1、考研英语模拟试卷 279及答案与解析 一、 Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 1 Greg Focker, played by Ben Stiller, represents a generation of American kids (1)_ in the 1980s on the philosophy that any achieveme
2、nt, however slight, (2)_ a ribbon. (3)_ replaced punishment; criticism became a dirty word. In Texas, teachers were advised to (4)_ using red ink, the colour of (5)_. In California, a task force was set up to (6)_ the concept of self worth into the education system. Swathing youngsters in a (7)_ shi
3、eld of self-esteem, went the philosophy, would protect them from the nasty things in life, such as bad school grades, underage sex, drug abuse, dead-end jobs and criminality. (8)_ that the ninth-place ribbons are in danger of strangling the (9)_ children they were supposed to help. Americas (10)_ wi
4、th self-esteem like all developments in psychology, it gradually (11)_ its way to Britain has turned children who were (12)_ with (13)_ into adults who (14)_ at even the mildest brickbats. Many believe that the feel-good culture has risen at the (15)_ of traditional education, an opinion espoused in
5、 a new book, Dumbing Down Our Kids: Why American Children Feel Good About Themselves But Cant Read, Write, or Add, by the conservative commentator Charles Sykes. Not only that, but the foundations (16)_ which the self-esteem industry is built are being (17)_ as decidedly shaky. Roy Baumeister, profe
6、ssor of psychology at Florida State University and once a self-esteem enthusiast, is now (18)_ a revision of the populist orthodoxy. “After all these years, Im sorry to say, my recommendation is this: forget, about self-esteem and (19)_ more on self-control and self-discipline“, he wrote recently. “
7、Recent work suggests this would be good for the individual and good for society and might even be able to (20)_ some of those promises that self-esteem once made but could not keep“. （ A） born （ B） cared （ C） yielded （ D） reared （ A） preserved （ B） deserved （ C） reserved （ D） conserved （ A） Apprehen
8、sion （ B） Plausibility （ C） Approval （ D） Resentment （ A） forbid （ B） ban （ C） avoid （ D） evade （ A） reproach （ B） apprehension （ C） error （ D） mistake （ A） reject （ B） inject （ C） project （ D） deject （ A） sturdy （ B） elastic （ C） flexible （ D） smooth （ A） Now （ B） Despite （ C） For （ D） Except （ A）
9、exactly （ B） very （ C） specific （ D） special （ A） possession （ B） repulsion （ C） obsession （ D） compulsion （ A） wandered （ B） came （ C） filtered （ D） went （ A） packed （ B） scrambled （ C） filled （ D） showered （ A） compliments （ B） complacency （ C） flattering （ D） boast （ A） fumble （ B） crumple （ C） s
10、tumble （ D） stagger （ A） fare （ B） expenditure （ C） expense （ D） risk （ A） for （ B） on （ C） to （ D） in （ A） supposed （ B） composed （ C） disposed （ D） exposed （ A） deciding （ B） forcing （ C） pioneering （ D） imposing （ A） put （ B） cut （ C） condense （ D） concentrate （ A） fill （ B） take （ C） commit （ D）
11、 bring Part A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points) 21 Violent lyrics in songs increase aggression -related thoughts and emotions and could indirectly create a more hostile social environment, a study released on Sunday
12、by a U.S. psychology association found. The Washington D.C.-based American Psychological Association (APA) released the study, resulting from five experiments involving over 500 college students, in the May issue of the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. The violent songs increased feelin
13、gs of hostility without provocation or threat, according to the study. It said the effect was not the result of differences in musical style, specific performing artist or arousal properties of the songs. Even the humorous violent songs increased aggressive thoughts, the study said. The group said t
14、he study contradicts a popular notion that listening to angry, violent music actually serves as a positive catharsis for people. The music industry came under criticism from lawmakers in October for failing to use more descriptive parental advisory labels that specify whether the music contains sex,
15、 violence or strong language. But the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) has said that current CD labels give parents enough information without violating the right to free expression. The RIAA is the trade group for the worlds five big labels, including AOL Time Warner Inc., EMI Group
16、 Plc., Bertelsmann AG, Vivendi Universals Universal Music and Sony Corp. Results of the APAs experiments showed that violent songs led to more aggressive interpretations of ambiguously aggressive words and increased the relative speed with which people read aggressive versus non-aggressive words. “S
17、uch aggression-biased interpretations can, in turn, instigate a more aggressive response, verbal or physical, than would have been emitted in a nonbiased state, thus provoking an aggressive escalatory spiral of antisocial exchanges“, said researcher Craig Anderson, in a statement. While researchers
