1、考研英语模拟试卷 45及答案与解析 一、 Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 1 So what is depression? Depression is often more about anger turned (1)_ than it is about sadness. But its usually (2)_ as sadness. D
2、epression can (3)_ at all ages, from childhood to old age, and its the United States No. 1 (4)_ problem. When someone is depressed, her behavior (5)_ change and she loses interest in activities she (6)_ enjoyed (like sports, music, friendships). The sadness usually lasts every day for most of the da
3、y and for two weeks or more. What (7)_ depression? A (8)_ event can certainly bring (9)_ depression, but some will say it happens (10)_ a specific cause. So how do you know if youre just having a bad day (11)_ are really depressed? Depression affects your (12)_, moods, behavior and even your physica
4、l health. These changes often go (13)_ or are labeled (14)_ simply a bad case of the blues. Someone whos truly (15)_ depression will have (16)_ periods of crying spells, feelings of (17)_ (like not being able to change your situation) and (18)_ (tike youll feel this way forever), irritation or agita
5、tion. A depressed person often (19)_ from others, Depression seldom goes away by itself, and the greatest (20)_ of depression is suicide. The risk of suicide increases if the depression isnt treated. （ A） on （ B） down （ C） inward （ D） up （ A） depicted （ B） reported （ C） prohibited （ D） expressed （ A
6、） happen （ B） convey （ C） fade （ D） deteriorate （ A） social （ B） academic （ C） literary （ D） health （ A） patterns （ B） links （ C） intuition （ D） conscientiousness （ A） mostly （ B） once （ C） fairly （ D） desperately （ A） cures （ B） checks （ C） triggers （ D） logs （ A） solemn （ B） sarcastic （ C） slender
7、 （ D） stressful （ A） on （ B） around （ C） up （ D） under （ A） via （ B） without （ C） without （ D） out of （ A） or （ B） but （ C） and （ D） while （ A） monopoly （ B） motion （ C） thoughts （ D） association （ A） underestimated （ B） unsettled （ C） unexpected （ D） unrecognized （ A） by （ B） as （ C） in （ D） for （
8、A） battling （ B） substituting （ C） reproaching （ D） menacing （ A） justified （ B） extended （ C） identified （ D） matched （ A） selfishness （ B） helplessness （ C） strategy （ D） emotion （ A） vibration （ B） vicinity （ C） reservation （ D） hopelessness （ A） withdraws （ B） overwhelms （ C） invades （ D） exploi
9、ts （ A） fabric （ B） patent （ C） danger （ D） passion Part A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points) 21 In 1929 John D. Rockefeller decided it was time to sell shares when even a shoe-shine boy offered him a share tip. Durin
10、g the past week The Economists economics editor has been advised by a taxi driver, a plumber and a hairdresser that “you cant go wrong“ investing in housing the more you own the better. Is this a sign that it is time to get out? At the very least, as house prices around the world climb to ever lofti
11、er heights, and more and more people jump on to the buy-to-let ladder, it is time to expose some of the fallacies regularly trotted out by so many self-appointed housing experts. One common error is that house prices must continue to rise because of a limited supply of land. For instance, it is argu
12、ed that “house prices will always rise in London because lots of people want to live here“. But this confuses the level of prices with their rate of change. Home prices are bound to be higher in big cities because of land scarcity, but this does not guarantee that urban house prices will keep rising
13、 indefinitely-just look at Tokyos huge price-drops since 1990. And, though it is true that a fixed supply of homes may push up house prices if the population is rising, this would imply a steady rise in prices, not the 20% annual jumps of recent years. A second flawed argument is that low interest r
14、ates make buying a home cheaper, and so push up demand and prices. Lower interest rates may have allowed some people, who otherwise could not have afforded a mortgage, to buy a home. But many borrowers who think mortgages are cheaper are suffering from money illusion. Interest rates are not very low
15、 in real, inflation-adjusted terms. Initial interest payments may seem low in relation to income, but because inflation is also low it will not erode the real burden of debt as swiftly as it once did. So in later years mortgage payments will be much larger in real terms. To argue that low nominal in
16、terest rates make buying a home cheaper is like arguing that a car loan paid off over four years is cheaper than one repaid over two years. Fallacy number three is a favourite claim of Alan Greenspan, chairman of Americas Federal Reserve. This is that price bubbles are less likely in housing than in
17、 the stockmarket because higher transaction costs discourage speculation. In fact, several studies have shown that both in theory and in practice bubbles are more likely in housing than in shares. A study by the IMF finds that a sharp rise in house prices is far more likely to be followed by a bust
