1、考研英语模拟试卷 276及答案与解析 一、 Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 1 The success of Augustus owed much to the character of Roman theorizing about the state. The Romans did not produce ambitious bluepr
2、ints (1)_ the construction of ideal states, such as (2)_ to the Greeks. With very few exceptions, Roman theorists ignored, or rejected (3)_ valueless, intellectual exercises like Platos Republic, in (4)_ the relationship of the individual to the state was (5)_ out painstakingly without reference to
3、(6)_ states or individuals. The closest the Roman came to the Greek model was Ciceros De Re Publica, and even here Cicero had Rome clearly in (7)_. Roman thought about the state was concrete, even when it (8)_ religious and moral concepts. The first ruler of Rome, Romulus, was (9)_ to have received
4、authority from the gods, specifically from Jupiter, the “guarantor“ of Rome. All constitutional (10)_ was a method of conferring and administering the (11)_. Very clearly it was believed that only the assembly of the (12)_, the family heads who formed the original senate, (13)_ the religious charact
5、er necessary to exercise authority, because its original function was to (14)_ the gods. Being practical as well as exclusive, the senators moved (15)_ to divide the authority, holding that their consuls, or chief officials, would possess it on (16)_ months, and later extending its possession to low
6、er officials. (17)_ the important achievement was to create the idea of continuing (18)_ authority embodied only temporarily in certain upper-class individuals and conferred only (19)_ the mass of the people concurred. The system grew with enormous (20)_, as new offices and assemblies were created a
7、nd almost none discarded. （ A） with （ B） for （ C） in （ D） to （ A） tempted （ B） attracted （ C） appealed （ D） transferred （ A） on （ B） for （ C） as （ D） about （ A） which （ B） that （ C） what （ D） it （ A） turned （ B） worked （ C） brought （ D） made （ A） special （ B） specific （ C） peculiar （ D） particular （
8、 A） existence （ B） store （ C） reality （ D） mind （ A） abandoned （ B） caught （ C） separated （ D） involved （ A） told （ B） held （ C） suggested （ D） advised （ A） tendency （ B） procedure （ C） development （ D） relation （ A） authority （ B） power （ C） control （ D） ruling （ A） officers （ B） men （ C） administr
9、ators （ D） fathers （ A） possessed （ B） claimed （ C） assured （ D） enforced （ A） confirm （ B） confer （ C） Consult （ D） consider （ A） over （ B） along （ C） On （ D） about （ A） alternate （ B） different （ C） varied （ D） several （ A） And （ B） So （ C） Or （ D） But （ A） state （ B） country （ C） people （ D） nati
10、onal （ A） as （ B） when （ C） if （ D） so （ A） dimension （ B） complexity （ C） exercise （ D） function Part A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points) 21 “Ive never met a human worth cloning“, says cloning expert Mark Westhusin
11、from the cramped confines of his lab at Texas A promoting admissions decisions that look at more than test scores; and encouraging universities to step up their minority outreach and financial aid. And to counter accusations by critics to challenge these tactics in court, the group says it will give
12、 legal assistance to colleges sued for trying them. “Diversity diminished by the court must be made up for in other legitimate, legal ways“, says a forum member. One of the more controversial methods advocated is the so-called 10% rule. The idea is for public universities which educate three-quarter
13、s of all U. S. undergraduates to admit students who are in the top 10% of their high school graduating class. Doing so allows colleges to take minorities who excel in average urban schools, even if they wouldnt have made the cut under the current statewide ranking many universities use. 26 U.S. cour
14、t restrictions on affirmative-action signify that （ A） minorities no longer hold the once favored status. （ B） the quality of American colleges has improved. （ C） racial preferences has replaced racial prejudice. （ D） the minority is on an equal footing with the majority. 27 What has been a divisive
15、 issue across the United States? （ A） Whether affirmative-action should continue to exist. （ B） Whether this law is helping minorities or the white majority. （ C） Whether racism exists in American college admission. （ D） Whether racial intolerance should be punished. 28 CEOs of big companies decided
16、 to help colleges enroll more minority students because they （ A） think it wrong to deprive the minorities of their rights to receive education. （ B） want to conserve the fine characteristics of American nation. （ C） want a workforce that reflects the diversity of their customers. （ D） think it thei
17、r duty to help develop education of the country. 29 The major tactic the forum uses is to （ A） battle the racial preferences in court. （ B） support colleges involved in lawsuits of racism （ C） strive to settle this political debate nationwide. （ D） find legally viable ways to ensure minority admissi
