial value, since the E
45、uropeans already enjoy free access to the Americans GPA system. Edward Bannerman, head of economics at the Centre for European Reform, a Blairite think-tank, calls Galileo “the common agricultural policy in space“. 31 What is the passage mainly about? （ A） A review of EUs Barcelona summit. （ B） Abou
46、t merits of a EUs summit. （ C） A survey of Europes competitors. （ D） About the achievements of the EU. 32 The public launched a demonstrations against the summit with respect to （ A） political difficulties. （ B） its strong influence. （ C） imaginative ideals. （ D） its social welfare. 33 According to
47、this text, “anti-globalization“ is to “liberation“ as （ A） security is to “threats“. （ B） monopoly is to “competition“. （ C） publicity is to “privacy“. （ D） research is to “development“. 34 We learn from the text that Edward Bannerman is probably （ A） an enthusiast in agricultural policy. （ B） a tou
48、gh leader in social affairs. （ C） an doubter of spending on research. （ D） a pioneer in space exploration. 35 In the eyes of the author, the EUs Barcelona summit （ A） turned out to be rather disappointing. （ B） was as productive as expected. （ C） proved to be quite dissatisfactory. （ D） was not so f
49、ruitful as anticipated. 36 Everyday some 16m barrels of oil leave the Gulf through the Strait of Hormuz. That is enough to fill a soft-drink can for everyone on earth, or to power every motor vehicle on the planet for 25 miles (40 km). Gulf oil accounts for 40% of global trade in the sticky stuff. More important, it makes up two-thirds of known deposits. Whereas at present production rates the rest of the worlds oil reserves will last for a mere 25 years, the Gulf
