1、考研英语模拟试卷 255及答案与解析 一、 Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 1 In October 2002, Goldman Sachs and Deutsche Bank (1)_ a new electronic market ( for economic indices that (2)_ substantial economic
2、 risks, such as nonfarm payroll (a measure of job availability) and retail sales. This new market was made possible by a (3)_ trading technology, developed by Longitude, a New York company providing software for financial markets, (4)_ the Parimutuel Digital Call Auction. This is “digital“ (5)_ of a
3、 digital option: i.e., it pays out only if an underlying index lies in a narrow, discrete range. In effect, Longitude has created a horse race, where each “horse“ wins if and (6)_ the specified index falls in a specified range. By creating horses for every possible (7)_ of the index, and allowing pe
4、ople to bet (8)_ any number of runners, the company has produced a liquid integrated electronic market for a wide array of options on economic indices. Ten years ago it was (9)_ impossible to make use of electronic information about home values. Now, mortgage lenders have online automated valuation
5、models that allow them to estimate values and to (10)_ the risk in their portfolios. This has led to a proliferation of types of home loan, some of (11)_ have improved risk-management characteristics. We are also beginning to see new kinds of (12)_ for homes, which will make it possible to protect t
6、he value of (13)_, for most people, is the single most important (14)_ of their wealth. The Yale University-Neighbourhood Reinvestment Corporation programme, (15)_ last year in the city of Syracuse, in New York State, may be a model for home-equity insurance policies that (16)_ sophisticated economi
7、c indices of house prices to define the (17)_ of the policy. Electronic futures markets that are based on econometric indices of house prices by city, already begun by City Index and IG Index in Britain and now (18)_ developed in the United States, will enable home-equity insurers to hedge the risks
8、 that they acquire by writing these policies. These examples are not impressive successes yet. But they (19)_ as early precursors of a technology that should one day help us to deal with the massive risks of inequality that (20)_ will beset us in coming years. （ A） created （ B） generated （ C） initia
9、ted （ D） originated （ A） reproduce （ B） restore （ C） represent （ D） resume （ A） sophisticated （ B） expensive （ C） available （ D） established （ A） made （ B） called （ C） asked （ D） read （ A） in the course （ B） in the event （ C） in the light （ D） in the sense （ A） when （ B） until （ C） now that （ D） onl
10、y if （ A） extent （ B） range （ C） line （ D） area （ A） for （ B） in （ C） on （ D） up （ A） virtually （ B） admittedly （ C） absolutely （ D） originally （ A） assume （ B） assess （ C） dismiss （ D） erase （ A） them （ B） which （ C） that （ D） whom （ A） management （ B） insurance （ C） security （ D） techonology （ A）
11、what （ B） those （ C） where （ D） it （ A） guarantee （ B） protection （ C） component （ D） source （ A） secured （ B） sponsored （ C） released （ D） launched （ A） look to （ B） set up （ C） lay down （ D） rely on （ A） terms （ B） specifications （ C） concepts （ D） consequences （ A） is （ B） being （ C） been （ D） ar
12、e （ A） emerge （ B） appear （ C） stand （ D） arise （ A） somehow （ B） anyway （ C） otherwise （ D） thereby Part A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points) 21 It was the biggest scientific grudge match since the space race. The Ge
13、nome Wars had everything: two groups with appealing leaders ready to fight in a scientific dead heat, pushing the limits of technology and rhetoric as they battled to become the first to read every last one of the 3 billion DNA “letters“ in the human body. The scientific importance of the work is un
14、questionable. The completed DNA sequence is expected to give scientists unprecedented insights into the workings of the human body, revolutionizing medicine and biology. But the race itself, between the governments Human Genome Project and Rockville, Md., biotechnology company Celera Genomics, was a
15、t least partly symbolic, the public/private conflict played out in a genetic lab. Now the race is over. After years of public attacks and several failed attempts at reconciliation, the two sides are taking a step toward a period of calm. HOP head Francis Collins (and Ari Patrinos of the Department o
16、f Energy, an important ally on the government side) and Craig Venter, the founder of Celera, agreed to hold a joint press conference in Washington this Monday to declare that the race was over (sort of), that both sides had won (kind of) and that the hostilities were resolved (for the time being). N
17、o one is exactly sure how things will be different now. Neither side will be turning off its sequencing machines any time soon the “finish lines“ each has crossed are largely arbitrary points, “first drafts“ rather than the definitive version. And while the joint announcement brings the former Genom
