1、考研英语模拟试卷 47及答案与解析 一、 Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 1 Energy will be one of the defining issues of this century. One thing is clear: the era of (1)_ Oil is over. What we all do next will
2、 determine how well we meet the energy needs of the entire world in this century and (2)_. Demand is soaring like (3)_ before. As populations grow and economies (4)_, millions in the developing world are enjoying the benefits of a lifestyle that (5)_ increasing amounts of energy. In fact, some say t
3、hat in 20 years the world will (6)_ 40% more oil than it does today. At the same time, many of the worlds oil and gas fields are (7)_. And new energy discoveries are mainly occurring in places where resources are difficult to (8)_, physically, economically and even politically. When growing demand m
4、eets (9)_ supplies, the result is more (10)_ for the same resources. We can wait until a crisis forces us to do something. (11)_ we can (12)_ to working together, and start by asking the (13)_ questions: How do we meet the energy needs of the developing world and those of industrialized nations? Wha
5、t role will renewables and (14)_ energies play? What is the best way to protect our environment? How do we accelerate our conservation efforts? (15)_ actions we take, we must look not just to next year, (16)_ to the next 50 years. At Chevron, we believe that innovation, collaboration and conservatio
6、n are the (17)_ on which to build this new world. We cannot do this alone. Corporations, governments and every citizen of this planet must be part of the solution as (18)_ as they are part of the problem. We (19)_ scientists and educators, politicians and policy-makers, environmentalists, leaders of
7、 industry and each one of you to be part of (20)_ the next era of energy. （ A） fossil （ B） eternal （ C） easy （ D） formidable （ A） after （ B） beyond （ C） later （ D） afterward （ A） never （ B） long （ C） ever （ D） sometime （ A） take on （ B） take to （ C） take off （ D） take after （ A） acquires （ B） requir
8、es （ C） rescues （ D） inquires （ A） consume （ B） restrain （ C） resume （ D） comprise （ A） emerging （ B） menacing （ C） erupting （ D） maturing （ A） extract （ B） construct （ C） extol （ D） extemporize （ A） ampler （ B） surplus （ C） emergent （ D） tighter （ A） accommodation （ B） competition （ C） stimulation
9、（ D） cooperation （ A） Or else （ B） Nevertheless （ C） Or （ D） Albeit （ A） commit （ B） strive （ C） conduct （ D） simulate （ A） novel （ B） toxic （ C） numerous （ D） tough （ A） alternate （ B） subterranean （ C） alternative （ D） abundant （ A） Once （ B） However （ C） Although （ D） Whatever （ A） but then （ B）
10、but （ C） but yet （ D） but for （ A） milestones （ B） milieu （ C） cornerstones （ D） correspondence （ A） symbolically （ B） synchronously （ C） swiftly （ D） surely （ A） call upon （ B） call off （ C） call forth （ D） call over （ A） revoking （ B） reshaping （ C） reverting （ D） reversing Part A Directions: Read
11、 the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points) 21 John Battelle is Silicon Valleys Bob Woodward. One of the founders of Wired magazine, he has hung around Google for so long that he has come to be as close as any outsider can to actually being a
12、n insider. Certainly, Googles founders, Sergey Brin and Larry Page, and its chief executive, Eric Schmidt, believe that it is safer to talk to Mr. Battelle than not to do so. The result is a highly readable account of Googles astonishing rise the steepest in corporate history from its origins in Sta
13、nford University to its controversial stockmarket debut and its current struggle to become a grown-up company while staying true to its youthfully brash motto, “Dont be evil“. Mr. Battelle makes the reader warm to Googles ruling triumvirate their cleverness and their good intentions and fear for the
14、ir future as they take on the world. Google is one of the most interesting companies around at the moment. It has a decent shot at displacing Microsoft as the next great near-monopoly of the information age. Its ambition to organise all the worlds information, not just the information on the world w
15、ide web is epic, and its commercial power is frightening, Beyond this, Google is interesting for the same reason that secretive dictatorships and Hollywood celebrities are interesting for being opaque, colourful and, simply, itself. The book disappoints only when Mr. Battelle begins trying to explai
16、n the wider relevance of internet search and its possible future development. There is a lot to say on this subject, but Mr. Battelle is hurried and overly chatty, producing laundry lists of geeky concepts without really having thought any of them through properly. This is not a fatal flaw. Read onl
17、y the middle chapters, and you have a great book. 21 The phrase “warm to“ in the last sentence of the second paragraph most probably means _. （ A） become evaporated through （ B） be fed up with （ C） be heated to （ D） become more interested in 22 Google is eye-catching due to its _. （ A） distinctivene
