1、考研英语模拟试卷 43及答案与解析 一、 Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 1 The problem to be taken up and the point at which the search for a solution will begin are customarily prescribed by the investigato
2、r (1)_ a subject participating in an (2)_ on thinking (or by the programmer for a computer). (3)_, prevailing techniques of (4)_ in the psychology of thinking have invited (5)_ of the motivational aspects of thinking. The conditions that determine when the person will begin to think in (6)_ to some
3、other activity, what he will think about, what direction his thinking will take, and when he will regard his search for a solution as successfully terminated (or abandon it as not worth pursuing further) (7)_ are beginning to attract investigation. (8)_ much thinking is aimed at (9)_ ends, special m
4、otivational problems are raised by “disinterested“ thinking, in which the (10)_ of an answer to a question is a source of satisfaction in itself. For computer specialists, the detection of a mismatch between the formula that the program so far has (11)_ and some formula or set of requirements that (
5、12)_ a solution is what impels continuation of the search and determines the direction it will (13)_. Neo-behaviorists (like psychoanalysts) have made much of secondary (14)_ value and stimulus generalization; i. e., the tendency of a stimulus pattern to become a source of satisfaction if it resembl
6、es or has (15)_ accompanied some form of biological gratification. The insufficiency of this kind of explanation becomes apparent, (16)_, when the importance of novelty, surprise, complexity, incongruity, ambiguity, and (17)_ is considered. Inconsistency between beliefs, between items of incoming se
7、nsory information, or between ones belief and an item of sensory information (18)_ can be a source of discomfort impelling a (19)_ for resolution through reorganization of belief (20)_ or through selective acquisition of new information. （ A） for （ B） into （ C） with （ D） by （ A） procedure （ B） exper
8、iment （ C） program （ D） adventure （ A） However （ B） Consequently （ C） Thus （ D） Simultaneously （ A） encounter （ B） obligation （ C） insight （ D） inquiry （ A） consideration （ B） discovery （ C） question （ D） neglect （ A） respect （ B） preference （ C） response （ D） return （ A） rarely （ B） particularly （
9、C） barely （ D） definitely （ A） Although （ B） Since （ C） Unless （ D） Provided （ A） normal （ B） practical （ C） plausible （ D） terminal （ A） process （ B） recognition （ C） prediction （ D） discovery （ A） created （ B） contributed （ C） donated （ D） produced （ A） demand （ B） define （ C） defend （ D） detect （
10、 A） follow （ B） bring （ C） stimulate （ D） characterize （ A） pressure （ B） emphasis （ C） reward （ D） profit （ A） obviously （ B） subsequently （ C） frequently （ D） commonly （ A） though （ B） however （ C） moreover （ D） therefore （ A） popularity （ B） publicity （ C） difficulty （ D） uncertainty （ A） broadly
11、 （ B） evidently （ C） distinctly （ D） confusedly （ A） search （ B） wish （ C） plea （ D） talent （ A） devices （ B） structures （ C） systems （ D） concepts Part A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points) 21 It was inevitable that a
12、ny of President George W. Bushs fans had to be very disappointed by his decision to implement high tariffs on steel imported to the U.S. The presidents defense was pathetic. He argued that the steel tariffs were somehow consistent with free trade, that the domestic industry was important and struggl
13、ing, and that the relief was a temporary measure to allow time for restructuring. One reason that this argument is absurd is that U.S. integrated steel companies (“Big Steel“) have received various forms of government protection and subsidy for more than 30 years. Instead of encouraging the industry
14、 to restructure, the long-term protection has sustained inefficient companies and cost U.S. consumers dearly. As Anne O. Krueger, now deputy managing director of the International Monetary Fund, said in a report on Big Steel: “The American Big Steel industry has been the champion lobbyist and seeker
15、 of protection.It provides a key and disillusioning example of the ability to lobby in Washington for measures which hurt the general public and help a very small group. Since 1950s, Big Steel has been reluctant to make the investments needed to match the new technologies introduced elsewhere. It ag
16、reed to high wages for its unionized labor force. Hence, the companies have difficulty in competing not only with more efficient producers in Asia and Europe but also with technologically advanced U.S. mini-mills, which rely on scrap metal as an input. Led by Nucor Cor., these mills now capture abou
17、t half of overall U.S. sales. The profitability of U.S. steel companies depends also on steel prices, which, despite attempts at protection by the U.S. and other governments, are determined primarily in world markets. These prices are relatively high as recently as early 2000 but have since declined
18、 with the world recession to reach the lowest dollar values of the last 20 years. Although these low prices are unfortunate for U.S. producers, they are beneficial for the overall U.S. economy. The low prices are also signal that the inefficient Big Steel companies should go out of business even fas
19、ter than they have been. Instead of leaving or modernizing, the dying Big Steel industry complains that foreigners dump steels by selling at low prices. However, it is hard to see why it is bad for the overall U.S. economy if foreign producers wish to sell us their goods at low prices. After all, th
20、e extreme case of dumping is one where foreigners give us their steel for free and why would that be a bad thing? 21 According to Anne Krueger, long-term government protection given to steel companies _. （ A） will increase the state wealth. （ B） will threaten trade monopoly. （ C） will raise their co
21、mpetitiveness. （ D） will ultimately hurt consumers. 22 The U.S. integrated steel companies believe that, to modernize their technologies, they are in need of _. （ A） the sacrifice from U.S. consumers. （ B） the governments financial support. （ C） the reduction of steel product prices. （ D） the compro
22、mise from the labor force. 23 Which of the following can be a disadvantage of U.S. “Big Steel“ as pointed out in the text? （ A） Lower efficiency. （ B） Lack of protection. （ C） Corporate structures. （ D） Lobbyist addiction. 24 We can draw a conclusion from the text that the overall U.S. economy _. （
23、A） must guard against foreigners selling their steel at shocking prices. （ B） had difficulty in sustaining development in face of foreign competitors. （ C） can benefit enormously from the lower prices of steel in world markets. （ D） took advantage of the governments protection to enhance efficiency.
