1、考研英语模拟试卷 56及答案与解析 一、 Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 1 Many foreigners who have not visited Britain call all the inhabitants English, for they are used to thinking of the British Isles as
2、 England. (1)_, the British Isles contain a variety of peoples, and only the people of England call themselves English. The others (2)_ to themselves as Welsh, Scottish, or Irish, (3)_ the case may be; they are often slightly annoyed (4)_ being classified as “English“. Even in England there are many
3、 (5)_ in regional character and speech. The chief (6)_ is between southern England and northern England. South of a (7)_ going from Bristol to London, people speak the type of English usually learnt by foreign students, (8)_ there are local variations. Further north, regional speech is usually“ (9)_
4、 “than that of southern Britain. Northerners are (10)_ to claim that they work harder than Southerners, and are more (11)_ They are openhearted and hospitable; foreigners often find that they make friends with them (12)_. Northerners generally have hearty (13)_: the visitor to Lancashire or Yorkshir
5、e, for instance, may look forward to receiving generous (14)_ at meal times. In accent and character the people of the Midlands (15)_ a gradual change from the southern to the northern type of Englishman. In Scotland the sound (16)_ by the letter “R“ is generally a strong sound, and “R“ is often pro
6、nounced in words in which it would be (17)_ in southern English. The Scots are said to be a serious, cautious, thrifty people, (18)_ inventive and somewhat mystical. All the Celtic peoples of Britain (the Welsh, the Irish, the Scots) are frequently (19)_ as being more “fiery“ than the English. They
7、are (20)_ a race that is quite distinct from the English. （ A） In consequence （ B） In brief （ C） In general （ D） In fact （ A） confine （ B） attach （ C） refer （ D） add （ A） as （ B） which （ C） for （ D） so （ A） with （ B） by （ C） at （ D） for （ A） similarities （ B） differences （ C） certainties （ D） featur
8、es （ A） factor （ B） virtue （ C） privilege （ D） division （ A） line （ B） row （ C） border （ D） scale （ A） who （ B） when （ C） though （ D） for （ A） wider （ B） broader （ C） rarer （ D） scarcer （ A） used （ B） apt （ C） possible （ D） probable （ A） perfect （ B） notorious （ C） superior （ D） thorough （ A） swiftl
9、y （ B） promptly （ C） immediately （ D） quickly （ A） appetites （ B） tastes （ C） interests （ D） senses （ A） helpings （ B） offerings （ C） fillings （ D） findings （ A） represent （ B） designate （ C） demonstrate （ D） reckon （ A） delivered （ B） denoted （ C） depicted （ D） defined （ A） quiet （ B） obscure （ C）
10、faint （ D） silent （ A） rather （ B） still （ C） somehow （ D） even （ A） rendered （ B） thought （ C） impressed （ D） described （ A） with （ B） of （ C） among （ D） against Part A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points) 21 September
11、 11th 2001 drew the transatlantic alliance together; but the mood did not last, and over the five years since it has pulled ever further apart. A recent poll for the German Marshall Fund shows that 57% of Europeans regard American leadership in world affairs as “undesirable“. The Iraq war is mainly
12、to blame. But there is another and more intractable reason for the growing division: God. Europeans worry that American foreign policy under George Bush is too influenced by religion. The “holy warriors“ who hijacked the planes on September 11th reintroduced God into international affairs in the mos
13、t dramatic of ways. It seems that George Bush is replying in kind, encouraging a clash of religions that could spell global catastrophe. Dominique Moisi, a special adviser at the French Institute for International Relations, argues that “the combination of religion and nationalism in America is frig
14、htening. We feel betrayed by God and by nationalism, which is why we are building the European Union as a barrier to religious warfare“. Josef Braml, of the German Institute for International and Security Affairs, complains that in America “religious attitudes have more of an influence on political
15、choices than in any other western democracy“. The notion that America is too influenced by religion is not confined to the elites. Three in five French people and nearly as many Dutch think that Americans are too religious and that religion skews what should be secular decisions. Europeans who think
16、 that America is “too religious“ are more inclined to anti-Americanism than their fellow countrymen. 38% of Britons have an unfavourable view of America, but that number rises to 50% among people who are wary of American religiosity. Is America engaged in a faith-based foreign policy? Religion certa
17、inly exerts a growing influence on its actions in the world, but in ways more subtle and complicated than Europeans imagine. It is true that America is undergoing a religious revival “Hot“ religions such as evangelical Protestantism and hardline Catholicism are growing rapidly while “cool“ mainline
18、versions of Christianity are declining. It is also true that the Republican Party is being reshaped by this revival. Self-identified evangelicals provided almost 40% of Mr. Bushs vote in 2004; if you add in other theological conservatives, such as Mormons and traditional Catholics, that number rises