18、ss （ B） infiniteness （ C） selfishness （ D） aggressiveness 23 The work by John Battelle would be perfected if appropriate consideration is given to _. （ A） the relationship between internet research and its potential future development （ B） secretive dictatorships and Hollywood celebrities under cont
19、rol （ C） the disappointments in Google and its rivals in respects to geeky concepts （ D） companies interests in Google at the moment when the worlds economy is booming 24 According to the text, the authors attitude toward Mr. Battelle s work is _. （ A） strong disapproval （ B） total denial （ C） quali
20、fied consent （ D） enthusiastic support 25 The text seems to be _. （ A） a scientific paper （ B） a book review （ C） a graduation dissertation （ D） an academic criticism 26 “Im a total geek all around“, says Angela Byron, a 27-year-old computer programmer who has just graduated from Nova Scotia Communi
21、ty College. And yet, like many other students, she “never had the confidence“ to approach any of the various open-source software communities on the internet distributed teams of volunteers who collaborate to build software that is then made freely available. But thanks to Google, the worlds most po
22、pular search engine and one of the biggest proponents of open-source software, Ms Byron spent the summer contributing code to Drupal, an open-source project that automates the management of websites. “Its awesome“, she says. Ms Byron is one of 419 students (out of 8,744 who applied) who were accepte
23、d for Googles “summer of code“. While it sounds like a hyper-nerdy summer camp, the students neither went to Googles campus in Mountain View, California, nor to wherever their mentors at the 41 participating open-source projects happened to be located. Instead, Google acted as a matchmaker and spons
24、or. Each of the participating open-source projects received $500 for every student it took on; and each student received $4,500 ($500 right away, and $4,000 on completion of their work). Oh, and a T-shirt. All of this is the idea of Chris DiBona, Googles open-source boss, who was brainstorming with
25、Larry Page and Sergey Brin, Googles founders, last year. They realised that a lot of programming talent goes to waste every summer because students take summer jobs flipping burgers to make money, and let their coding skills degrade. “We want to make it better for students in the summer“, says Mr. D
26、iBona, adding that it also helps the open- source community and thus, indirectly, Google, which uses lots of open-source software behind the scenes. Plus, says Mr. DiBona, “it does become an opportunity for recruiting“. Elliot Cohen, a student at Berkeley, spent his summer writing a “Bayesian networ
27、k toolbox“ for Python, an open-source programming language. “Im a pretty big fan of Google“, he says. He has an interview scheduled with Microsoft, but “Google is the only big company that I would work at“, he says. And if that doesnt work out, he now knows people in the open-source community, “and
28、its a lot less intimidating“. 26 Ms Byrons comment on her own summer experiment is _. （ A） negative （ B） biased （ C） puzzling （ D） enthusiastic 27 It can be inferred from the second paragraph that the participants of Googles “summer of code“ have _. （ A） been selected （ B） been educated （ C） been bl
29、amed （ D） been enlightened 28 The work of the participating open-source projects conducted by students, according to the text, is _. （ A） incoherent （ B） rewarded （ C） incessant （ D） gratuitous 29 The idea of Chris DiBona, according to the text, is enriched by _. （ A） T-shirt sales （ B） open-source
30、（ C） programmers talent （ D） others wisdom 30 Elliot Cohen is mentioned in the text so as to _. （ A） illustrate the indirect effect of “summer of code“ on Googles recruitment （ B） indicate the academic level of Berkeley, USA （ C） clarify Elliot Cohens summer experience in writing network toolbox （ D
31、） lay emphasis on the fact that university students are big fans of Google 31 Soon after his appointment as secretary-general of the United Nations in 1997, Kofi Annan lamented that he was being accused of failing to reform the world body in six weeks. “But what are you complaining about?“ asked the
32、 Russian ambassador. “Youve had more time than God“. Ah, Mr. Annan quipped back, “but God had one big advantage. He worked alone without a General Assembly, a Security Council and (all) the committees“. Recounting that anecdote to journalists in New York this week, Mr. Annan sought to explain why a
33、draft declaration on UN reform and tackling world poverty, due to be endorsed by some 150 heads of state and government at a world summit in the city on September 14th-16th, had turned into such a pale shadow of the proposals that he himself had put forward in March. “With 191 member states“, he sig
