1、考研英语模拟试卷 52及答案与解析 一、 Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 1 Even plants can run a fever, especially when they are under attack by insects or disease. But (1)_ humans, plants can have their tem
2、perature (2)_ from 3,000 feet away straight up. A decade ago, (3)_ the infrared scanning technology developed for military purpose and other satellites, physicist Stephen Paley (4)_ a quick way to take the temperature of crops to determine (5)_ ones are under stress. The goal was to let farmer (6)_
3、target pesticide spraying (7)_ rain poison on a whole field, which (8)_ include plants that dont have the pest problem. Even better, Paleys Remote Scanning Services Company could detect crop problem before they became (9)_ to the eye. Mounted on a plane flown at 3,000 fee (10)_, an infrared scanner
4、measured the heat emitted by crops. The data were (11)_ into a color-coded map showing (12)_ plants were running “fevers“. Farmers could then spot spray, using 50 to 70 percent less pesticide than they (13)_ would. The bad news is that Paleys company closed down in 1984, after only three years. Farm
5、ers (14)_ the new technology and long-term backers were hard (15)_. But with the renewed concern about pesticides on produce, and refinements in infrared scanning, Paley hopes to (16)_ into operation. Agriculture experts have no doubt about the technology works. “This technique can be used (17)_ 75
6、percent of agricultural land in the United States“, says George Oerther of Texas A M. Ray Jackson, who recently retired from the Department of Agriculture, thinks (18)_ infrared crop scanning could be adopted by the end of the decade. But (19)_ Paley finds the financial backing (20)_ he failed to ob
7、tain 10 years ago. （ A） as （ B） with （ C） like （ D） unlike （ A） taken （ B） take （ C） took （ D） taking （ A） adopted （ B） adopting （ C） adapted （ D） adapting （ A） put up with （ B） came up to （ C） came up with （ D） stood up to （ A） whose （ B） which （ C） what （ D） where （ A） precisely （ B） extraordinari
8、ly （ C） exceedingly （ D） extremely （ A） more than （ B） less than （ C） rather than （ D） other than （ A） dominantly （ B） deliberately （ C） accidentally （ D） invariably （ A） seeming （ B） clear （ C） apparent （ D） visible （ A） at night （ B） for the night （ C） in night （ D） over night （ A） transmitted （ B
9、） transferred （ C） transformed （ D） transported （ A） how （ B） where （ C） what （ D） when （ A） otherwise （ B） still （ C） thus （ D） therefore （ A） persisted in （ B） resisted （ C） insisted on （ D） assisted （ A） to find out （ B） to be found （ C） to find （ D） to be found on （ A） get off （ B） get out （ C）
10、get away （ D） get back （ A） of （ B） in （ C） for （ D） on （ A） remote （ B） lonely （ C） removed （ D） desolate （ A） even if （ B） if only （ C） only if （ D） though （ A） where （ B） which （ C） how （ D） when Part A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,
11、 B, C or D. (40 points) 21 As Eleanor Roosevelt once said, “Universal human rights begin in small places, close to home“. And Tolerance.org, a Web site from the Southern Poverty Law Center, is helping parents across the country create homes in which tolerance and understanding are guiding themes. “T
12、he goal of nurturing open-minded, empathetic children is a challenging one“, says Jennifer Holladay, director of Tolerance. org. “To cultivate tolerance, parents have to instill in children a sense of empathy, respect and responsibility to oneself and to others as well as the recognition that every
13、person on earth is a treasure“. Holladay offers several ways parents can promote tolerance: Talk about tolerance. Tolerance education is an ongoing process; it cannot be captured in a single moment. Establish a high comfort level for open dialogue about social issues. Let children know that no subje
14、ct is taboo. Identify intolerance when children are exposed to it. Point out stereotypes and cultural misinformation depicted in movies, TV shows, computer games and other media. Challenge bias when it comes from friends and family members. Do not let the moment pass. Begin with a qualified statemen
15、t: “Andrew just called people of XYZ faith lunatics. What do you think about that, Zoe?“ Let children do most of the talking. Challenge intolerance when it comes from your children. When a child says or does something that reflects biases or embraces stereotypes, confront the child: “What makes that
16、 joke funny, Jerome?“ Guide the conversation toward internalization of empathy and respect “Mimi uses a walker, honey. How do you think she would feel about that joke?“ or “How did you feel when Robbie made fun of your glasses last week?“ Support your children when they are the victims of intoleranc
17、e. Respect childrens troubles by acknowledging when they become targets of bias. Dont minimize the experience. Provide emotional support and then brainstorm constructive responses. For example, develop a set of comebacks to use when children are the victims of name-calling. Create opportunities for