18、than is a share-price boom. 21 The term “fallacies“ (Line 6, Paragraph 1) most probably means _. （ A） ridiculous strategies （ B） obsolete methodologies （ C） mistaken beliefs （ D） far-fetched assertions 22 What is the relationship between the opening paragraph and the rest of the text? （ A） The deadl
19、y sins are singled out in the first paragraph and then denied by the author of the text. （ B） A generalization is made in the opening paragraph and elaborated in the following paragraphs. （ C） The unusual anecdotes are quoted in the first paragraph and then articulated in the following paragraphs. （
20、 D） A generalization is advanced in the opening paragraph and refuted in the following paragraphs. 23 The author of the text makes a comparison in _. （ A） Paragraph 4 （ B） concluding paragraph （ C） Paragraph 2 （ D） opening paragraph 24 The views of Alan Greenspan and the author of the text on price
21、bubbles are _. （ A） complementary （ B） identical （ C） opposite （ D） similar 25 To which of the following is author likely to agree? （ A） It is time to illustrate some popular fallacies about buying a home. （ B） Some popular flawed arguments about buying a home should be made known to the public for
22、the time being. （ C） People should be punctual in business dealings of shares and housing. （ D） Alan Greenspans claim can hold water with respect to fallacy member three. 26 Many countries have a tradition of inviting foreigners to rule them. The English called in William of Orange in 1688, and, dep
23、ending on your interpretation of history, William of Normandy in 1066. Both did rather a good job. Returning the compliment, Albania asked a well-bred Englishman called Aubgrey Herbert to be their king in the 1920s. He refused-and they ended up with several coves called Zog. America, the country of
24、immigrants, has no truck with imported foreign talent. Article two of the constitution says that “no person except a natural-born citizen shall be eligible to the office of the president“. This is now being challenged by a particularly irresistible immigrant: Arnold Schwarzenegger. Barely a year has
25、 passed since the erstwhile cyborg swept to victory in Californias recall election, yet there is already an Amend-for-Arnold campaign collecting signatures to let the Austrian-born governor have a go at the White House. George Bush senior has weighed in on his behalf. There are several “Arnold amend
26、ments“ in Congress. one allows foreigners who have been naturalized citizens for 20 years to become president. (The Austrian became American in 1983). It is easy to dismiss the hoopla as another regrettable example of loopy celebrity politics. Mr. Schwarzenegger has made a decent start as governor,
27、but he has done little, as yet, to change the structure of his dysfunctional state. Indeed, even if the law were changed, he could well be elbowed aside by another incomer, this time from Canada. the Democratic governor of Michigan, Jennifer Granholm, who appears to have fewer skeletons in her close
28、t than the hedonistic actor. Moreover, changing the American constitution is no doddle. It has happened only 17 times since 1791 (when the first ten amendments were codified as the bill of rights). To change the constitution, an amendment has to be approved by two-thirds of both houses of Congress,
29、and then to be ratified by three-quarters of the 50 states. The Arnold amendment is hardly in the same category as abolishing slavery or giving women the vote. And, as some wags point out, Austrian imports have a pretty dodgy record of running military superpowers. 26 The author of the text makes a
30、contrast in _. （ A） Paragraph and Paragraph （ B） the opening paragraph （ C） Paragraph t and Paragraph （ D） the concluding paragraph 27 The phrase “has no truck with“ (Line 1, Paragraph 2) most probably means _. （ A） lacks means of transportation for （ B） never discriminate （ C） have no vehicle to （
31、D） refuses to consider 28 Compared with Jennifer Granholm, Mr. Schwarzenegger is at disadvantage due to _. （ A） more embarrassing secrets （ B） previous actor background （ C） excessive garment decoration （ D） less slender figure 29 The word “cyborg“ (Line 1, Paragraph 3) most probably refers to _. （
32、A） Aubgrey Herbert （ B） George Bush senior （ C） William of Orange （ D） Arnold Schwarzenegger 30 It can be inferred from the concluding paragraph that _. （ A） the American constitution is changeable and falls into a vicious cycle （ B） there is a faint chance that legal adjustments are made for Arnold
33、 running （ C） abolishing slavery and granting women the vote given an impetus to Arnold running （ D） both houses of Congress hold whether he deserves to win is another matter 31 A pair of dice, rolled again and again, will eventually produce two sixes. Similarly, the virus that causes influenza is c