18、said repeated exposure to violent lyrics could indirectly create a more hostile social environment, they said it was possible the effects of violent songs may last only a fairly short time. 21 According to the study by APA, intensified aggression had nothing to do with _. （ A） actual performers of m
19、usic （ B） a more hostile environment （ C） feelings of hostility （ D） violent humors of the songs 22 The word “catharsis“ in Para. 3 most probably means _. （ A） an unpopular notion （ B） the removal of strong feelings （ C） an increase of aggressive emotions （ D） the overreaction to violent lyrics 23 W
20、hich of the following statements is true? （ A） The researchers work was unpopular because of its biased conclusions. （ B） The music industry was accused of unclear specification of the nature of the songs. （ C） The current CD labels failed to specify whether the music is appropriate for youth. （ D）
21、The music industry would have to yield to the pressure from the politicians. 24 Craig Anderson would probably agree that _. （ A） the relation between violent music and aggressive thoughts was ambiguous （ B） more experiments were needed to justify the results achieved so far （ C） antisocial exchanges
22、 could be ultimately attributed to violent songs （ D） nonbiased interpretations might cause more aggressive social responses 25 It can be concluded from the passage that _. （ A） some musical styles would lead to a short period of increased social hostility （ B） researchers were divided about the fun
23、damental causes of aggressive emotions （ C） parents neednt worry a lot about their kids occasional exposure to violent songs （ D） music industry would have to be more alert to violent words in its music 26 The biggest danger facing the global airline industry is not the effects of terrorism, war, SA
24、RS and economic downturn. It is that these blows, which have helped ground three national flag carriers and force two American airlines into bankruptcy, will divert attention from the inherent weaknesses of aviation, which they have exacerbated. As in the crisis that attended the first Gulf War, man
25、y airlines hope that traffic will soon bounce back, and a few catastrophic years will be followed by fuller planes, happier passengers and a return to profitability. Yet the industrys problems are deeper and older than the trauma of the past two years implies. As the centenary of the first powered f
26、light approaches in December, the industry it launched is still remarkably primitive. The car industry, created not long after the Wright Brothers made history, is now a global industry dominated by a dozen firms, at least half of which make good profits. Yet commercial aviation consists of 267 inte
27、rnational carriers and another 500-plus domestic ones. The worlds biggest carrier, American Airlines, has barely 7% of the global market, whereas the worlds biggest carmaker, General Motors, has (with its associated firms) about a quarter of the worlds automobile market. Aviation has been incomplete
28、ly deregulated, and in only two markets: America and Europe. Everywhere else, governments dictate who flies under what rules. These aim to preserve state-owned national flag-carriers, run for prestige rather than profit. And numerous restrictions on foreign ownership impede cross-border airline merg
29、ers. In America, the big network carriers face barriers to exit, which have kept their route networks too large. Trade unions resisting job cuts and Congressmen opposing route closures in their territory conspire to block change. In Europe, liberalization is limited by bilateral deals that prevent,
30、for instance, British Airways (BA) flying to America from Frankfurt or Paris, or Lufthansa offering transatlantic flights from Londons Heathrow. To use the car industry analogy, it is as if only Renaults were allowed to drive on French motorways. In airlines, the optimists are those who think that t
31、hings are now so had that the industry has no option but to evolve. Frederick Reid, president of Delta Air Lines, said earlier this year that events since the September 11th attacks are the equivalent of a meteor strike, changing the climate, creating a sort of nuclear winter and leading to a “compr
32、essed evolutionary cycle“. So how, looking on the bright side, might the industry look after five years of accelerated development? 26 According to the author, the deeper problems of aviation industry _. （ A） are the effects of various disasters （ B） are actually not fully recognized （ C） are attrac
33、ting a lot of attention （ D） are not the real cause of airlines bankruptcy 27 One of the facts that reflect the primitiveness of airline industry is _. （ A） its history is much longer than that of car industry （ B） it is composed of international and domestic carriers （ C） its market is divided by m
