1、考研英语模拟试卷 280及答案与解析 一、 Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 1 With the Met Office predicting a summer heatwave, Macmillan Cancer Relief this week (1)_ its customary warning about the suns ultra
2、violet rays: (2)_, it says, for the huge rise in skin cancers affecting 70,000 people a year. (3)_ a hat and long-sleeved shirt, it advises, keep in the (4)_ in the middle of the day, and slap (5)_ suncream with a protection factor of 15 or above. We all know it (6)_; its the message thats been drum
3、med into us for the past 20 years. Too much sun (7)_. But now theres a fly in the suntan lotion, complicating the messages clarity. It comes (8)_ a thin, quietly-spoken and officially retired NASA scientist, Professor William Grant, who says that sun doesnt kill; in act, it does us the world of (9)_
4、. Whats killing us, he says, is our (10)_ with protecting ourselves from skin cancer. Grant is trying to turn the scientific world (11)_ down. Talking to me on a trip to Britain this week, he (12)_ his startling and at first appearance off-the-wall new calculation that (13)_ excessive exposure to th
5、e sun is costing 1,600 deaths a year in the UK from melanoma skin cancers, (14)_ exposure to the sun is the cause of 25,000 deaths a year from cancer generally. In other words, one sixth of all cancer deaths could be prevented (15)_ we sunned ourselves a little more; in comparison, the melanoma (16)
6、_ is insignificant. The reason is vitamin D. Grant, the director of the Sunlight, Nutrition and Health Research Centre (SUNARC) he (17)_ in California a year ago, says that he and other scientists have (18)_ vitamin D deficiency as a key cause (19)_ 17 different types of cancer including melanoma, o
7、steoporosis, diabetes, multiple sclerosis and other neurological (20)_. （ A） issued （ B） claimed （ C） declared （ D） announced （ A） quailifled （ B） relating （ C） responsible （ D） resulting （ A） Put on （ B） Take to （ C） Turn to （ D） Put off （ A） darkness （ B） ray （ C） shade （ D） sunlight （ A） with （ B
8、） on （ C） in （ D） onto （ A） stands water （ B） reasonable （ C） sound （ D） makes sense （ A） devastates （ B） kills （ C） hurts （ D） injures （ A） on the basis of （ B） in the light of （ C） by means of （ D） in the form of （ A） good （ B） goodness （ C） benefits （ D） profits （ A） obesity （ B） obsession （ C） o
9、bscurity （ D） obscenity （ A） downside （ B） inside （ C） upside （ D） outside （ A） undermined （ B） uncovered （ C） disclosed （ D） revealed （ A） because （ B） as （ C） while （ D） when （ A） efficient （ B） proficient （ C） ample （ D） insufficient （ A） if （ B） unless （ C） lest （ D） since （ A） haphazard （ B） ri
10、sk （ C） hazard （ D） danger （ A） invented （ B） founded （ C） renovated （ D） produced （ A） established （ B） convinced （ C） convicted （ D） witnessed （ A） for （ B） from （ C） by （ D） behind （ A） sickness （ B） symptoms （ C） disorders （ D） syndrome Part A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer th
11、e questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points) 21 Blues is a genre of Afro-American folk and popular song. It is generally 12 bars long, falling into three phrases of four bars each (one phrase for each line of text). The most typical chord pattern for these phrases is based on th
12、e first, fourth, and fifth notes of the scale: phrase 1-III; phrase 2-IV II; phrase 3-VV (or V) II. Each phrase of sung text is normally followed by instrumental improvisation, creating a call-and-response pattern. Blues music uses a scale in which the third, fifth, and seventh notes are freely bent
13、 or microtonally flattened in comparison with the standard major scale. Blues tends to deal with the hardships of life and the sadness of love. Blues singing, rooted in various forms of black American slave song, was widespread in the southern U.S. by the late 19th century. Archaic and country blues
14、 differed widely in their lyric and musical form; singers typically accompanied themselves on guitar or harmonica. Later singers in this style include Blind Lemon Jefferson and Leadbelly. In 1912, with the publication of “Memphis Blues“ by W.C. Handy, blues entered the range of popular song. Classic
15、 “city“ blues evolved in the 1920s and 1930s in the singing of Ma Rainey, Bessie Smith, the others. Lyric and musical forms became largely standardized, and singers often worked with jazz band or piano. Adapted to solo piano, blues gave rise to boogie-woogie piano playing. Blues and jazz overlapped,
16、 sometimes almost indistinguishably, and blues was considered a nurturing form for early jazz, but blues also developed independently. In the 1940s singers such as T-Bone Walker and Louis Jordan performed with big bands or with ensembles based on electric guitar, acoustic string bass, drums, and sax
17、ophones; the electric organ also came into use about this time. After 1950 B.B. King, Ray Charles, and others used improved electric guitars and louder, electric basses; brass instruments often replaced saxophones. 21 In the fourth sentence in paragraph one, the “call-and-response pattern“ refers to