34、onstantly changing at random and, one day, will mutate in a way that will enable it to infect billions of people, and to kill millions. Many experts now believe a global outbreak of pandemic flu is overdue, and that the next one could be as bad as the one in 1918, which killed somewhere between 25m
35、and 50m people. Today however, advances in medicine offer real hope that another such outbreak can be contained if governments start preparing now. New research published this week suggests that a relatively small stockpile of an antiviral drug as little as 3m doses could be enough to limit sharply
36、a flu pandemic if the drugs were deployed quickly to people in the area surrounding the initial outbreak. The drugs manufacturer, Roche, is talking to the World Health Organisation about donating such a stockpile. This is good news. But much more needs to be done, especially with a nasty strain of a
37、vian flu spreading in Asia which could mutate into a threat to humans. Since the SARS outbreak in 2003 a few countries have developed plans in preparation for similar episodes. But progress has been shamefully patchy, and there is still far too little international coordination. A global stockpile o
38、f drugs alone would not be much use without an adequate system of surveillance to identify early cases and a way of delivering treatment quickly, If an outbreak occurred in a border region, for example, a swift response would most likely depend on prior agreements between different countries about q
39、uarantine and containment. Reaching such agreements is rarely easy, but that makes the task all the more urgent, Rich countries tend to be better prepared than poor ones, but this should be no consolation to them. Flu does not respect borders. It is in everyones interest to make sure that developing
40、 countries, especially in Asia, are also well prepared. Many may bridle at interference from outside. But if richer nations were willing to donate anti-viral drugs and guarantee a supply of any vaccine that becomes available, poorer nations might be willing to reach agreements over surveillance and
41、preparedness. Simply sorting out a few details now will have lives (and recriminations) later. Will there be enough ventilators, makes and drugs? Where will people be treated if the hospitals overflow? Will food be delivered as normal? Too many countries have no answers to these questions. 31 The wo
42、rd “contained“ (Line 6, Paragraph 1) most probably means _. （ A） checked （ B） duplicated （ C） included （ D） forecast 32 According to the text, it is upsetting that _. （ A） the flu-catching is more pervasive the world over （ B） the cause of initial outbreak has not been identified （ C） global co-ordi
43、nation is yet to well develop （ D） people still have no answers concerning surveillance and containment 33 The speed of remedy dispatch is of importance to _. （ A） the recovery of the infected patient （ B） the treatment of the ailing sufferer （ C） the prevention of a flu pandemic （ D） the efficiency
44、 of large supply of drugs 34 According to the text, which of the followings is not readily made _. （ A） publications of new research with respect to the supply of the interference from outside （ B） construction of an adequate system of surveillance of early influenza cases （ C） availability of anti-
45、viral drugs and any vaccine in underdeveloped nations （ D） contracts between various nations concerning quarantine and containment 35 The best title for the text would be _. （ A） The World Must Prepare for Pandemic Influenza （ B） Similar Episodes of Initial Outbreak Are Always Evasive to Laymen （ C）
46、 The Government Should Take Lead in the Prevention of Pandemic Influenza （ D） The World Health Organization Must Authorize the Relevant Rescue System as Is Discussed in the Text. 36 Companies have embarked on what looks like the beginnings of a re-run of the mergers and acquisitions (M too often, ma
47、king time for our friends comes last on the list of priorities. And yet, ironically, we need our friends as much as ever in adulthood. A friendship network is absolutely crucial for our well-being as adults. We have to do the hard work of building and sustaining the network. Here are some important
48、ways for accomplishing this. Let go of your less central friendships. Many of our friendships were never meant to last a lifetime. Its natural that some friendships have time limits. Furthermore, now everyone has a busy social calendar, so pull back from some people that you dont really want to draw
49、 close to and give the most promising friendship a fair chance to grow. (41) Be willing to “drop everything“ when youre truly needed. You may get a call from a friend who is really depressed over a certain problem when you are just sitting down to enjoy a romantic dinner with your husband. This is just one of those instances when a friends needs mattered more. (42) Take advantage of the mails. Nearly all of us h
