1、考研英语模拟试卷 274及答案与解析 一、 Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 1 Drug use is rising dramatically among the nations youth after a decade of decline. From 1993 to 1994, marijuana use among young peo
2、ple (1)_ from 12 to 17 jumped 50 percent. One in five high school seniors (2)_ marijuana daily. Monitoring the Future, which (3)_ student drug use annually, reports that negative attitudes about drugs have declined for the fourth year in a row. (4)_ young people see great risk in using drugs. Mood-a
3、ltering pharmaceutical drugs are (5)_ new popularity among young people. Ritalin, (6)_ as a diet pill in the 1970s and now used to (7)_ hyperactive children, has become a (8)_ drug on college campuses. A central nervous system (9)_, Ritalin can cause strokes, hypertension, and seizures. Rohypnol, pr
4、oduced in Europe as a (10)_ tranquilizer, lowers inhibitions and suppresses short-term memory, which has led to some women being raped by men they are going out with. (11)_ taken with alcohol, its effects are greatly (12)_. Rock singer Kurt Cobain collapsed from an (13)_ of Rohypnol and champagne a
5、month before he committed (14)_ in 1994. In Florida and Texas, Rohypnol has become widely abused among teens, who see the drug as a less expensive (15)_ for marijuana and LSD. Alcohol and tobacco use is increasing among teenagers, (16)_ younger adolescents. Each year, more than one million teens bec
6、ome regular smokers, (17)_ they cannot legally purchase tobacco. By 12th grade, one in three students smokes. In 1995, one in five 14-year-olds reported smoking regularly, a 33 percent jump (18)_ 1991. Drinking among 14-year-olds climbed 50 percent from 1992 to 1994, and all teens reported substanti
7、al increases in (19)_ drinking. In 1995, one in five 10th graders reported having been drunk in the past 30 days. Two-thirds of high school seniors say they know a (20)_ with a drinking problem. （ A） aged （ B） aging （ C） age （ D） ages （ A） tastes （ B） smokes （ C） injects （ D） takes （ A） studies （ B）
8、 researches （ C） surveys （ D） examines （ A） More （ B） Many （ C） Fewer （ D） Few （ A） retaining （ B） attaining （ C） maintaining （ D） gaining （ A） described （ B） prescribed （ C） inscribed （ D） instructed （ A） treat （ B） cure （ C） diagnose （ D） test （ A） amusing （ B） relaxing （ C） recreational （ D） plea
9、sant （ A） stimulus （ B） stimulant （ C） excitement （ D） encouragement （ A） valid （ B） formal （ C） popular （ D） legal （ A） When （ B） As （ C） though （ D） while （ A） enlarged （ B） confirmed （ C） exaggerated （ D） magnified （ A） overtake （ B） overdose （ C） abuse （ D） overuse （ A） murder （ B） crime （ C） su
10、icide （ D） killing （ A） substitute （ B） replacement （ C） exchange （ D） interchange （ A） specially （ B） particularly （ C） mostly （ D） actually （ A） even though （ B） as if （ C） as long as （ D） as soon as （ A） in （ B） to （ C） since （ D） for （ A） serious （ B） severe （ C） grave （ D） heavy （ A） student （
11、B） man （ C） youth （ D） peer Part A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points) 21 “Making money is a dirty game“, says the Institute of Economic Affairs, summing up the attitude of British novelists towards business. The IEA,
12、a free market think-tank, has just published a collection of essays (The Representation of Business in English Literature) by five academics chronicling the hostility of the countrys men and women of letters to the sordid business of making money. The implication is that Britains economic performanc
13、e is retarded by an anti-industrial culture. Rather than blaming rebellious workers and incompetent managers for Britains economic worries. Then, we can put George Orwell and Martin Amis in the dock instead. From Dickenss Scrooge to Amiss John Self in his 1980s novel Money, novelists have conjured u
14、p a rogues gallery of mean, greedy, amoral money-men that has alienated their impressionable readers from the noble pursuit of capitalism. The argument has been well made before, most famously in 1981 by Martin Wiener. an American academic, in his English Culture and the Decline of the Industrial Sp
15、irit. Lady Thatcher was an admirer of Mr. Wieners, and she led a crusade to revive the “entrepreneurial culture“ which the liberal elite had allegedly trampled underfoot. The present Chancellor of the Exchequer, Gordon Brown, sounds as though he agrees with her. At a recent speech to the Confederati
16、on of British Industry, he declared that it should be the duty of every teacher in the country to “communicate the virtues of business and enterprise“. Certainly, most novelists are hostile to capitalism, but this refrain risks scapegoating writers for failings for which they are not to blame. Brita
17、ins culture is no more anti-business than that of other countries. The Romantic Movement. which started as a reaction against the industrial revolution of the 21st century, was born and flourished in Germany, but has not stopped the Germans from being Europes most successful entrepreneurs and indust