18、ons. 30 If the 10% rule is applied, （ A） the best white high school students can get into colleges. （ B） public universities can get excellent students. （ C） students from poor rural families can go to colleges. （ D） good minority students can get into public universities. 31 Positive surprises from
19、 government reports on retail sales, industrial production, and housing in the past few months are leading economists to revise their real gross domestic product forecasts upward, supporting the notion that the recession ended in December or January. Bear in mind: This recovery wont have the vitalit
20、y normally associated with an upturn. Economists now expect real GDP growth of about 1.5% in the first quarter. Thats better than the 0.4% the consensus projected in December, but much of the additional growth will come from a slower pace of inventory drawdowns, not from surging demand. Moreover, th
21、e economy wont grow fast enough to help the labor markets much. The only good news there is that jobless claims have fallen back from their spike after September 11 and that their current level suggests the pace of layoffs is easing. The recovery also does not mean the Federal Reserve will raise int
22、erest rates soon. The January price indexes show that inflation remains tame. Consequently, the Fed can take its time shifting monetary policy from extreme accommodation to relative neutrality. Perhaps the best news from the latest economic reports was the January data on industrial production. Tota
23、l output fell only 0.1%, its best showing since July. Factory output was flat, also the best performance in six months. Those numbers may not sound encouraging, but manufacturers have been in recession since late 2000. The data suggest that the factory sector is finding a bottom from which to start
24、its recovery. Production of consumer goods, for instance, is almost back up to where it was a year ago. Thats because consumer demand for motor vehicles and other goods and the housing industry remained healthy during the recession, and they are still growing in early 2002. Besides, both the monthly
25、 homebuilding starts number and the housing market index for the past two months are running above their averages for all of 2001, suggesting that homebuilding is off to a good start and probably wont be a big drag on GDP growth this year. Equally important to the outlook is how the solid housing ma
26、rket will help demand for home-related goods and services. Traditionally, consumers buy the bulk of their furniture, electronics and textiles within a year of purchasing their homes. Thus, spending on such items will do well this year, even as car sales slip now that incentives are less attractive.
27、Look for the output of consumer goods to top year-ago levels in coming months. Even the business equipment sector seems to have bottomed out. Its output rose 0.4% in January, led by a 0.6% jump computer gear. A pickup in orders for capital goods in the fourth quarter suggests that production will ke
28、ep increasing although at a relaxed pace in coming months. 31 American economists are surprised to see that （ A） their government is announcing the end of a recession. （ B） US economy is showing some signs of an upturn so soon. （ C） some economic sectors have become leading industries. （ D） they hav
29、e to revise the product forecasts so often. 32 The most encouraging fact about the US economy is that （ A） employment rates have risen faster than expected. （ B） the Federal Reserve will raise interest rates soon. （ C） GDP is growing because of surging demand. （ D） Industrial production has reached
30、its lowest point. 33 Which of the following best brightens the future of US economy? （ A） Business equipment. （ B） Computer gear. （ C） Housing market. （ D） Motor vehicles. 34 In spite of the good news, the author sounds relatively more reserved about （ A） national GDP growth. （ B） price indexes. （ C
31、） output of consumer goods. （ D） the number of layoffs. 35 Which of the following best summarizes the LT. S. economic situation today? （ A） All the data still show a bleak year in 2002. （ B） It is slowly warming up with moderate growth. （ C） Recession may come back anytime in the coming months. （ D）
32、 Most sectors are picking up at a surprisingly fast pace. 36 Timothy Berners-Lee, might be giving Bill Gates a run for the money, but he passed up his shot at fabulous wealth intentionally in 1990. Thats when he decided not to patent the technology used to create the most important software innovati
33、on in the final decade of the 20th century: the World Wide Web. Berners-Lee wanted to make the world a richer place, not amass personal wealth. So he gave his brainchild to us all. Berners-Lee regards todays Web as a rebellious adolescent that can never fulfill his original expectations. By 2005, he
