1、考研英语模拟试卷 25及答案与解析 一、 Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 1 Making good coffee is not a simple business. Coffee bushes must be grown in shade. A hillside is best but it mustnt be too (1)_. Aft
2、er three years, the bushes will start to (2)_ bright-red coffee “cherries“, which are picked, processed to (3)_ the inner part, and spread out to dry for days, (4)_ on concrete. They are (5)_ again to separate the bean, which needs to rest, preferably for a few months. Only then can it be roasted, g
3、round and brewed (6)_ the stuff that dreams are suppressed with. In Mexico and parts of Central America, (7)_ in Colombia, most coffee farmers are smallholders. They found it especially hard to (8)_ the recent fall in the coffee price. The (9)_ of their income makes it hard for farmers to invest to
4、(10)_ their crop, says Fernando Celis. The fall forced many small farmers to (11)_ other crops, or migrate to cities. For farmers, one way out of this (12)_ is to separate the price they are paid (13)_ the international commodities markets. This is the (14)_ of Fair-trade, an organization which cert
5、ifies products as “responsibly“ sourced. Fair-trade determines at what price farmers make what it considers a (15)_ profit. Its current (16)_ is that the appropriate figure is 10% above the market price. (17)_, sales of Fair-trade-certified coffee have increased from $22.5m per year to $87m per year
6、 since 1998. This is still a tiny fraction of the overall world coffee trade, worth $10 billion (18)_ But there are plenty of other markets for high-quality coffee. Some small producers can (19)_ more by marketing their coffee as organic or “bird-friendly“ because, unlike large, mechanized plantatio
7、ns, they have (20)_ shade trees. （ A） steep （ B） high （ C） big （ D） wide （ A） make （ B） form （ C） produce （ D） manufacture （ A） deduct （ B） discard （ C） remove （ D） expel （ A） partly （ B） ideally （ C） particularly （ D） especially （ A） milled （ B） broken （ C） burst （ D） cracked （ A） on （ B） up （ C） o
8、f （ D） into （ A） thus （ B） as （ C） with （ D） by （ A） face up with （ B） deal with （ C） come up with （ D） bring with （ A） mobility （ B） shortage （ C） volatility （ D） regularity （ A） sustain （ B） contain （ C） undergo （ D） grow （ A） move to （ B） turn to （ C） come to （ D） switch to （ A） situation （ B） pr
9、oblem （ C） dilemma （ D） matter （ A） in （ B） for （ C） from （ D） to （ A） aim （ B） attitude （ C） option （ D） approach （ A） comfortable （ B） reasonable （ C） sensible （ D） available （ A） judgment （ B） calculation （ C） intension （ D） suggestion （ A） However （ B） Around （ C） In fact （ D） Worldwide （ A） ann
10、ually （ B） usually （ C） mainly （ D） entirely （ A） cost （ B） apply （ C） charge （ D） take （ A） revealed （ B） retracted （ C） retained （ D） reshaped Part A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points) 21 Internet advertising is boo
11、ming. The industry has gone from $9.6 billion in revenue in 2001 to $27 billion this year, according to Piper Jaffray, an investment bank. And it is still early days. The internet accounts for only 5% of total spending on advertising, but that figure is expected to reach at least 20% in the next few
12、 years. The single largest category within this flourishing industry, accounting for nearly half of all spending, is “pay-per-click“ advertising, which is used by firms both large and small to promote their wares. The benefits of the pay-per-click approach over traditional advertising (television, r
13、adio, print and billboards) are obvious. Since advertisers pay only to reach the small subset who actually respond to an advertisement, the quality of the leads generated is very high, and advertisers are prepared to pay accordingly. The price: per click varies from $0.10 to as much as $30, dependin
14、g on the keyword, though the average is around $0.50. Google made most of its $6.1 billion in revenue last year from pay-per-click advertising. But as pay-per-click advertising has grown into a huge industry, concern has mounted over so-called “click fraud“ bogus clicks that do not come from genuine
15、ly interested customers. It takes two main forms. If you click repeatedly on the advertisements on your own website, or get other people or machines to do so on your behalf, you can generate a stream of bogus commissions. Click fraud can also be used by one company against another: clicking on a riv
16、al firms advertisements can saddle it with a huge bill. Bogus clicks are thought to account for around 10% of all click traffic, though nobody knows for sure. A few months ago Mr. Gross pioneered an alternative to the pay-per-click model. In February, Snap, a search engine backed by Mr. Gross, launc
17、hed “pay-per-action“ (PPA), a new model in which advertisers pay only if a click on an ad is followed by an action such as a purchase or a download. Might this put an end to click fraud? Dont bet on it, says Mike Zeman at Starcom, an advertising agency. Payper-action will be a niche, he predicts, si
