1、考研英语模拟试卷 266及答案与解析 一、 Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 1 The communications explosion is on the scale of the rail, automobile or telephone revolution. Very soon youll be able to record you
2、r entire life (1)_ anything a microphone or a camera can sense you Il be able to (2)_. In particular, the number of images a person captures in a lifetime is set to rise exponentially. The thousand (3)_ a year I take of my children on a digital camera are all precious to me. (4)_ a generations time,
3、 my childrens children will have total image documentation of their entire lives a (5)_ log of tremendous personal value. By then well be wrestling with another question: how we control all the electronic (6)_ connected to the internet: trillions of PCs, laptops, cell phones and other gadgets. In Ca
4、mbridge, were already working (7)_ millimetre-square computing and sensing devices that can be linked to the internet through the radio network. This sort of (8)_ will expand dramatically (9)_ microscopic communications devices become dirt-cheap and multiply. Just imagine (10)_ the paint on the wall
5、 could do if it had this sort of communications dust in it: change colour, play music, show movies or even speak to you. (11)_ costs raise other possibilities too. (12)_ launching space vehicles is about to become very much cheaper, the number of satellites is likely to go up exponentially. Theres l
6、ots of (13)_ up there so we could have millions of them. And if you have millions of loworbit satellites, you can establish a (14)_ communications network that completely does away with towers and masts. If the satellites worked on the cellular principle so you got spatial reuse of frequencies, syst
7、em (15)_ would be amazing. Speech is so (16)_ that I expect voice communication to become almost free eventually: you 11 pay just a monthly fixed (17)_ and be able to make as many calls as you want. By then people will also have fixed links with business (18)_, friends and relatives. One day I (19)_
8、 being able to keep in touch with my family in Poland on a fibreoptic audio-video (20)_; well be able to have a little ceremony at supper-time, open the curtains and sit down “together“ to eat. （ A） electrically （ B） electronically （ C） automatically （ D） technically （ A） reserve （ B） conserve （ C）
9、restore （ D） store （ A） pictures （ B） images （ C） drawings （ D） episodes （ A） During （ B） After （ C） In （ D） Between （ A） visual （ B） video （ C） digital （ D） audio （ A） equipments （ B） devices （ C） appliances （ D） novelties （ A） to （ B） on （ C） for （ D） with （ A） conversion （ B） interaction （ C） con
10、nectivity （ D） continuity （ A） as （ B） if （ C） after （ D） before （ A） what （ B） that （ C） which （ D） as （ A） Increasing （ B） Falling （ C） Reducing （ D） Rfocketing （ A） When （ B） Though （ C） If （ D） Because （ A） distance （ B） vacancy （ C） space （ D） gap （ A） universal （ B） global （ C） solar （ D） luna
11、r （ A） capacity （ B） capability （ C） competency （ D） content （ A） intricate （ B） available （ C） flexible （ D） fluctuant （ A） subsidy （ B） charge （ C） tuition （ D） revenue （ A） contacts （ B） communications （ C） conversations （ D） interactions （ A） anticipate （ B） intend （ C） expect （ D） dream （ A） ro
12、ute （ B） tunnel （ C） link （ D） path Part A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points) 21 Earlier this summer Arnold Schwarzenegger, Californias governor, said that the states penal system was “falling apart in front of our ve
13、ry eyes“. Indeed so. Some 172,000 inmates are crowded into institutions from the states 33 prisons to its 12 “community correctional facilities“ that are meant to house fewer than 90,000. Drug abuse is rampant; so too are diseases such as HIV and hepatitis C. Race-based gangs pose the constant threa
14、t of violence, riot and even murder. And with more than 16,000 prisoners sleeping in prison gymnasiums and classrooms, rehabilitation programs are virtually non-existent which helps to explain why two-thirds of Californias convicts, the highest rate in the country, are back in prison within three ye
15、ars of being released. Will the governors summons of a special session of the state legislature, beginning this week, bring a remedy? The reason for the session is to discuss Mr. Schwarzeneggers request for almost $5.8 billion of public money to be pumped into the prison system. Bonds for $2 billion
16、 would finance ten 500-bed “re-entry facilities“ for prisoners nearing the end of their sentences; another $2 billion would expand existing prisons; $1.2 billion would be earmarked for two new prisons; and $500m would go for new prison hospitals. Money alone will provide neither an immediate solutio
17、n nor a lasting one. The first problem is that California simply puts too many offenders in prison. The imprisonment rate, which has risen almost eight-fold since 1970 and is way ahead of any European country, has consistently meant overcrowding despite the construction of 22 new prisons in the past