19、 closer to 60%. All six top Republican leaders in the Senate have earned 100% ratings from the Christian Coalition. It is also true that Mr. Bush frequently uses religious rhetoric when talking of foreign affairs. On September 12th he was at it again, telling a group of conservative journalists that
20、 he sees the war on terror as “a confrontation between good and evil“, and remarking, “It seems to me that theres a Third Awakening“ (in other words, an outbreak of Christian evangelical fervour, of the sort that has swept across America at least twice before). And Christian America overall is takin
21、g a bigger interest in foreign policy. New voices are being heard, Such as Sam Brownback, a conservative senator from Kansas who has led the fight against genocide in Darfur, and Rick Warren, the author of a bestseller called The Purpose-Driven Life, who is sending 2,000 missionaries to Rwanda. Fina
22、lly, it is true that religious figures have done some pretty outrageous things. Pat Robertson called for the assassination of Hugo Chavez, the president of Venezuela. Lieutenant-General William “Jerry“ Boykin, deputy under-secretary of defense for intelligence, toured the country telling Christian g
23、roups that radical Muslims hate America “because were a Christian nation and the enemy is a guy named Satan“. He often wore uniform. 21 The increasing transatlantic schism, according to the text, results from _. （ A） terrorist attacks （ B） American reliance on deity （ C） intractable reason （ D） mult
24、iple factors 22 The phrase “in kind“ in the last sentence of the second paragraph most probably denotes _. （ A） with something tender （ B） with kindness （ C） out of charity impulse （ D） with something similar 23 The view mentioned in the third paragraph at least prevail among _. （ A） the European Un
25、ion （ B） the religious establishment （ C） the special adviser （ D） the elites 24 With which of the following statements would the author be most likely to agree? （ A） Americas foreign policy seems strongly influenced by religion. But that influence is much more complex than its critics suppose. （ B）
26、 In the world of good and evil American foreign policy is bound to be fruitless. （ C） The growing disparity which is created by God has been existing. But the gulf of the transatlantic alliance will be bridged. （ D） Religious figures have made some pretty outrageous things that could be compromised
27、by means non-violent means. 25 The author evidences his own notion by advancing _. （ A） four facts （ B） far-fetched pretexts （ C） random hypothesis （ D） powerful preachers 26 It is no longer just dirty blue-collar jobs in manufacturing that are being sucked offshore but also white-collar service job
28、s, which used to be considered safe from foreign competition. Telecoms charges have tumbled, allowing workers in far-flung locations to be connected cheaply to customers in the developed world. This has made it possible to offshore services that were once non-tradable. Morgan Stanleys Mr. Roach has
29、been drawing attention to the fact that the “global labour arbitrage“ is moving rapidly to the better kinds of jobs. It is no longer just basic data processing and call centres that are being outsourced to low-wage countries, but also software programming, medical diagnostics, engineering design, la
30、w, accounting, finance and business consulting. These can now be delivered electronically from anywhere in the world, exposing skilled white-collar workers to greater competition. The standard retort to such arguments is that outsourcing abroad is too small to matter much. So far fewer than lm Ameri
31、can service-sector jobs have been lost to off-shoring. Forrester Research forecasts that by 2015 a total of 3.4m jobs in services will have moved abroad, but that is tiny compared with the 30m jobs destroyed and created in America every year. The trouble is that such studies allow only for the sorts
32、 of jobs that are already being off-shored, when in reality the proportion of jobs that can be moved will rise as IT advances and education improves in emerging economies. Alan Blinder, an economist at Princeton University, believes that most economists are underestimating the disruptive effects of
33、off-shoring, and that in future two to three times as many service jobs will be susceptible to off-shoring as in manufacturing. This would imply that at least 30% of all jobs might be at risk. In practice the number of jobs off-shored to China or India is likely to remain fairly modest. Even so, the
34、 mere threat that they could be shifted will depress wages: Moreover, says Mr. Blinder, education offers no protection. Highly skilled accountants, radiologists or computer programmers now have to compete with electronically delivered competition from abroad, whereas humble taxi drivers, janitors an
35、d crane operators remain safe from off-shoring. This may help to explain why the real median wage of American graduates hat fallen by 6% since 2000, a bigger decline than in average wages. In the 1980s and early 1990s, the pay gap between low-paid, low-skilled workers and high-paid, high-skilled wor
36、kers widened significantly. But since then, according to a study by David Autor, Lawrence Katz and Melissa Kearney, in America, Britain and Germany workers at the bottom as well as at the top have done better than those in the middle-income group. Office cleaning cannot be done by workers in India.
