1、考研英语模拟试卷 270及答案与解析 一、 Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 1 With the spread of inter-active electronic media a man alone in his own home will never have been so well placed to fill the inexpl
2、icable mental space between cradle and crematorium. So I suspect that books will be pushed more and more into those moments of travel or difficult defecation (1)_ people still dont quite know what to do with. When people do read, I think theyll want to feel they are reading literature, or (2)_ somet
3、hing serious. (3)_ youre going to find fewer books presenting themselves as no-nonsense and (4)_ assuming literary pretensions and being packaged as works of art. We can expect an extraordinary variety of genre, but with an underlying (5)_ of sentiment and vision. Translators can only (6)_ from this
4、 desire for the presumably sophisticated. We can look forward to lots of difficult names and fantastic stories of foreign parts enthusiastically (7)_ by the overall worship of the “global village“. Much of this will be awful and some wonderful, (8)_ dont expect the press or the organizers of prizes
5、to offer you much help in making the appropriate distinctions. They will be chiefly (9)_ in creating celebrity, the greatest enemy of discrimination, but a good prop for the (10)_ consumer. Every ethnic grouping over the world will have to be seen to have a great writer a phenomenon that will (11)_
6、a new kind of provincialism, more chronological than geographic, (12)_ only the strictly contemporary is talked about and (13)_ Universities, including Cambridge, will include (14)_ their literature syllabus novels, written only last year. (15)_ occasional exhumation for the Nobel, the achievements
7、of ten or only five years ago will be largely forgotten. In short, you cant go too far wrong when predicting more of the same. But there is a (16)_ side to this the inevitable reaction against it. The practical things I would like to see happen publishers seeking less to (17)_ celebrity through extr
8、avagant advertising, (18)_ and magazines (19)_ space to reflective pieces are rather more improbable than the Second Coming(耶稣复临 ). But dullness never quite darkens the whole planet. In their own idiosyncratic fashion a few writers will (20)_ be looking for new departures. （ A） when （ B） that （ C） w
9、hich （ D） where （ A） in particular （ B） in general （ C） at least （ D） by contrast （ A） So （ B） Yet （ C） Once （ D） Since （ A） fewer （ B） more （ C） less （ D） much （ A） variety （ B） mechanism （ C） monotone （ D） conformity （ A） benefit （ B） derive （ C） differ （ D） deviate （ A） contaminated （ B） containe
10、d （ C） sustained （ D） maintained （ A） but （ B） so （ C） for （ D） as （ A） dedicated （ B） concerned （ C） engaged （ D） preoccupied （ A） devoted （ B） confused （ C） sensible （ D） isolated （ A） lead to （ B） point to （ C） come to （ D） turn to （ A） which （ B） where （ C） when （ D） what （ A） admired （ B） admit
11、ted （ C） abdicated （ D） adhered （ A） at （ B） in （ C） on （ D） for （ A） Given （ B） Considering （ C） Barring （ D） Concerning （ A） negative （ B） positive （ C） paradoxical （ D） controversial （ A） prevent （ B） explore （ C） prohibit （ D） generate （ A） Newspapers （ B） Books （ C） Media （ D） Periodicals （ A）
12、gives （ B） giving （ C） to give （ D） give （ A） always （ B） never （ C） seldom （ D） hardly Part A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points) 21 A factory that makes uranium fuel for nuclear reactors had a spill so bad it kept th
13、e plant closed for seven months last year and became one of only three events in all of 2006 serious enough for the Nuclear Regulatory Commission to include in an annual report to Congress. After an investigation, the commission changed the terms of the factorys license and said the public had 20 da
14、ys to request a hearing on the changes. But no member of the public ever did. In fact, no member of the public could find out about the changes. The document describing them, including the notice of hearing rights for anyone who felt adversely affected, was stamped “official use only“, meaning that