18、nce converting a click into an action depends on a variety of factors such as the ease of use of the advertisers website. Google and its peers will be reluctant to be so dependent on factors outside their control. But Mr. Tobaccowala thinks pay-per-action could become a real alternative to pay-per-c
19、lick. As bigger companies spend more on internet advertising; they will demand more accountability and a wider range of options, he says. At the very least, that means clamping down on click fraud; but it also presents an opportunity for entrepreneurs to invent new models that are less vulnerable to
20、 abuse. 21 The situation of “pay-per-click“ advertising can be described as _. （ A） a fresh industry. （ B） an efficient tool to attract the consumers. （ C） the trend of internet advertising. （ D） the good choice for both large and small companies. 22 The price per click depends on the keyword, becau
21、se _. （ A） the keyword will attract consumers to visit the advertisers website. （ B） the keyword relates to the commission. （ C） the keyword will reflect the consumers hobbies. （ D） the keyword is the main part of the product. 23 The advertisers and the website operators have the conflict caused by
22、_. （ A） the fraud click. （ B） the ignoring of fraud-detection from website operators. （ C） losing money in “pay-per-click“ advertising. （ D） whether the PPA model should be used. 24 The PPA will become more popular due to _. （ A） the shortcoming of pay-per-click. （ B） the fraud click. （ C） the punis
23、hment for click fraud. （ D） the adoption of leading operators. 25 Which of the following is true of the text? （ A） Although the risk exists, the internet advertising still can earn a lot of profit, （ B） The PPA will substitute the original click advertising model. （ C） All operators start to satisfy
24、 the advertisers by using PPA. （ D） The entrepreneurs are pleasantly surprised by the temporary solution. 26 Kevin Hines, a manic-depressive, was 19 and in one of his weekly downswings on an overcast Monday morning in 2000. He went to the nearby Golden Gate Bridge to kill himself mostly because, wit
25、h only a four-foot (1.2-metre) railing to leap, “I figured it was the easiest way“. He dived over, but flipped and hit the water at 75mph with his feet first. His legs were crushed, but he somehow stayed conscious and started paddling with his upper body until the Coast Guard fished him out. Mr. Hin
26、es is one of 26 people who have survived suicide attempts at the bridge, but 1,223 are known to have succeeded (i.e., were seen jumping or found floating). People are throwing themselves off the bridge at the rate of two a month, which makes it the most popular place in the world for suicides. One b
27、ook on the subject says that the Golden Gate is “to suicide what Niagara Falls is to honeymooners“. Many San Franciscans think that the solution is to emulate the Empire State Building, the Sydney Harbour Bridge, the Eiffel Tower, St. Peters basilica and other such places and put up a simple barrier
28、. This, however, is a decision for the 19 board members of the Golden Gate Bridge, Highway and Transportation District, an entity that oversees the bridge itself and the buses and ferries that operate in the area. Most of its revenues come from tolls and fares, and the district loses money. A barrie
29、r would cost between $15 million and $25 million. So the Psychiatric Foundation of Northern California, which has adopted the barrier as its cause, considers it a success that the board has merely allowed a feasibility study, for which various private and public donors have raised $2 million. Mel Bl
30、austein, a director at the foundation, has heard several arguments against a barrier over the years too ugly, too expensive, and so forth but the most persistent has been that people would simply kill themselves somewhere else, so why bother? This is nonsense, he says, “Most suicides are impulsive a
31、nd preventable“. A bridge without a barrier, adds Pat Hines, Kevins father, is “like leaving a loaded gun in the psychiatric ward“. 26 Kevin Hines choose to commit suicide at such an early age in that _. （ A） he suffered a disease which caused him gloomy and crazy. （ B） he found an easiest way to en
32、d up his life. （ C） he was in his periodical decline and out of his senses. （ D） he found the Golden Gate Bridge a suitable place to do so. 27 Why does the author mention Niagara Falls and honeymooners? （ A） Because Niagara Falls and honeymooners are as well-known as the Golden Gate Bridge. （ B） Bec
33、ause Niagara Falls is the resort for couples who spend their holidays. （ C） Because Niagara Falls attracts honeymooners the same way the Bridge does to suicides. （ D） Because Niagara Falls is a magnificent place for honeymooners to gather around there. 28 It can be inferred from the passage that the
