[考研类试卷]考研英语模拟试卷250及答案与解析.doc
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1、考研英语模拟试卷 250及答案与解析 一、 Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 1 In an ideal world, the nations elite schools would enroll the most qualified students. But thats not how it (1)_.Applicants whose p
2、arents are alums get special treatment, as (2)_ athletes and rich kids. Underrepresented minorities are also given (3)_. Thirty years of affirmative action have changed the character of (4)_ white universities; now about 13 percent of all undergraduates are black or Latino. (5)_ a recent study by th
3、e Century Foundation found that at the nations 146 most (6)_ schools, 74 percent of students came from upper middle-class and wealthy families, while only about 5 percent came from families with an annual income of (7)_ $35,000 or less. Many schools say diversity racial, economic and geographic is (
4、8)_ to maintaining intellectually (9)_ campuses. But Richard Kahlenberg of the Century Foundation says that even though colleges (10)_ they want poor kids, “they dont try very hard to find them“. (11)_ rural students, many colleges dont try at all. “Unfortunately, we go where we can (12)_ a sizable
5、number of potential applicants“, says Tulane admissions chief Richard Whiteside, who (13)_ aggressively and in person from metropolitan areas. Kids in rural areas get a glossy (14)_ in the mail. Even when poor rural students have the (15)_ for top colleges, their high schools often dont know how to
6、get them there. Admissions officers (16)_ guidance counselors to direct them to promising prospects. In (17)_ high schools, guidance counselors often have personal (18)_ with both kids and admissions officers. In rural areas, a teacher, a counselor or (19)_ an alumnus “can help put a rural student o
7、n our radar screen“, says Wesleyan admissions dean Nancy Meislahn. But poor rural schools rarely have college (20)_ with those connections; without them, admission “can be a crapshoot“, says Carnegie Mellons Steidel. ( A) promises ( B) tries ( C) works ( D) manages ( A) do ( B) are ( C) will ( D) be
8、 ( A) preference ( B) prejudice ( C) preposition ( D) preclusion ( A) strictly ( B) mostly ( C) generally ( D) honestly ( A) And ( B) But ( C) So ( D) Then ( A) excellent ( B) wealthy ( C) popular ( D) competitive ( A) mainly ( B) roughly ( C) totally ( D) exactly ( A) access ( B) basis ( C) key ( D
9、) solution ( A) vital ( B) smart ( C) interactive ( D) functional ( A) claim ( B) affirm ( C) insist ( D) declare ( A) Except for ( B) As for ( C) But for ( D) Just for ( A) require ( B) ensure ( C) locate ( D) generate ( A) admits ( B) accepts ( C) recalls ( D) recruits ( A) bronze ( B) broom ( C)
10、browser ( D) brochure ( A) guts ( B) grounds ( C) grades ( D) guarantees ( A) call on ( B) rely on ( C) try on ( D) hold on ( A) affluent ( B) affiliated ( C) alternative ( D) advanced ( A) innovations ( B) judgments ( C) relationships ( D) suggestions ( A) else ( B) so ( C) even ( D) if ( A) acquai
11、ntances ( B) executives ( C) tutors ( D) advisers Part A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points) 21 It might take only the touch of peach fuzz to make an autistic child howl in pain. The odour of the fruit could be so over
12、powering that he gags. For reasons that are not well understood, people with autism do not integrate all of their senses in ways that help them understand properly what they are experiencing. By the age of three, the signs of autism infrequent eye contact, over-sensitivity or under-sensitivity to th
13、e environment, difficulty mixing with others are in full force. There is no cure; intense behavioural therapies serve only to lessen the symptoms. The origins of autism are obscure. But a paper in Brain, a specialist journal, casts some light. A team headed by Marcel Just, of Carnegie Mellon Univers
14、ity, and Nancy Minshew, of the University of Pittsburgh, has found evidence of how the brains of people with autism function differently from those without the disorder. Using a brain-scanning technique called functional magnetic-resonance imaging(FMRI), Dr. Just, Dr. Minshew and their team compared
15、 the brain activity of young adults who had “high functioning“ autism (in which an autists IQ score is normal) with that of non-autistic participants. The experiment was designed to examine two regions of the brain known to be associated with language Brocas area and Wernickes area when the particip
16、ants were reading. Three differences emerged. First, Wernickes area, the part responsible for understanding individual words, was more active in autists than non-autists. Second, Brocas area where the components of language are integrated to produce meaningwas less active. Third, the activity of the
17、 two areas was less synchronised. This research has led Dr. Just to offer an explanation for autism, lie calls it “underconnectivity theory“. It depends on a recent body of work which suggests that the brains white matter (the wiring that connects the main Bodies of the nerve ceils, or grey matter,
18、together) is less dense and less abundant in the brain of an autistic person than in that of a non-autist. Dr. Just suggests that abnormal white matter causes the grey matter to adapt to the resulting lack of communication. This hones some regions to levels of superior ability, while others fall by
19、the wayside. The team chose to examine Brocas and Werniekes areas because language-based experiments are easy to conduct. But if the underconnectivity theory applies to the rest of the brain, too, it would be less of a mystery why some people with autism are hypersensitive to their environments, and
20、 others are able to do certain tasks, such as arithmetic, so well. And if it is true that underconnectivity is indeed the main problem, then treatments might be developed to stimulate the growth of the white-matter wiring. 21 Which of the following is true according to the first paragraph? ( A) The
21、smell of a peach can make an autistic person feel painful. ( B) Autistic persons have difficulty understanding their environment. ( C) The signs of autism begin to appear after the age of three. ( D) Behavioural therapies can be used to cure people of autism. 22 The paper by Dr. Just and Dr. Minshew
22、 is meant to examine _. ( A) the functions of different regions of the brain ( B) the differences of autism from other disorders ( C) the brains for the origins of autism ( D) the roles of Brocas area and Wernickes area 23 The “underconneetivity theory“ attributes autism to _. ( A) disproportion of
23、grey matter ( B) imbalance of brain functions ( C) deficiency in white matter ( D) insufficiency of communication 24 The authors attitude towards Dr. Just and Dr. Minshews work can be described as _. ( A) enthusiastic support ( B) absolute neutrality ( C) slight suspicion ( D) moderate approval 25 W
24、hat will the succeeding paragraph, should there be one, most probably discuss? ( A) Efforts to examine other brain areas of autistic persons. ( B) Ways to stimulate the growth of white matter wiring. ( C) Other problems autistic persons may suffer from. ( D) Mysteries why white matter is so importan
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