18、children to interact with people who are different from them. Look critically at how a child defines “normal“. Expand the definition. Visit playgrounds where a variety of children are present people of different races, socioeconomic backgrounds, family structures, etc. Encourage a child to spend tim
19、e with elders grandparents, for example. Encourage children to call upon community resources. A child who is concerned about world hunger can volunteer at a local soup kitchen or homeless shelter. The earlier children interact with the community, the better. This will help convey the lesson that we
20、are not islands unto ourselves. Model the behavior you would like to see. As a parent and as your childs primary role model, be consistent in how you treat others. Remember, you may say, “Do as I say, not as I do“, but actions really do speak louder than words. 21 Which of the following statements i
21、s TRUE about Tolerance. org? （ A） It is a Web site from the Northern Poverty Law Center. （ B） It is helping parents across the country create homes for those orphans. （ C） The goal is to challenge those intolerant children. （ D） It helps parents cultivate a sense of empathy and responsibility in the
22、ir children. 22 The word “taboo“ (Para. 2) most probably means“_“. （ A） intolerance （ B） forbidden customs （ C） secret dialogues （ D） inappropriate issues 23 The example of asking “How did you feel when Robbie made fun of your glasses last week?“ is to illustrate that it is indispensable to_. （ A） c
23、hallenge intolerance when it comes from your children （ B） identify intolerance when children are exposed to it （ C） support your children when they are the victims of intolerance （ D） create opportunities for children to interact with people who are different from them 24 According to the passage,
24、children are encouraged to join in many activities other than_. （ A） live in homeless shelter （ B） spend time with elders （ C） volunteer at a local soup kitchen （ D） visit playgrounds where a variety of children are present 25 According to Jennifer Holladay, who are childrens primary role models? （
25、A） Their teachers. （ B） Their parents. （ C） Their grandparents. （ D） Their peers. 26 Every year New Zealanders living in London can be seen loading up Kombi vans and heading off to experience the “classic European holiday“. The trip usually starts in the north of France, after crossing the channel f
26、rom Dover in England to Calais, driving down through France, over the Pyrenees into Spain, west into Portugal and then across the Continent to Italy and often beyond. There are numerous reasons young New Zealanders take this rite of passage as well as seeing all the fantastic sights and tasting the
27、delights of Europes food and wine, its relatively inexpensive. The Kombi is transport and accommodation all in one, cutting down significantly on costs. There is just one problem. As the Kombis become “antique“, these trips are usually punctuated with numerous roadside sessions as the van sits idle,
28、 in no hurry to start, while you swelter in the hot sun. But do not let this deter you. Travelling Europe in your own vehicle means no public transport schedules to cramp your style, the ability to explore the quaint, off-the-beaten-track villages where the “real“ locals live, freedom to not have to
29、 book accommodation in advance you can nearly always get a campsite and can load your vehicle with cheap, fantastic regional wines and souvenirs. With these bonuses in mind, here are some suggestions for planning the great Europe road adventure. The key to a pleasurable driving experience is a good
30、navigator and a driver with a cool head. If you do not feel relaxed driving around New Zealands cities and highways, then you probably will not enjoy driving around Europe. As co-pilot to the driver, you need to read (and understand) maps, look out for turn-offs and keep the music playing. Language
31、is not a big problem once a few essential terms are mastered. The biggest challenge is in the cities, where traffic can be chaotic and elaborate one-way systems and narrow, cobbled alleyways can make finding your destination hard work. It can be easier to leave the vehicle on the outskirts of town o
32、r in a camping ground and use public transport. This also avoids paying for costly parking. 26 According to the passage, the trip usually starts in_. （ A） France （ B） England （ C） Spain （ D） Italy 27 The word “Kombi“ (Para. 1) most probably means “_“. （ A） the name of the trip （ B） the friend going
33、with you （ C） the brand of the van （ D） the name of a hotel 28 In the sentence “its relatively inexpensive“ (Para. 2) “it“ most probably refers to_. （ A） the trip （ B） the transportation （ C） the accommodation （ D） the food and wine 29 What is the biggest trouble? （ A） The Kombis become too old. （ B