18、rialists. Even the Americans are guilty of blackening businesss name. SMERSH and SPECTRE went our with the cold war, James Bond now takes on international media magnates rather than Rosa Kleb. His films such as Erin Brockovich have pitched downtrodden, moral heroes against the evil of faceless corpo
19、ratism. Yet none of this seems to have dented Americas lust for free enterprise. The irony is that the novel flourished as an art form only after, and as a result of the creation of the new commercial classes of Victorian England, just as the modern Hollywood film can exist only in an era of mass co
20、nsumerism. Perhaps the moral is that capitalist societies consume literature and film to let off steam rather than to change the world. 21 In the first paragraph, the author introduces his topic by_. （ A） posing a contract （ B） justifying an assumption （ C） making a comparison （ D） explaining a phen
21、omenon 22 The word “sordid“(Para. 1) implies_. （ A） holy （ B） dirty （ C） saintly （ D） pure 23 George Orwell and Martin Amis should be responsible for the retarded economy because _. （ A） they are blaming rebellious workers and incompetent managers （ B） they create an anti-industrial culture （ C） the
22、 novelists are in favor of them （ D） novelists depict them as merciful people 24 American academic Martin Wieners argument_. （ A） sides with the liberal elite （ B） is neutral about the virtue of business and enterprise （ C） inclines towards the revival of the entrepreneurial culture （ D） is hostile
23、to the industrial spirit 25 The best title for the text may be_. （ A） Hostility of Making-money and the Deeper Thinking （ B） Academic Hostility to Business （ C） industrial Spirit Revival （ D） Anti-business Wave in Literature World 26 Joseph Rykwert entered his field when post-war modernist architect
24、ure was coming under fire for its alienating embodiment of outmoded social ideals. Think of the UN building in New York, the city of Brasilia, the UNESCO building in Paris, the blocks of housing “projects“ throughout the world. These tall, uniform boxes are set back from the street, isolated by wind
25、swept plazas. They look inward to their own functions, presenting no “face“ to the inhabitants of the city, no “place“ for social interaction. For Mr. Rykwert, who rejects the functionalist spirit of the Athens Charter of 1933, a manifesto for much post-war building, such facelessness destroys the h
26、uman meaning of the city. Architectural form should not rigidly follow function, but ought to reflect the needs of the social body it represents. Like other forms of representation, architecture is the embodiment of the decisions that go into its making, not the result of impersonal forces, market o
27、r history. Therefore, says Mr. Rykwert, adapting Joseph de Maistres dictum that a nation has the government it deserves, our cities have the faces they deserve. In this book, Mr. Rykwert. a noted urban historian of anthropological love, offers a flaneurs approach to the citys exterior surface rather
28、 than an urban history from the conceptual inside out. He does not drive, so his interaction with the city affords him a warts-and-all view with a sensual grasp of what it is to be a “place“. His story of urbanization begins, not surprisingly, with the industrial revolution when populations shifted
29、and increased, exacerbating problems of housing and crime. In the 19th century many planning programs and utopias (Ebenezer Howards garden city and Charles Fouriers “phalansteries“ among them) were proposed as remedies. These have left their mark on 20th-century cities, as did Baron Hausmanns boulev
30、ards in Paris, Eugene Viollet-le-Ducs and Owen Joness arguments for historical style, and Adolf Looss fateful turn-of-the-century call to abolish ornament which, in turn, inspired Le Corbusiers bare functionalism. The reader will recognize all these ideas in the surfaces of the cities that hosted th
31、em: New York, Paris, London, and Vienna. Cities changed again after the Second World War as populations grew, technology raced and prosperity spread. Like it or not, todays cities are the muddled product, among other things, of speed, greed, outmoded social agendas and ill-suited postmodern aestheti
32、cs. Some lament the old citys death; others welcome its replacement by the electronically driven “global village“. Mr. Rykwert has his worries, to be sure, but he does not see ruin or chaos everywhere. He defends the city as a human and social necessity. In Chandigarh, Canberra and New York he sees
33、overall success; in New Delhi, Paris and Shanghai, large areas of falling. For Mr. Rykwert, a man on foot in the age of speeding virtual, good architecture may still show us a face where flaneurs can read the story of their urban setting in familiar metaphors. 26 An argument made by supporters of fu