18、e Warriors closer together than theyve been in years, insiders say I that future agreements are more likely to take the form of coordination, rather than outright collaboration. The conflict blew up this February when Britains Welcome Trust, an HGP participant, released a confidential letter to Cele
19、ra outlining the HGPs complaints. Venter called the move “a lowlife thing to do“, but by spring, there were the first signs of a thaw. “The attacks and nastiness are bad for science and our investors“, Venter told Newsweek in March, “and fighting back is probably not helpful“. At a cancer meeting ea
20、rlier this month, Venter and Collins praised each others approaches, and expressed hope that all of the scientists involved in sequencing the human genome would be able to share the credit By late last week, that hope was becoming a reality as details for Mondays joint announcement were hammered out
21、. Scientists in both camps welcomed an end to the hostilities. “If this ends the horse race, science wins“. With their difference behind them, or at least set aside, the scientists should now be able to get down to the interesting stuff, figuring how to make use of all that data. 21 The recent Genom
22、e Wars were symbolic of （ A） the enthusiasm in scientific research. （ B） the significance of the space race. （ C） the public versus private conflict. （ D） the prospect of the completion of DNA sequene. 22 The tone of the author in reporting the joint press conference this Monday is （ A） astonished.
23、（ B） enthusiastic. （ C） disappointed. （ D） objective. 23 It is implied in the third paragraph that （ A） the “finish lines“ does mean what it reads. （ B） the sequencing machines have stopped at the “finish lines“. （ C） the former warriors are now collaborators. （ D） both sides will work on independen
24、tly. 24 The word “thaw“ (Para. 4) most probably means （ A） aggravation in tension. （ B） improvement in relation. （ C） intensification in attacks. （ D） stoppage of coordination. 25 The critical thing facing the scientists is to （ A） apply the newly-found knowledge to the benefit of mankind. （ B） end
25、their horse race for the success of science. （ C） get down to their genome research. （ D） set their differences aside 26 At the start of the year, The Independent on Sunday argued that there were three overwhelming reasons why Iraq should not be invaded: there was no proof that Saddam posed an immin
26、ent threat; Iraq would be even more unstable as a result of its liberation; and a conflict would increase the threat posed by terrorists. What we did not know was that Tony Blair had received intelligence and advice that raised the very same points. Last weeks report from the Intelligence and Securi
27、ty Committee included the revelation that some of the intelligence had warned that a war against Iraq risked an increased threat of terrorism. Why did Mr. Blair not make this evidence available to the public in the way that so much of the alarmist intelligence on Saddams weapons was published? Why d
28、id he choose to ignore the intelligence and argue instead that the war was necessary, precisely because of the threat posed by international terrorism? There have been two parliamentary investigations into this war and the Hutton inquiry will reopen tomorrow. In their different ways they have been i
29、lluminating, but none of them has addressed the main issues relating to the war. The Foreign Affairs Committee had the scope to range widely, but chose to become entangled in the dispute between the Government and the BBC. The Intelligence Committee reached the conclusion that the Governments file o
30、n Saddams weapons was not mixed up, but failed to explain why the intelligence was so hopelessly wrong. The Hutton inquiry is investigating the death of Dr. David Kelly, a personal tragedy of marginal relevance to the war against Iraq. Tony Blair has still to come under close examination about his c
31、onduct in the building-up to war. Instead, the Defence Secretary, Geoff Hoon, is being fingered as if he were master-minding the war behind everyones backs from the Ministry of Defence. Mr. Hoon is not a minister who dares to think without consulting Downing Street first. At all times he would have
32、been dancing to Downing Streets tunes, Mr. Blair would be wrong to assume that he can draw a line under all of this by making Mr. Hoon the fall-guy. It was Mr. Blair who decided to take Britain to war, and a Cabinet of largely skeptical ministers that backed him. It was Mr. Blair who told MPs that u
33、nless Saddam was removed, terrorists would pose a greater global threat even though he had received intelligence that suggested a war would lead to an increase in terrorism. Parliament should be the forum in which the Prime Minister is called more fully to account, but lain Duncan Smiths support for