15、it was not publicly accessible. The agency would not even have told Congress which factory was involved were it not for the efforts of Gregory B. Jaczko, one of the five commissioners. Mr. Jaczko identified the company, Nuclear Fuel Services of Erwin, Tenn, in a memorandum that became part of the pu
16、blic record. His memorandum said other public documents would allow an informed person to deduce that the factory belonged to Nuclear Fuel Services. Such secrecy by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission is now coming under attack by influential members of Congress. These lawmakers argue that the agency
17、is withholding numerous documents about nuclear facilities in the name of national security, but that many withheld documents are not sensitive. The lawmakers say the agency must rebalance its penchant for secrecy with the publics right to participate in the licensing process and its right to know a
18、bout potential hazards. The agency, the congressmen said, “has removed hundreds of in nocuous documents relating to the N.F.S. plant from public view“. With a resurgence of nuclear plant construction expected after a 30-year hiatus, agency officials say frequently that they are trying to strike a ba
19、lance between winning public confidence by regulating openly and protecting sensitive information. A commission spokesman, Scott Burnell, said the “official use only“ designation was under review. As laid out by the commissions report to Congress and other sources, the event at the Nuclear Fuel Serv
20、ice factory was discovered when a supervisor saw a yellow liquid dribbling under a door and into a hallway. Workers had previously described a yellow liquid in a “glove box“, a sealed container with gloves built into the sides to allow a technician to manipulate objects inside, but managers had deci
21、ded it was ordinary uranium. In fact, it was highly enriched uranium that had been declared surplus from the weapons inventory of the Energy Department and sent to the plant to be diluted to a strength appropriate for a civilian reactor. If the material had gone critical, “it is likely that at least
22、 one worker would have received an exposure high enough to cause acute health effects or death“, the commission said. Generally, the Nuclear Regulatory Commission does describe nuclear incidents and changes in licenses. But in 2004, according to the committees letter, the Office of Naval Reactors, p
23、art of the Energy Department, reached an agreement with the commission that any correspondence with Nuclear Fuel Services would be marked “official use only“. 21 Why did no member of the public request any hearing? （ A） Because the general public often show no interest in such matters. （ B） Because
24、the hearing rights of the public are adversely affected. （ C） Because the public has stamped the documents “official use only“. （ D） Because the public are not aware of the changes in the first place. 22 It can be inferred from the first three paragraphs that （ A） the public have access to Mr. Jaczk
25、os memorandum. （ B） the agency never told Congress which factory was involved. （ C） the Nuclear Fuel Services is a non-profitable government company. （ D） documents marked “Official Use Only“ axe accessible to the informed. 23 NRC is criticized by Congress members chiefly because （ A） law makers dra
26、w the conclusion that NRC has illegal documents. （ B） they think NRC is hiding more information than it should be. （ C） the public have the rights to know any potential hazards. （ D） they think nuclear facilities are not a matter of national security. 24 The word “innocuous“(last sentence, paragraph
27、 4) is closest in meaning to （ A） insensitive. （ B） confidential. （ C） innocent. （ D） harmful 25 Which of the following is true according to the text? （ A） The 2006 incidence occurred because of the carelessness of a supervisor. （ B） Yellow liquids in a glove box should always be handled with heed.