34、nctionism is that_. （ A） post-war modernist architecture was coming under fire （ B） UN building in New York blocks the housing projects （ C） windswept plazas present “face“ to the inhabitants of the city （ D） functionism reflects the needs of the social body 27 The last sentence of the second paragr
35、aph implies_. （ A） a government is the embodiment of a country （ B） architectural form should reflect the needs of the social body （ C） the cities, as government, should show people perfect appearance （ D） making the decision of architecture is a comprehensive project 28 28 The word “exacerbating“(P
36、ara 4) means_. （ A） deteriorating （ B） inspiring （ C） encouraging （ D） producing 29 According to Mr. Rykwert, he_. （ A） sees damage here and there （ B） is absolutely a functionist （ C） is completely disappointed with the citys death （ D） is looking at the city objectively 30 The author associates th
37、e issue of functionism with post-war modernist architecture because （ A） they are both Mr. Rykwerts arguments （ B） post-war modernist architecture is the representative of functiomsm （ C） functionism and post-war modernism architecture are totally contradictory （ D） Mr. Rykwert supports functiomsm 3
38、1 Joy Williams quirky fourth novel The Quick and the Dead follows three 16-year-old misfits in an abnormal Charlies Angels set in the American south-west. Driven unclearly to defend animal rights, the girls accomplish little beyond curse: they rescue a wounded ox and hurl stones at stuffed elephants
39、. In what is structurally a road novel that ends up where it began, the threesome stumbles upon both cruelty to animals and unlikely romance. A mournful dog is killed by an angry neighbor, a taxidermist falls in love with an 8-year-old direct-action firebrand determined that he pays for his sins. A
40、careen across the barely tamed Arizona prairie, this peculiar book aims less for a traditional storyline than a sequence of noisy (often hilarious) conversations, ridiculous circumstances, and absurdist scene. The consequent long-walk-to-nowhere is both the books limitation and its charm. All three
41、girls are motherless. Fiercely political Alice discovers that her parents are her grandparents, who thereupon shrivel: “Lie had kept them young whereas the truth had accelerated them practically into oldness“. Both parents of the sorrowful Corvus drowned while driving on a flooded interstate off-ram
42、p. The mother of the more conventional Annabel (“one of those people who would say, well get in touch soonest when they never wanted to see you again“) slammed her car drunkenly into a fish restaurant. Later, Annabels father observes to his wifes ghost. “You didnt want to order what I ordered, darli
43、ng“. The sharp-tongued ghost snaps back: “Thats because you always ordered badly and wanted me to experience your miserable mistake“. Against a roundly apocalyptic world view, the great pleasures of this book are line-by-line. Ms. Williams can break setting and character alike in a few slashes: “it
44、was one of those rugged American places, a remote, sad-ass, but courageous downwind town whose citizens were flawed and brave“. Alices acerbity spits little wisdoms: putting lost teeth under a pillow for money is “a classic capitalistic consumer trick, designed to wean you away at an early age from
45、healthy horror and sensible dismay to greedy, deluded, sunny expectancy“. Whether or not the novel, like Alice, expressly advocates animal rights, an animal motif crops up in every scene, as flesh-and-blood “critters“ (usually dead) or plain decoration on crockery. If Ms. Williams does not intend to
46、 induce human horror at a pending cruel Armageddon, she at least invokes a future of earthly loneliness, where animals appear only as ceramic-hen butter dishes and extinct-species Elastoplasts. One caution: when flimsy narrative superstructure begins to sag, anarchic wackiness can grow wearing. Whil
47、e The Quick and the Dead is sharp from its first page, the trouble with starting at the edge is there is nowhere to go. Nevertheless, Ms. Williams is original, energetic and viscously funny: Carl Hiaasen with a conscience. 31 The girls in the novel_. （ A） did nothing substantive except criticizing t
48、he reality （ B） protected animals successfully （ C） were cruel to the animals （ D） murdered their neighbors dog 32 This novel is attentive to each of the following EXCEPT_. （ A） backgrounds （ B） conversations （ C） traditional storylines （ D） scenes 33 The main idea of the novel is_. （ A） caring abou
49、t the children （ B） how to make crockery （ C） fighting with the animal-killers （ D） animal protection 34 The second paragraph tells us _. （ A） the miserable life of the girls （ B） the girls parents are growing old （ C） social contradiction and circumstances the girls live in （ D） the backgrounds of the story and the heroines 35 For Alice, putting lost teeth under a pillow for money is_. （ A） just a