18、 the pattern in which_ （ A） a person calls and another person responds （ B） one phrase of the sung text responds to another （ C） one note responds to another （ D） one musical instrument responds to another 22 Which of the following is the usual theme of blues?_ （ A） Love （ B） History （ C） Pain （ D）
19、Peace 23 It can be inferred that blues really became a musical pattern of its own right_ （ A） in the 1920s and 1930s when it evolved into classic “city“ blues （ B） in 1912 when it entered the range of popular song （ C） in 1940s when some modem musical instruments were used （ D） in the 19th century w
20、hen black American songs were widespread 24 By saying that “blues and jazz overlapped“ (the first sentence of the last paragraph), the author means_ （ A） blues developed in the same pattern as jazz did （ B） the two music forms shared some features （ C） people can never tell one from the other （ D） j
21、azz is the source from which blues evolved 25 It seems that_ is the musical instrument used throughout the history of blues. （ A） saxophones （ B） brasses （ C） guitars （ D） drums 26 In recent years American society has become increasingly dependent on its universities to find solutions to its major p
22、roblems. It is the universities that have been charged with the principal responsibility for developing the expertise to place men on the moon; for dealing with our urban problems, and with our deteriorating environment; for developing the means to feed the worlds rapidly increasing population. The
23、effort involved in meeting these demands presents its own problems. In addition, this concentration on the creation of new knowledge significantly impinges on the universities efforts to perform their other principal functions, the transmission and interpretation of knowledge the imparting of the he
24、ritage of the past and the preparing of the next generation to carry it forward. With regard to this, perhaps their most traditionally sanctioned task, colleges and universities today find themselves in a serious bind generally. On the one hand, there is the American commitment, entered into especia
25、lly since World War II, to provide higher education for all young people who can profit from it. The result of the commitment has been a dramatic rise in enrollments in our universities, coupled with a radical shift from the private to the public sector of higher education. On the other hand, there
26、are serious and continuing limitations on the resources available for higher education. While higher education has become a great “growth industry“, it is also simultaneously a tremendous drain on the resources of the nation. With the vast increase in enrollment and the shift in priorities away from
27、 education in state and federal budgets, there is in most of our public institutions a significant decrease in per capita outlay for their students. One crucial aspect of this drain on resources lies in the persistent shortage of trained faculty, which has led, in turn, to a declining standard of co
28、mpetence in instruction. Intensifying these difficulties is, as indicated above, the concern with research, with its competing claims on resources and the attention of the faculty. In addition, there is a strong tendency for the institutions organization and functioning to conform to the demands of
29、research rather thorn those of teaching. 26 According to the author, _ is the most important function of institutions of higher education. （ A） creating new knowledge （ B） providing solutions to social problems （ C） making experts on sophisticated industries out of their students （ D） preparing thei
30、r students to transmit inherited knowledge 27 According to the passage, one cause for the difficulties of American higher education is that_ （ A） the government has stopped giving public institutions as much financial support as it used to （ B） America has always been encouraging young people to go
31、to college （ C） many public institutions have replaced private ones （ D） the government only finances such researches as that or placing man on the moon 28 The phrase “impinge on“ in Paragraph 1 most probably means_ （ A） promote （ B） rely on （ C） have an impact on （ D） block 29 A serious outcome bro
32、ught out by the shortage of resources is that_ （ A） many public institutions have to cut down enrollments of students （ B） teachers are not qualified enough for satisfactory performance in classes （ C） some institutions have to reduce the expenses on research （ D） there is keen competition for resou
33、rces and attention of faculty between public and private 30 Which of the following statements is not true?_ （ A） American society has failed to provide these institutions with adequate resources to meet their needs （ B） Though in difficulty, these institutions are determined to fulfill both research