37、It is the easily standardised skilled job? in the middle, such as accounting, that are now being squeezed hardest. A study by Bradford Jensen and Lori Kletzer, at the Institute for International Economics in Washington D.C., confirms that workers in tradable services that are exposed to foreign comp
38、etition tend to be more skilled than workers in non-tradable services and tradable manufacturing industries. 26 To offshore services that were once non-tradable results from _. （ A） the blue-collar job market （ B） the geographic location of the Underdeveloped worlc1 （ C） the fierce competition among
39、 skilled workers （ D） the dive of telecoms fee 27 Which of the following statements is the typical reply concerning off-shoring? （ A） Service-sector has sustained a great loss. （ B） White-collar workers will not have a narrow escape. （ C） Most economists underestimated the effects of off-shoring. （
40、D） Outsourcing abroad has no significant impact. 28 According to the text, Forrester Research Prediction might be different if _. （ A） outsourcing abroad is large enough to matter much （ B） the proportion of jobs that can be moved will rise （ C） more comprehensive factors are taken into account （ D）
41、 education improvement in emerging economies plays a role 29 The narrative of the text in the last three paragraphs concentrates on _. （ A） the standard retort to the arguments （ B） off-shoring and the resulting income （ C） the future off-shoring （ D） the counter-measures at hand 30 Which of the fol
42、lowing could be the best title for the text? （ A） Business consulting. （ B） Blue-collar jobs. （ C） Non-tradable services. （ D） White-collar blues. 31 Few beyond Californias technology crowd recognise the name Larry Sonsini; none within its circle could fail to. For four decades he has been lawyer, a
43、dviser and friend to many prominent companies and investors. Some consider him the most powerful person in Silicon Valley. Companies beg for his law firm to represent them. The 65-year-old chairman of Wilson Sonsini Goodrich and more recently, as outside counsel to Hewlett-Packard (HP), for initiall
44、y defending the boards dubious investigative practices. WSG work by younger artists such as Surendran Naif and Shibu Natesan beat estimates by more than 70%. Sothebys and Christies have auctions in New York next week, each with a Tyeb Mehta that is expected to fetch more than $1 million. The real qu
45、estion is the fate of other works, including some by Mr. Souza with estimates of up to $600,000. If they do well, it will demonstrate that there is strong demand and will pull up prices across the board. This looks like a market with a long way to run. 36 It can be inferred from the second paragraph
46、 that the recent rapid development of Indian modern art is closely associated with _. （ A） economic boom （ B） real estate （ C） electronic element （ D） international action 37 According to the third paragraph, the expensive art can be seen as an ideal means of _. （ A） triumph （ B） appreciation （ C） a
47、ssessment （ D） investment 38 Which of the following is true according to the text? （ A） People attached importance to modern Indian art long before the end of 1980s. （ B） Rich Indians, particularly those living abroad, had a strong passion for modern Indian art for ages. （ C） Prices at the emerging
48、market of modern art had been climbing and then declining. （ D） Rich Indians did not show interest in modern Indian art until the end of the 1990s. 39 According to the text, the fortune of such works as Mr. Souzas can exert an influence on _. （ A） the creation of modern art （ B） production of younge
49、r artists （ C） the strong rejection of market policy （ D） the value of Indian modern art 40 The authors narrative in the text centers on _. （ A） the profits brought about by a pretty picture （ B） why Indian modern art is booming （ C） the Success of Indian software and “business-process outsourcing“ firms （ D） how wealthy Indians evaluate Indian modern art Part B (10 points) 41 You are going to read a list of headings and a text about lau