24、 25 The authors attitude towards the measure adopted by the President seems to be that of _. （ A） approval. （ B） optimism. （ C） opposition. （ D） indifference. 26 On Mar. 14, when Wal-Mart Stores Inc. announced its first foray into Japan, the Bentonville (Ark.) retailing giant placed a big bet that i
25、t could succeed where countless other foreign companies have failed. In the past five years, a number of famous Western brands have been forced to close up shop after failing to catch on in Japan, one of the worlds largest but most variable consumer markets. May Wal-Mart make a go of it where others
26、 have stumbled? One good sign is that the mass marketer is not rushing in blindly. It has taken an initial 6.1% stake in ailing food-and-clothing chain Seiyu Ltd., which it can raise to a controlling 33.4% by yearend and to 66.7% by 2007. That gives Wal-Mart time to revise its strategy or run for th
27、e exits. The question is whether Wal-Mart can apply the lessons it has learned in other parts of Asia to Japan. This, after all, is a nation of notoriously finicky consumers who have become even more so since Japan slipped into a decade-long slump. How will Wal-Mart bring to bear its legendary cost-
28、cutting savvy in a market already affected by falling prices? Analysts are understandably skeptical. “It is uncertain whether Wal-Marts business models will be effective in Japan“, Standard others do not want to subordinate state authority to the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission. D. It was uncle
29、ar when the waters would recede, never mind when life would return to normal. Power may not be restored for weeks. Looting, too. Began to spiral out of control. Mr. Nagin, who said the city might be uninhabitable for three months, was forced to order police to concentrate on stopping crime, not savi
30、ng people. E. Whats preventing greater connection and coordination between regions? The technology exists, and is available; the economic benefits of relieving the bottlenecks between regions far exceeds the costs by many billions of dollars. F. Yet, despite claims in the wake of last weeks blackout
31、 that the nation has a “third world“ power grid, the regional networks are first world. But in one critical aspect, the system has become increasingly vulnerable: in the interconnections among the different regions. Both the number and size of the wires on the borders between regions are inadequate
32、for the rising flow of electricity. This missing part creates the worst bottlenecks in the system. G. Since entering the overseas power market in 1993, KEPCO has established several achievements through its distinguished international business strategies to promote electric power development of the
33、world. Based on its long experience and advanced technology gained over 100 years in Korea, KEPCO continues to build up its outstanding reputation as a leading utility company. Moreover, KEPCO embraces challenges and makes bold steps into wider markets in the world by its flair for dynamic activitie
34、s, which is favorably received in the Philippines, China, Vietnam and Libya. Part C Directions: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. (10 points) 46 In the past year, a lot has changed in the field of human spaceflight. (46)In January, President G
35、eorge Bush brushed aside the fact that Americas entire space-shuttle fleet was grounded when he announced grandiose plans to put people back on the moon, and then to launch a manned mission to Mars. (47)In June, Burt Rutan, an American aeronautical engineer, showed that human spaceflight was no long
36、er the preserve of governments by sending a man to the edge of space in Space Ship One, a privately financed vehicle that cost about the same to build as a luxury yacht. That was followed in September by Sir Richard Branson, the British entrepreneur behind the Virgin brand, announcing that he had si