18、 20 years. The 1994 “three-strikes“ law, approved by voters in a referendum, means handing out 25-years-to-life sentences for often trivial third offences-and results in the growing presence in prison of elderly inmates who cost the taxpayer far more than the average of $34,000 a prisoner. Meanwhile
19、, the practice of returning parole violators to prison, even for relatively trivial missteps such as missing a drugs test, also strains the system; some 11% of inmates are parole violators. Added to all these are more than 5,000 illegal immigrants being held on behalf of the federal government. The
20、second problem is that any attempt to reform Californias penal policy becomes hostage to politics. Two years ago, the governor was expressing optimism. He added the word “rehabilitation“ to Californias department of corrections, appointed Rod Hickman, a reform-minded former prison guard, to oversee
21、the system and promised to lessen the power of the 31,000-strong prison guards union, not least by breaking the “code of silence“ that protects corrupt or violent guards. But that was then. The reality now is that Mr. Hickman resigned in March. Evidence indicates that the governors office may have g
22、iven the code of silence in Californias prisons a new lease on life. Many experts say that with no moderation in sentencing policies on the horizon, the prison population is expected to grow by another 21,000 over the next five yearsenough to outpace any prison-building program. Thus, the dream of p
23、rison reforms will never touch the ground. 21 By quoting governor Schwarzeneggers remark, the author intends to （ A） emphasize the fact that Schwarzenegger is still in his office. （ B） show the fact that drug abuse is rampant in prisons. （ C） point out that California has the highest convict rate in
24、 the US. （ D） introduce the topic of overcrowding problem in California prisons. 22 According to the passage, California has the highest rate of returning prisoners because （ A） the prisons in California are too crowded. （ B） the prisons failed to rehabilitate the prisoners. （ C） the prisoners can s
25、leep in the gymnasiums and classrooms. （ D） the prisoners are released after only three years of imprisonment. 23 Arnold Schwarzenegger calls for a legislation session because （ A） he wants to raise more money to enhance prison facilities. （ B） he believes public money should be responsible for pris
26、on construction. （ C） he realizes the problem with prisons is a lack of investment. （ D） he plans to win a second term for his governorship. 24 Which of the following is true about the “three-strikes“ law? （ A） It actually wastes more resources in terms of finance. （ B） It is approved by voters to s
27、ave money for the taxpayers. （ C） It severely punishes those who violate the law for the third time. （ D） It increases the cost of keeping a prisoner to $34,000. 25 It can be inferred from the passage that （ A） the “code of silence“ often helps protect guards from violence. （ B） the governors office
28、 has decided to give a new life to the prisons. （ C） the solution to overpopulation in prisons lies in softening sentences. （ D） the prison population calls for more prison-building programs. 26 When Ted Kennedy gazes from the windows of his office in Boston, he can see the harbors “Golden Stairs, w
29、here all eight of his great-grandparents first set foot in America. It reminds him, he told his Senate colleagues this week, that reforming Americas immigration laws is an “awesome responsibility“. Mr. Kennedy is the Democrat most prominently pushing a bipartisan bill to secure the border, ease the
30、national skills shortage and offer a path to citizenship for the estimated 12m illegal aliens already in the country. He has a steep climb ahead of him. As drafted, the bill seeks to mend Americas broken immigration system in several ways. First, and before its other main provisions come into effect
31、, it would tighten border security. It provides for 200 miles (320 km) of vehicle barriers, 370 miles of fencing and 18,000 new border patrol agents. It calls for an electronic identification system to ensure employers verily that all their employees are legally allowed to work. And it stiffens puni
32、shments for those who knowingly hire illegals. As soon as the bill was unveiled, it was stoned from all sides. Christans, mostly Republicans, denounced it as an “amnesty“ that would encourage further waves of illegal immigration. Tom Tancredo, a Republican congressman running for president (without
33、hope of success) on an anti-illegal-immigration platform, demanded that all but the border-security clauses be scrapped. Even these he derided as “so limited its almost a joke“. Conservative talkradio echoed his call. No one is seriously proposing mass deportation, but Mr. Tancredo says the illegals