34、hed, “its not easy to get an agreement“. Most countries put the blame on the United States, in the form of its abrasive new ambassador, John Bolton, for insisting at the end of August on hundreds of last-minute amendments and a line-by-line renegotiation of a text most others had thought was almost
35、settled. But a group of middle-income developing nations, including Pakistan, Cuba, Iran, Egypt, Syria and Venezuela, also came up with plenty of last-minute changes of their own. The risk of having no document at all, and thus nothing for the worlds leaders to come to New York for, was averted only
36、 by marathon all-night and all-weekend talks. The 35-page final document is not wholly devoid of substance. It calls for the creation of a Peacebuilding Commission to supervise the reconstruction of countries after wars; the replacement of the discredited UN Commission on Human Rights by a supposedl
37、y tougher Human Rights Council; the recognition of a new “responsibility to protect“ peoples from genocide and other atrocities when national authorities fail to take action, including, if necessary, by force; and an “early“ reform of the Security Council. Although much pared down, all these proposa
38、ls have at least survived. Others have not. Either they proved so contentious that they were omitted altogether, such as the sections on disarmament and non-proliferation and the International Criminal Court, or they were watered down to little more than empty platitudes. The important section on co
39、llective security and the use of force no longer even mentions the vexed issue of pre-emptive strikes; meanwhile the section on terrorism condemns it “in all its forms and manifestations, committed by whomever, wherever and for whatever purposes“, but fails to provide the clear definition the Americ
40、ans wanted. Both Mr. Annan and, more surprisingly, George Bush have nevertheless sought to put a good face on things, with Mr. Annan describing the summit document as “an important step forward“ and Mr. Bush saying the UN had taken “the first steps“ towards reform. Mr. Annan and Mr. Bolton are deter
41、mined to go a lot further. It is now up to the General Assembly to flesh out the documents skeleton proposals and propose new ones. But its chances of success appear slim. 31 Who have recently listened to the story in the first paragraph of the text? （ A） Ambassadors. （ B） UN officials. （ C） The wor
42、lds leaders. （ D） Reporters. 32 It can be inferred from the third paragraph that _. （ A） it took much time to have a UN document （ B） it was a piece of cake to reach an agreement with approximately 200 member states （ C） few nations were resented at American diplomatic activities （ D） only developin
43、g countries came up with last-minute changes 33 The authors attitude toward the UN final document is _. （ A） biased （ B） indifferent （ C） skeptical （ D） impartial 34 According to the text, empty platitudes might be found in the section on _. （ A） Peacebuilding Commission （ B） UN Commission on Human
44、Rights （ C） terrorism （ D） the Security Council 35 According to the last paragraph, the General Assembly _. （ A） is deleting the documents skeleton proposals （ B） is determined to go further toward disarmament （ C） is attempting to put forward new proposals （ D） is unlikely to work out relevant deta
45、ils and advance novel proposals 36 The term “disruptive technology“ is popular, but is widely misused. It refers not simply to a clever new technology, but to one that undermines an existing technology, and which therefore makes life very difficult for the many businesses which depend on the existin
46、g way of doing things. Twenty years ago, the personal computer was a classic example. It swept aside an older mainframe-based style of computing, and eventually brought IBM, one of the worlds mightiest firms at the time, to its knees. This week has been a coming-out party of sorts for another disrup
47、tive technology, “voice over internet protocol“ (VOIP), which promises to be even more disruptive, and of even greater benefit to consumers, than personal computers. VOIPs leading proponent is Skype, a small firm whose software allows people to make free calls to other Skype users over the internet,
48、 and very cheap calls to traditional telephones all of which spells trouble for incumbent telecoms operators. On September 12th, eBay, the leading online auction-house, announced that it was buying Skype for $2.6 billion, plus an additional $1.5 billion if Skype hits certain performance targets in c
49、oming years. This seems a vast sum to pay for a company that has only $60m in revenues and has yet to turn a profit. Yet eBay was not the only company interested in buying Skype. Microsoft, Yahoo!, News Corporation and Google were all said to have also considered the idea. Perhaps eBay, rather like some over-excited bidder in one of its own auctions, has paid too much. The company says it pla