34、 the war has neutered an already inept opposition. In the absence of proper parliamentary scrutiny, it is left to newspapers like this one to keep asking the most important questions until the Prime Minister answers them. 26 We learn from the first two paragraphs that （ A） the evidence should have b
35、een made available to the Parliament. （ B） the necessity of war has been exaggerated by the Committee. （ C） Blair had purposely ignored some of the intelligence he received. （ D） it was The Independent that first revealed the intelligence. 27 The author thinks that the Hutton enquiry is （ A） also be
36、side the mark. （ B） hopelessly wrong. （ C） illuminating in its way. （ D） wide in scope 28 By “chose to become entangled“ (Para. 3), the author implies that （ A） the dispute between the Government and the BBC was unnecessary. （ B） the Foreign Affairs Committee had mixed up the argument. （ C） it was e
37、ntirely wrong to carry out such investigations. （ D） the Intelligence Committee shouldnt mix up with the affair. 29 It can be learned from Paragraph 4 that （ A） most ministers were suspicious of Hoons conduct. （ B） Hoon will not do anything without consulting Blair. （ C） Blair should not divert his
38、responsibility to his Cabinet. （ D） MPs think that it is Blair who drags the country into the war. 30 What is the authors attitude towards the Parliament? （ A） Indignant. （ B） Skeptical. （ C） Inquisitive. （ D） Critical. 31 Scholastic thinkers held a wide variety of doctrines in both philosophy and t
39、heology, the study of religion. What gives unity to the whole Scholastic movement, the academic practice in Europe from the 9th to the 17th centuries, are the common aims, attitudes, and methods generally accepted by all its members. The chief concern of the Scholastics was net to discover new facts
40、 but to integrate the knowledge already acquired separately by Greek reasoning and Christian revelation. This concern is one of the most characteristic differences between Scholasticism and modern thought since the Renaissance. The basic aim of the Scholastics determined certain common attitudes, th
41、e most important of which was their conviction of the fundamental harmony between reason and revelation. The Scholastics maintained that because the same God was the source of both types of knowledge and truth was one of his chief attributes, he could not contradict himself in these two ways of spea
42、king. Any apparent opposition between revelation and reason could be traced either to an incorrect use of reason or to an inaccurate interpretation of the words of revelation. Because the Scholastics believed that revelation was the direct teaching of God, it possessed for them a higher degree of tr
43、uth and certainty than did natural reason. In apparent conflicts between religious faith and philosophic reasoning, faith was thus always the supreme arbiter; the theologians decision overruled that of the philosopher. After the early 13th century, Scholastic thought emphasized more the independence
44、 of philosophy within its own domain. Nonetheless, throughout the Scholastic period, philosophy was called the servant of theology, not only because the truth of philosophy was subordinated to that of theology, but also because the theologian used philosophy to understand and explain revelation. Thi
45、s attitude of Scholasticism stands in sharp contrast to the so-called double-truth theory of the Spanish Arab philosopher and physician Averroes. His theory assumed that truth was accessible to both philosophy and Islamic theology but that only philosophy could attain it perfectly. The so-called tru
46、ths of theology served, hence, as imperfect imaginative expressions for the common people of the authentic truth accessible only to philosophy. Averroes maintained that philosophic truth could even contradict, at least verbally, the teachings of Islamic theology. As a result of their belief in the h
47、armony between faith and reason, the Scholastics attempted to determine the precise scope and competence of each of these faculties. Many early Scholastics, such as the Italian ecclesiastic and philosopher St. Anselm, did not clearly distinguish the two and were overconfident that reason could prove
48、 certain doctrines of revelation. Later, at the height of the mature period of Scholasticism, the Italian theologian and philosopher St. Thomas Aquinas worked out a balance between reason and revelation. 31 With the Scholastics, the search for new knowledge （ A） stopped completely, （ B） sped down. （
49、 C） advanced rapidly. （ D） awaked gradually. 32 Which of the following best illustrate the relation between reason and revelation? （ A） They are simply identical. （ B） Revelation guides reason. （ C） They are occasionally contradictory. （ D） Reason is used to perfect revelation. 33 It can be inferred from Paragraph 2 of the text that （ A） the position of philosophy as a humble servant was accepted. （ B） religion had turn into a hamper to the functioning of philoso