37、gned a deal with Mr. Rutan to work on plans for a fleet of five suborbital vehicles developed from Space Ship One. (48)Now, in the dying days of the year, Americas Congress has passed a bill that unravels a tangle about who would be responsible for regulating the fledgling industry, and under what t
38、erms. (49)The bill also allows passengers to fly, on the understanding that this new generation of vehicles may not be as safe as taking a commercial flight between, say, New York and London. The official line from Virgin Galactica, as Sir Richards latest venture is modestly named, is that this comi
39、ng change in the law makes no practical difference to the firms plans, since they do not intend to fly unless they can make their spacecraft as safe as a private jet. But it must surely come as some sort of relief. In any case, Will Whitehorn, director of corporate affairs at Virgins headquarters in
40、 London, and soon to become the president of Virgin Galactica, says that work is under way on a mock-up of the interior of a new spacecraft that will hold five passengers. (50)Virgin has already committed $20m towards licensing the SpaceShipOne technology from Mr. Rutan and his financial backer Paul
41、 Allen, a software billionaire. Part A Directions: Write a composition/letter of no less than 100 words on the following information. (10 points) 51 Write an announcement to your schoolmates, informing them an off-campus activity on September 18th You should write about 100 words. Do not sign your o
42、wn name at the end of the letter; use “Li Ming“ instead. Do not write the address. Part B Directions: Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following information. (20 points) 52 Study the following drawing carefully and write an essay in which you should 1) describe the drawing, 2) analyze th
43、e purpose of the painter and 3) state your position.You should write about 160 200 words neatly. 考研英语模拟试卷 43答案与解析 一、 Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 1 【正确答案】 A 2 【正确答案】 B 3 【正确答案】 C 4 【正确
44、答案】 D 5 【正确答案】 D 6 【正确答案】 B 7 【正确答案】 C 8 【正确答案】 A 9 【正确答案】 B 10 【正确答案】 D 11 【正确答案】 D 12 【正确答案】 B 13 【正确答案】 A 14 【正确答案】 C 15 【正确答案】 C 16 【正确答案】 B 17 【正确答案】 D 18 【正确答案】 B 19 【正确答案】 A 20 【正确答案】 C Part A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C
45、or D. (40 points) 21 【正确答案】 D 22 【正确答案】 B 23 【正确答案】 A 24 【正确答案】 C 25 【正确答案】 C 26 【正确答案】 B 27 【正确答案】 A 28 【正确答案】 C 29 【正确答案】 D 30 【正确答案】 B 31 【正确答案】 D 32 【正确答案】 D 33 【正确答案】 C 34 【正确答案】 A 35 【 正确答案】 B 36 【正确答案】 C 37 【正确答案】 A 38 【正确答案】 B 39 【正确答案】 C 40 【正确答案】 D Part B (10 points) 41 【正确答案】 B 【试题解析】 本题考
46、查的是段落结论句 (尾句 )的选择搭配。段落结论句一般应该在该段所陈述的主题内容方面和段落主题句 (首句 )保持一致或相互呼应。本段主题句讲 “电力系统 (system)的一个关键环节跟不上发展 “，故本题正确选项应该是 B，因为该选项一开始便论述 “系统 (system)陷 入解除管制的泥潭 “，紧扣 “系统 (system)有问题 “这一主题。 42 【正确答案】 F 【试题解析】 本题考查段落主题句 (首句 )以及段落的前半部分与段落的后半部分之间的语意连贯性。本段后半部讲 “这个缺陷 (deficiency)还 (also)包括 “ ，故本题的正确选项应该是 F，因为该选项的结束部分
47、(即第一个 “but“以后部分 )主要论述美国电力系统的缺陷 (vulnerable和 inadequate)，与本段的后半部分在论述内容方面保持一致。 “also“一词在本题的解题过程中作用重大。 43 【正 确答案】 E 【试题解析】 本题考查段首句 (主题句 )与上段尾句 (结论句 )之间的承上启下关系。有时，下一段所论述的内容是围绕着上一段所涉及的中心主旨展开的。本题上一段尾句涉及 “地区之间 (interregional)的薄弱 “，故选项 E是正确答案，因为该选项一开始便展开 “地区之间 (between regions)“问题的讨论。 44 【正确答案】 A 【试题解析】 本题考
48、查段落主题句 (首句 )以及段落前半部分和段落后半部分的语意连贯性。本题后半部分 (即空白处后面 )的第一句讲 “这种 (This)变化 “ ，故选项A是正确答案，因为只有 A选项涉及了 “变化 (shift)“的内容 (.move from.to.)。在本题解题过程中，代词 “this“作用重大。 45 【正确答案】 C 【试题解析】 本题考查段首句 (主题句 )和上一段尾句 (结论句 )之间的承上启下关系。本题上一段的尾句论述 “ 放慢了 (slowing) 的发展 (development)“，故选项C是正确答案，因为该选项一开始就论述有关 “发展 (development)“的内容。在
49、本题解题过程中，选项 C句首的 “As a result“所起的 作用重大。 Part C Directions: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. (10 points) 46 【正确答案】 一月份，乔治 .布什总统不顾美国所有航天飞机都已被停飞的事实，宣布了宏大的计划，让人重返月球和随后开始赴火星的载人飞行任务。 【试题解析】 本题重点考查对 “that“引导的同位语从句和 “when“引导的状语从句的理解与翻 译。 47 【正确答案】 六月份，美国航空工程师 Burt Rutan通过用 “太空船一号 “将一个人送到宇宙的边缘表明 :人类宇宙飞行不再是政府独占的领地。 “太空船一号 “是私人出资的飞行器，其耗资大约等同于打造一艘豪华游艇。 【试题解析】 本题重点考查的理解与翻译内容是 :“that“引导的宾语从句；介词“by“引导的方式状语；句尾 “that“引导的