34、 will all go home if the laws against hiring them are vigorously enforced. Most labor unions are skeptical, too. The AFL-CIO denounced the guest-worker program, which it said would give employers “a ready pool of labor that they can exploit to drive down wages, benefits, health and safety protection
35、s“ for everyone else. Two Democratic senators tried to gut the program. One failed to abolish it entirely; another succeeded in slashing it from 400 000 to 200,000 people a year. Employers like the idea of more legal migrants but worry that the new system will be cumbersome. Many object to the idea
36、that they will have to check the immigration status of all their employees. The proposed federal computer system to sort legal from illegal workers is bound to make mistakes. Even ff only one employee in a hundred is falsely labeled illegal, that will cause a lot of headaches. And the points system
37、has drawbacks, too. Employers are better placed than bureaucrats to judge which skills are in short supply. That is why the current mess has advantages illegal immigrants nearly always go where their labor is in demand. Other groups have complaints, too. Immigrant-rights groups say that the path to
38、citizenship would be too long and arduous and too few Hispanics would qualify. Nancy Pelosi, the Democratic speaker of the House, fretted that the new stress on skills would hurt families, adding that her party is “about families and family values“. Some people worry that House Democrats will kill i
39、t to prevent Mr. Bush from enjoying a domestic success. Despite the indignation, public opinion favors the underlying principles. At least 60% of Americans want to give illegals a chance to become citizens if they work hard and behave. 26 Ted Kennedy is mentioned in the first paragraph to （ A） intro
40、duce the main topic of immigration law reforming. （ B） remind the Senate that they have an awesome responsibility. （ C） stress the importance of securing the border and easing skills shortage. （ D） emphasize the fact that even a Senator is a descendant of immigrants. 27 Which of the following is tru
41、e about the present bill? （ A） The bill is widely supported by various political strips. （ B） The bill will impose severe punishment on illegal immigrants. （ C） The bill is designed to improve American immigration system. （ D） The bill will ensure that no illegals are knowingly hired. 28 The word “s
42、toned“(line 1, paragraph 3) most probably means （ A） stiffened. （ B） constructed. （ C） criticized. （ D） supported 29 It can inferred from the passage that （ A） the common citizens in the US tend to accept well-behaved illegals. （ B） the democrats would do anything to prevent Bush from achieving succ
43、ess. （ C） employers are the only group that enthusiastically support the new bill. （ D） illegal immigrants always know where their skills are in great demand. 30 The authors attitude towards this immigration reform seems to be （ A） supportive. （ B） objective. （ C） confused. （ D） optimistic 31 Prince
44、 Klemens Von Metternich, foreign minister of the Austrian Empire during the Napoleonic era and its aftermath, would have no trouble recognizing Google. To him, the worlds most popular web-search engine would closely resemble the Napoleonic France that in his youth humiliated Austria and Europes othe
45、r powers. Its rivals Yahoo!, the largest of the traditional web gateways, eBay, the biggest online auction and trading site, and Microsoft, a software empire that owns MSN, a struggling web portal would look a lot like Russia, Prussia, and Austria. Metternich responded by forging an alliance among t
46、hose three monarchies to create a “balance of power“ against France. Googles enemies, he might say, ought now to do the same thing. Google announced two new conquests on August 7th. It struck a deal with Viacom, an “old“ media firm, under which it will syndicate video clips from Viacom brands such a
47、s MTV and Nickelodeon to other websites, and integrate advertisements into them. This makes Google the clear leader in the fledgling but promising market for web-video advertising. It also announced a deal with News Corporation, another media giant, under which it will pro- vide all the search and t
48、ext-advertising technology on News Corporations websites, including MySpace, an enormously popular social-networking site. These are hard blows for Yahoo! and MSN, which had also been negotiating with News Corporation. Both firms have been losing market share in web search to Google over the past ye
49、ar Google now has half the market. They have also fallen further behind in their advertising technologies and networks, so that both make less money than Google does from the same number of searches. Sara Rashtchy, an analyst at Piper Jaffray, a securities firm, estimates that for every advertising dollar that Google makes on a search query, Yahoo! makes only 60-70 cents. Last month Yahoo! said that a new advertising algorithm that it had designed to close the g