34、） Language. （ C） People may not enjoy the driving experience. （ D） Finding ones destination is hard for the busy traffic in-cities. 30 What is the nationality of the target readers? （ A） New Zealand （ B） England （ C） France （ D） Spain 31 The first big-name hackers include Steve Wozniak, Bill Gates a
35、nd Linus Torvalds, all now highly recognizable names behind many of the computer technologies used today. These early hackers had a love of technology and a compelling need to know how it all worked, and their goal was to push programs beyond what they were designed to do. Back then, the word “hacke
36、r“ didnt have the negative connotation it has today. The original hacker ethic, rooted out of simple curiosity and a need to be challenged, appears to be dead. The objectives of early hackers are a far cry from the goals of todays hacker. The motivation of the new breed of hackers appears not to be
37、curiosity, or a hunger for knowledge, as it used to be. Instead, most of todays hackers are driven by greed, power, revenge, or some other malicious intent, treating hacking as a game or sport, employing the tools that are readily available via the Internet. The rate of security attacks is actually
38、outpacing the growth of the Internet. This means that something besides the growth of the Internet is driving the rise in security attacks. Here are some realities you should know about: Operating systems and applications will never be secure. New vulnerabilities will be introduced into your environ
39、ment every day. And even if you ever do get one operating system secure, there will be new operating systems with new vulnerabilities phones, wireless devices, and network appliances. Employees will never keep up with security polices and awareness. It doesnt matter how much you train and educate yo
40、ur employees. If your employees disregard warnings about the hazards of opening questionable email attachments, how are you going to educate them about properly configuring firewalls and intrusion detection systems for their PCs? Managers have more responsibility than ever. And on top of the realiti
41、es listed above, security managers are being asked to support increasing degrees of network availability and access. There are some good security measures you can take: Employ a layer 7, full-inspection firewall. Automatically update your anti-virus at the gateway, server and client. Keep all of you
42、r systems and applications updated. Hackers commonly break into a Web site through known security holes, so make sure your servers and applications are patched and up to date. Turn off unnecessary network services. Eliminate all unneeded programs. Scan network for common backdoor services Use intrus
43、ion detection systems, vulnerability scans, anti virus protection. 31 Which of the following statements of Steve Wozniak, Bill Gates and Linus Torvalds is TRUE? （ A） They are all good examples of todays computer users. （ B） They are driven by greed, power, revenge, or some other malicious intent. （
44、C） Their goal is to push programs beyond what they are designed to do. （ D） They are all dead. 32 The word “hacker“ (Para. 1) most probably means“_“. （ A） highly recognizable names behind many of the computer technologies used today （ B） the negative connotation of those computer users （ C） a game,
45、employing the tools that are readily available via the Internet （ D） people who break into computer systems 33 Which of the following is NOT true of security attacks? （ A） Employees will keep Up with security polices and awareness if they are highly-trained. （ B） The rate of security attacks appears
46、 faster than the growth of the Internet. （ C） Ones computer system will never be secure. （ D） Vulnerabilities can go through phones, wireless devices, and network appliances. 34 What is the most important one among the realities listed? （ A） New vulnerabilities will be introduced into your environme
47、nt every day. （ B） If employees disregard warnings about the hazards of opening questionable email attachments, the manager should educate them about properly Configuring firewalls and intrusion detection systems for their PCs. （ C） Managers have more responsibility than ever. （ D） Security managers
48、 are asked to support increasing degrees of network availability and access. 35 Various security measures are recommended EXCEPT_. （ A） turning off network services （ B） employing a full-inspection firewall （ C） making sure that servers and applications are patched （ D） eliminating all unneeded prog
49、rams 36 A recent history of the Chicago meat-packing industry and its workers examines how the industry grew from its appearance in the 1830s through the early 1890s. Meatpackers, the author argues, had good wages, working conditions, and prospects for advancement within the packinghouses, and did not cooperate with labor agitators since labor relations were so harmonious. Because the history maintains that conditions were above st