34、 hopes to begin replacing it with the Semantic Web a smart network that will finally understand human languages and make computers virtually as easy to work with as other humans. As envisioned by Berners-Lee, the new Web would understand not only the meaning of words and concepts but also theologica
35、l relationships among them. That has awesome potential. Most knowledge is built on two pillars: semantic and mathematics. In number-crunching, computers already outclass people. Machines that are equally admit at dealing with language and reason wont just help people uncover new insights; they could
36、 blaze new trails on their own. Even with a fairly crude version of this future Web, mining online repositories for nuggets of knowledge would no longer force people to wade through screen after screen of extraneous data. Instead, computers would dispatch intelligent agents, or software messengers,
37、to explore Websites by the thousands and logically sift out just whats relevant. That alone would provide a major boost in productivity at work and at home. But theres far more. Software agents could also take on many routine business chores, such as helping manufacturers find and negotiate with low
38、est-cost parts suppliers and handling help-desk questions. The Semantic Web would also be a bottomless trove of eureka insights. Most inventions and scientific breakthroughs, including todays Web, spring from novel combinations of existing knowledge. The Semantic Web would make it possible to evalua
39、te more combinations overnight than a person could juggle in a lifetime. Sure scientists and other people can post ideas on the Web today for others to read. But with machines doing the reading and translating technical terms, related ideas from millions of Web pages could be distilled and summarize
40、d. That will lift the ability to assess and integrate information to new heights. The Semantic Web, Berners-Lee predicts, “will help more people become more intuitive as well as more analytical. It will foster global collaborations among people with diverse cultural perspectives, so we have a better
41、 chance of finding the right solutions to the really big issues like the environment and climate warming“. 36 Had he liked, Berners-Lee could have （ A） created the most important innovation in the 1990s. （ B） accumulated as much personal wealth as Bill Gates. （ C） patented the technology of Microsof
42、t software （ D） given his brainchild to us all. 37 The Semantic Web will be superior to todays web in that it （ A） surpasses people in processing numbers. （ B） fulfills users original expectations. （ C） deals with language and reason as well as number. （ D） responds like a rebellious adult. 38 To se
43、arch for any information needed on tomorrows Web, one only has to （ A） wade through screen after screen of extraneous data. （ B） ask the Web to dispatch some messengers to his door. （ C） use smart software programs called “agents“. （ D） explore Web sites by the thousands and pick out whats relevant.
44、 39 Thanks to the Web of the future, （ A） millions of web pages can be translated overnight. （ B） one can find most inventions and breakthroughs online. （ C） software manufacturers can lower the cost of computer parts. （ D） scientists using different specialty terms can collaborate much better. 40 T
45、he most appropriate title for this text is （ A） Differences Between Two Webs. （ B） The Humanization of Computer Software （ C） A New Solution to World Problems. （ D） The Creator and His Next Creation. Part B (10 points) 41 In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45,
46、choose the most suitable one from the list (A、 B、 C、 D、 E、 F、 G) to fit into each of the numbered blank. There are several extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. (10 points) Theories of the value of art are of two kinds, which we may call extrinsic and intrinsic. The first regards art a
47、nd the appreciation of art as means to some recognized moral good, while the second regards them as valuable not instrumentally but as objects unto themselves. It is characteristic of extrinsic theories to locate the value of art in its effects on the person who appreciates it. (41)_. The extrinsic
48、approach, adopted in modem times by Leo Tolstoy in What Is Art in 1896, has seldom seemed wholly satisfactory. Philosophers have constantly sought for a value in aesthetic experience that is unique to it and that, therefore, could not be obtained from any other source. The extreme version of this in
49、trinsic approach is that associated with Walter Pater, Oscar Wilde, and the French Symbolists, and summarized in the slogan “art for arts sake“. (42)_. Between those two extreme views there lies, once again, a host of intermediate positions. We believe, for example, that works of art must be appreciated for their own sake, but that, in the act of appreciation, we gain from them something that is of independent value. (43)_. The analogy with laughter which, in s