34、any a relatively small carrier （ D） it is still an industry of comparatively low profits 28 What does the author mean by “Aviation has been incompletely deregulated.“(Para. 3)? （ A） Governmental restrictions are still imposed on aviation industry in many areas. （ B） Governments help establish rules
35、for aviation industry only in America and Europe. （ C） Some countries hope to help their national carriers keep up their national prestige. （ D） Many countries discourage merger plans between foreign and domestic carriers. 29 It can be inferred from the passage that _. （ A） free competition may help
36、 solve the problems confronting aviation industry （ B） problems in America are more of a political nature than that in Europe （ C） car industry should exert a more powerful influence on aviation industry （ D） there is still a long way to go before the problems can be solved 30 According to Fredrick
37、Reid, the aviation industry _. （ A） is facing a very serious situation （ B） will confront a difficult evolution （ C） has no way out of the present difficulty （ D） will experience a radical reform 31 In the college-admissions wars, we parents are the true fighters. Were pushing our kids to get good g
38、rades, take SAT preparatory courses and build resumes so they can get into the college of our first choice. We say our motives are selfless and sensible. A degree from Stanford or Princeton is the ticket for life. If Aaron and Nicole dont get in, theyre forever doomed. Gosh, were delusional. Ive twi
39、ce been to the wars, and as I survey the battlefield, something different is happening. Its the one-upmanship among parents. We see our kids college rating as medals proving how well or how poorly weve raised them. But we cant acknowledge that our obsession is more about us than them. So weve contri
40、ved various justifications that turn out to be half-truths, prejudices or myths. It actually doesnt matter much whether Aaron and Nicole go to Stanford. Admissions anxiety afflicts only a minority of parents. Its true that getting into college has generally become tougher because the number of high-
41、school graduates has grown. From 1994 to 2006, the increase is 28 percent. Still, 64 percent of freshmen attend schools where acceptance rates exceed 70 percent, and the application surge at elite schools dwarfs population growth. Take Yale. In 1994, it accepted 18.9 percent of 12,991 applicants; th
42、is year it admitted only 8.6 percent of 21,000. We have a full-blown prestige panic; we worry that there wont be enough medals to go around. Fearful parents prod their children to apply to more schools than ever. “The epicenters (of parental anxiety) used to be on the coasts, Boston, New York, Washi
43、ngton, Los Angeles“, says Tom Parker, Amhersts admissions dean. “But its radiated throughout the country“. Underlying the hysteria is the belief that scarce elite degrees must be highly valuable. Their graduates must enjoy more success because they get a better education and develop better contacts.
44、 All thats plausible and mostly wrong. “We havent found any convincing evidence that selectivity or prestige matters“, says Ernest T. Pascarella of the University of Iowa, co author of “How College Affects Students“, an 827-page evaluation of hundreds of studies of the college experience. Selective
45、schools dont systematically employ better instructional approaches than less-selective schools, according to a study by Pascarella and George Kuh of Indiana University. Some do; some dont. On two measures professors feedback and the number of essay exams selective schools do slightly worse. 31 In th
46、e authors eyes, parents pushing their kids to an elite degree are _. （ A） aggressive （ B） misguided （ C） reasonable （ D） failing 32 We can infer from the second paragraph that _. （ A） the author used to serve in the army （ B） kids poorly brought up may hope to be accepted （ C） there is a severe comp
47、etition between poorly and well bred kids （ D） failure to be admitted by selective schools may reflect badly on parents 33 Which of the following statements is true according to the text? （ A） Most parents feel certain that their kids will be accepted by a college. （ B） High school graduates find it
48、 difficult to be admitted into a college. （ C） Fewer high school graduates apply to elite schools than before. （ D） Parents on the coasts are more worried about their kids admission. 34 According to Ernest T. Pascarella, elite schools _. （ A） do not live up to their prestige （ B） are not right to se
49、lect their applicants （ C） do not ensure a students success （ D） are not strictly selective 35 All of the following words are used to describe the authors views of parents EXCEPT _. （ A） anxiety （ B） delusional （ C） obsession （ D） sensible 36 The U.S, Supreme Courts decision Monday to let stand a ruling in an online defamation case will make it more difficult to determine correct legal jurisdictions