34、 and teaching functions （ C） American society has relied too much on their institutions of higher education to allow them for easy adjustment to all their functions （ D） More resources and efforts of faculty are needed for research work than teaching work 31 Why arent the University Colleges and Ins
35、titutes just called “University“? The simpler answer is that, with a few exceptions, the University Colleges and Institutes do not usually award all their own degrees. At least some of the degrees, especially at postgraduate level, are likely to be awarded by a large university with which the colleg
36、e or institute is associated. University Colleges and Institutes tend to be much smaller than typical British universities. But it is not only a matter of size, but their origins that make them somewhat different from British Universities, old or new. Typically, the present University Colleges and I
37、nstitutes have developed and grown from Teachers Colleges. Until about 20 years ago in most cases, they would have been exclusively concerned with the professional training of teachers. Then they started to offer other courses and degrees, broadly comparable to any university, the only difference be
38、ing that these institutions do not normally provide degrees in such subjects as Law, Engineering, and Medicine. The particular strengths of the University Colleges and Institutes lie in their somewhat particular origins. In terms of the courses and subjects offered, there is likely to be an emphasis
39、 on those subjects that are closely associated with the School curriculum Arts or Humanities subjects. Teacher education itself, of course, almost certainly remains as a strong component of the whole array of courses taught by a University College or Institute. Professional training for the classroo
40、m is something that these institutions have specialized in since their foundation, and no University is likely to do it better. Also associated with the smaller institutions origins is their strong continuing pastoral(田园式的 ) tradition and care for the individual student. Perhaps, there is virtue and
41、 merit in what is small: sheer size, especially if it means a loss of what is most human and personal, is not something to be sought of its own sake. The relatively small University Colleges and Institutes have all the facilities and equipment of the bigger Universities. Lecturers and tutors have to
42、 be well qualified because they teach degree courses that are in every way equal in standard to those taught at Universities. So, parents, students, and sponsors need have no doubt about the quality or standing of the degrees that the Colleges award. Quality assurance is guaranteed. International re
43、cognition and comparability with all other British degrees are not, in question. So what else should students, parents, and sponsors worry? 31 In which aspect are the Universities superior to the University Colleges and Institutes?_ （ A） They offer degree-level courses （ B） They are more famous （ C）
44、 They can award more degrees （ D） They have larger size 32 What similarities do the University Colleges and Institutes have with the Universities?_ （ A） They have similar origins （ B） They both offer a variety of courses and degrees （ C） They both provide degrees in Law, Engineering and Medicine （ D
45、） They have similar campus sites 33 In what respects are the University Colleges and Institutes superior to the Universities?_ （ A） In offering the students better school curriculum （ B） In Arts and Humanities subjects （ C） In classroom instructions （ D） In providing professional training for teache
46、rs 34 What can we infer from paragraph five in this passage?_ （ A） Small size often means lack of virtue and merit （ B） The University Colleges and Institutes are not human and personal （ C） Some doubts exist among students, parents and sponsor about the quality of the degrees awarded by the Univers
47、ity Colleges and Institutes （ D） Most University Colleges and Institutes have attractive campuses 35 The authors main purpose in writing this article is_ （ A） to show that uniyersities are better than the University Colleges and Institutes （ B） to explain the differences between universities and the
48、 University Colleges and Institutes （ C） to assure students, parents and sponsors that the degrees awarded by the university Colleges and Institutes have equal international recognition and comparability with other British degrees （ D） to show the merits and advantages of the University Colleges and
49、 Institutes 36 In 1967, in response to widespread public concern aroused by medical reports of asbestos(石棉 ) related deaths, the National Medical Research Council organized a committee of inquiry to investigate the health threats associated with the use of asbestos in the building industry. After examining evidences provided by medical researchers and building workers and management, the Council published a r