28、（ C） Highly enriched uranium can be diluted for civilian uses. （ D） At least one worker has been seriously affected in the 2006 incidence. 26 The history of modern pollution problems shows that most have resulted from negligence and ignorance. We have an appalling tendency to interfere with nature b
29、efore all of the possible consequences of our actions have been studied in depth. We produce and distribute radioactive substances, synthetic chemicals and many other potent compounds before fully comprehending their effects on living organisms. Our education is dangerously incomplete. It will be ar
30、gued that the purpose of science is to move into unknown territory, to explore, and to discover. It can be said that similar risks have been taken before, and that these risks are necessary to technological progress. These arguments overlook an important element. In the past, risks taken in the name
31、 of scientific progress were restricted to a small place and brief period of time. The effects of the processes we now strive to master are neither localized nor brief. Air pollution covers vast urban areas. Ocean pollutants have been discovered in nearly every part of the world. Synthetic chemicals
32、 spread over huge stretches of forest and farmland may remain in the soil for decades and years to come. Radioactive pollutants will be found in the biosphere for generations. The size and persistence of these problems have grown with the expanding power of modern science. One might also argue that
33、the hazards of modern pollutants are small compared with the dangers associated with other human activity. No estimate of the actual harm done by smog, fallout, or chemical residues can obscure the reality that the risks are being taken before being fully understood. The importance of these issues l
34、ies in the failure of science to predict and control human intervention into natural processes. The true measure of the danger is represented by the hazards we will encounter if we enter the new age of technology without first evaluating our responsibility to environment. 26 Which of the following a
35、djectives may best describe the tone of this text? （ A） Unconcerned. （ B） Humorous. （ C） Serious. （ D） Exaggerated. 27 The text is mainly about. （ A） the nature of scientific progress. （ B） the relationship between the progress of science and pollution. （ C） .certain factors that harm the circumstan
36、ce. （ D） the awareness of our responsibility to environment. 28 The author would most probably agree that the origin of environmental pollution lies in （ A） the indifference to the condition of the environment. （ B） the lack of the ability to control the progress of science. （ C） the inability of sc
37、ience to deal with certain human endeavors. （ D） the ignorance of the disposal of pollutants. 29 As used in the second sentence of the first paragraph, the phrase “in depth“ means （ A） fully and thoroughly. （ B） distantly and remotely. （ C） seriously and extent. （ D） strongly and unpleasantly. 30 Wh
38、at the people really ignore in the debate is that （ A） the effects of the modern pollutants on the living organisms. （ B） the present situation is remarkedly different from the past. （ C） the stress of progress of science to the neglect of environmental protection. （ D） the serious consequence follo
39、wed by the development of science. 31 Most of the people who appear most often and most gloriously in the history books are great conquerors and generals and soldiers, whereas the people who really helped civilization forward are often never mentioned at all. We do not know who first set a broken le
40、g, or launched a seaworthy boat, or calculated the length of the year, or manured a field; but we know all about the killers and destroyers. People think a great deal of them, so much so that on all the highest pillars in the great cities of the world you will find the figure of a conqueror or a gen
41、eral or a soldier. And I think most people believe that the greatest countries are those that have beaten in battle the greatest number of other countries and ruled over them as conquerors. It is just possible they are, but they are not the most civilized. Animals fight; so do savages; hence to be g
42、ood at fighting is to be good in the way in which an animal or a savage is good, but it is not to be civilized. Even being good at getting other people to fight for you and telling them how to do it most efficiently this, after all, is what conquerors and generals have done is not being civilized. P
43、eople fight to settle quarrels. Fighting means killing, and civilized peoples ought to be able to find some way of settling their disputes other than by seeing which side can kill off the greater number of the other side, and then saying that that side which has killed most has worn And not only has
44、 won, but, because it has won, has been in the right. For that is what going to war means; it means saying that might is right. That is what the story of mankind has on the whole been like. Even our own age has fought the two greatest wars in history, in which millions of people were killed or mutil
45、ated. And while today it is true that people do not fight and kill each other in the streets while, that is to say, we have got to the stage of keeping the rules and behaving properly to each other in daily life nations and countries have not learnt to do this yet, and still behave like savages. But
46、 we must not expect too much. After all, the race of men has only just started. From the point of view of evolution, human beings are very young children indeed, babies, in fact, of a few months old. Scientists reckon that there has been life of some sort on the earth in the form of jellyfish and th
47、at kind of creature for about twelve hundred million years; but there have been men for only one million years, and there have been civilized men for about eight thousand years at the outside. These figures are difficult to grasp; so let us scale them down. Suppose that we reckon the whole past of l
48、iving creatures on the earth as one hundred years; then the whole past of man works out at about one month, and during that month there have been civilizations for between seven and eight hours. So you see there has been little time to learn in, but there will be oceans of time in which to learn bet
49、ter. Taking mans civilized past at about seven or eight hours, we may estimate his future, that is to say, the whole period between now and when the sun grows too cold to maintain life any longer on the earth, at about one hundred thousand years. Thus mankind is only at the beginning of its civilized life, and as I say, we must not expect too much. The past of man has been on the whole a pretty beastly business, a business of fighting and bullying and gorging and grabbing and hurting. We