34、 board of the Golden Gate Bridge will _. （ A） raise enough money to start the project which can prevent suicides. （ B） not raise the money because they cannot make both ends meet. （ C） raise money for the prevention project reluctantly from society. （ D） abandon the plan to add equipment to prevent
35、sad people from death. 29 What will the author mention after Paragraph 4? （ A） Some examples that bridges with barriers saved many peoples lives. （ B） Some suicides were successfully prevented. （ C） Some barriers over bridges are accepted both ornamentally and financially. （ D） Some barriers over br
36、idges are in progress. 30 What is the authors attitude towards the foundation of barriers over the bridge? （ A） Optimistic. （ B） Critical. （ C） Biased. （ D） Objective. 31 “Whats the difference between God and Larry Ellison?“ asks an old software industry joke. Answer: God doesnt think hes Larry Elli
37、son. The boss of Oracle is hardly alone among corporate chiefs in having a reputation for being rather keen on himself. Indeed, until the bubble burst and the public turned nasty at the start of the decade, the cult of the celebrity chief executive seemed to demand bossly narcissism, as evidence tha
38、t a firm was being led by an all-conquering hero. Narcissus in Greek myth met a nasty end, of course. And in recent years, boss-worship has come to be seen as bad for business. In his management besteller, Good to Great, Jim Collins argued that the truly successful bosses were not the self-proclaime
39、d stars who adorn the covers of Forbes and Fortune, but instead self-effacing, thoughtful, monkish sorts who lead by inspiring example. A statistical answer may be at hand. For the first time, a new study, “Its All About Me“, to be presented next week at the annual gathering of the American Academy
40、of Management, offers a systematic, empirical analysis of what effect narcissistic bosses have on the firms they run. The authors, Arijit Chatterjee and Donald Hambriek, of Pennsylvania State University, examined narcissism in the upper echelons of 105 firms in the computer, and software industries.
41、 To do this, they had to solve a practical problem: studies of narcissism have hitherto relied on surveying individuals personally, something for which few chief executives are likely to have time or inclination. So the authors devised an index of narcissism using six publicly available indicators o
42、btainable without the co-operation of the boss. These are: the prominence of the bosss photo in the annual report; his prominence in company press releases; the length of his “Whos Who“ entry; the frequency of his use of the first person singular in interviews; and the ratios of his cash and non-cas
43、h compensation to those of the firms second-highest paid executive. Narcissism naturally drives people to seek positions of power and influence, and because great self-esteem helps your professional advance, say the authors, chief executives will tend on average to be more narcissistic than the gene
44、ral population. How does that affect a firm? Messrs Chatterjee and Hambrick found that highly narcissistic bosses tended to make bigger changes in the use of important resources, such as research and development, or in spending and leverage; they carried out more and bigger mergers and acquisitions;
45、 and their results were both more extreme (more big wins or big losses) and more volatile than those of firms run by their humbler peers. For shareholders, that could be good or bad. 31 The author uses the example of Larry Ellison to show that _. （ A） people conceive of the boss as an all-conquering
46、 hero. （ B） the chief executive is an essential person in corporation. （ C） lots of bosses always show their narcissistic trait. （ D） the truly successful bosses are those who love themselves. 32 The word “self-effacing“ in the last sentence of Paragraph 2 most probably means _. （ A） decent. （ B） op
47、timistic. （ C） intelligent. （ D） modest. 33 Which of the following is NOT the feature of the bosss narcissism? （ A） The ratios of his cash and non-cash compensation to those of the firms second-highest paid executive. （ B） The kind of people in his “Whos Who“ entry. （ C） The rate of occurrence of hi
48、s use of the first person singular in interviews. （ D） The conspicuousness of the bosss photo in the annual report. 34 It can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that _. （ A） the narcissistic boss like to do a lot of research in spending and leverage. （ B） the boss is rather keen on himself than his subord
49、inate. （ C） the narcissistic bosss always got the outstanding achievement. （ D） the person who seeks positions of power and influence will become narcissistic. 35 The best title for the text may be _. （ A） Its All About Me: Is the Boss an All-conquering Hero. （ B） The Brand of Me: Does the Boss in Your Corporation Have Narcissism. （ C） Narcissistic Boss: To Be Or Not To Be. （ D） The Studies of Narcissism. 36 To Journalists, thr
