1、考研英语模拟试卷 5及答案与解析 一、 Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 1 Many foreigners who have not visited Britain call all the inhabitants English, for they are used to thinking of the British Isles as
2、England. (1)_, the British Isles contain a variety of peoples, and only the people of England call themselves English. The others (2)_ to themselves as Welsh, Scottish, or Irish, (3)_ the case may be; they are often slightly annoyed (4)_ being classified as “English“. Even in England there are many
3、(5)_ in regional character and speech. The chief (6)_ is between southern England and northern England. South of a (7)_ going from Bristol to London, people speak the type of English usually learnt by foreign students, (8)_ there are local variations. Further north regional speech is usually “ (9)_
4、“ than that of southern Britain. Northerners are (10)_ to claim that they work harder than Southerners, and are more (11)_ They are open-hearted and hospitable; foreigners often find that they make friends with them (12)_ Northerners generally have hearty (13)_: the visitor to Lancashire or Yorkshir
5、e, for instance, may look forward to receiving generous (14)_ at meal times. In accent and character the people of the Midlands (15)_ a gradual change from the southern to the northern type of Englishman. In Scotland the sound (16)_ by the letter “R“ is generally a strong sound, and “R“ is often pro
6、nounced in words in which it would be (17)_ in southern English. The Scots are said to be a serious, cautious, thrifty people, (18)_ inventive and somewhat mystical. All the Celtic peoples of Britain (the Welsh, the Irish, the Scots) are frequently (19)_ as being more “fiery“ than the English. They
7、are (20)_ a race that is quite distinct from the English. (289 words) Notes: fiery 暴躁的，易怒的。 （ A） In consequence （ B） In brief （ C） In general （ D） In fact （ A） confine （ B） attach （ C） refer （ D） add （ A） as （ B） which （ C） for （ D） so （ A） with （ B） by （ C） at （ D） for （ A） similarities （ B） differ
8、ences （ C） certainties （ D） features （ A） factor （ B） virtue （ C） privilege （ D） division （ A） line （ B） row （ C） border （ D） scale （ A） who （ B） when （ C） though （ D） for （ A） wider （ B） broader （ C） rarer （ D） scarcer （ A） used （ B） apt （ C） possible （ D） probable （ A） perfect （ B） notorious （ C）
9、superior （ D） thorough （ A） swiftly （ B） promptly （ C） immediately （ D） quickly （ A） appetites （ B） tastes （ C） interests （ D） senses （ A） helpings （ B） offerings （ C） fillings （ D） findings （ A） designate （ B） demonstrate （ C） represent （ D） reckon （ A） delivered （ B） denoted （ C） depicted （ D） def
10、ined （ A） quiet （ B） obscure （ C） faint （ D） silent （ A） rather （ B） still （ C） somehow （ D） even （ A） rendered （ B） thought （ C） impressed （ D） described （ A） with （ B） of （ C） among （ D） against Part A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B
11、, C or D. (40 points) 21 When Dr. John W. Gofman, professor of medical physics at the University of California and a leading nuclear critic, speaks of “ecocide“ in his adversary view of nuclear technology, he means the following: A large nuclear plant like that in Kalkar, the Netherlands, would prod
12、uce about 200 pounds of plutonium each year. One pound, released into the atmosphere, could cause 9 billion cases of lung cancer. This waste product must be stored for 500,000 years before it is of no further danger to man. In the anticipated reactor economy, it is estimated that there will be 10,00
13、0 tons of this material in Western Europe, of which one table-spoonful of plutonium-239 represents the official maximum permissible body burden for 200,000 people. Rather than being biodegradable, plutonium destroys biological properties. In 1972 the U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administratio
14、n ruled that the asbestos level in the work place should be lowered to 2 fibers per cubic centimeter of air, but the effective date of the ruling has been delayed until now. The International Federation of Chemical and General Workers Unions report that the 2-fiber standard was based primarily on on
15、e study of 290 men at a British asbestos factory. But when the workers at the British factory had been reexamined by another physician, 40 70 percent had X-ray evidence of lung abnormalities. According to present medical information at the factory in question, out of a total of 29 deaths thus far, s
16、even were caused by lung cancer. An average European or American worker comes into contact with six million fibers a day. “We are now, in fact, finding cancer deaths within the family of the asbestos worker“, states Dr. Irving Selikoff, of the Mount Sinai Medical School in New York. It is now also c
17、lear that vinyl chloride, a gas from which the most widely used plastics are made, causes a fatal cancer of the blood-vessel cells of the liver. However, the history of the research on vinyl chloride is, in some ways, more disturbing than the “Watergate cover-up“. “There has been evidence of potenti
18、ally serious disease among polyvinyl chloride workers for 25 years that has been incompletely appreciated and inadequately approached by medical scientists and by regulatory authorities“, summed up Dr. Selikoff in the New Scientist. At least 17 workers have been killed by vinyl chloride because rese
19、arch over the past 25 years was not followed up. And for over 10 years, workers have been exposed to concentrations of vinyl chloride 10 times the “safe limit“ imposed by Dow Chemical Company. Notes: plutonium 钚。 asbestos 石棉。 polyvinyl chloride 聚氯乙烯。 21 By “ecocide“ the author most probably means _.
20、 （ A） waste utilization. （ B） ecological balance. （ C） radioactive reaction. （ D） massive bio-destruction. 22 According to the text, the author mentions plutonium in paragraph 1 to _. （ A） estimate the amount of nuclear material in Europe. （ B） exemplify one of the possible causes of lung cancer. （
21、C） highlight the measures needed to prevent lung cancer. （ D） show the destructive properties of industrial waste materials. 23 The style of the second paragraph is mainly _. （ A） factual. （ B） sarcastic. （ C） emotional. （ D） argumentative. 24 According to paragraph 3, some workers have been killed
22、by harmful pollutants in that _. （ A） production could not be halted. （ B） they failed to take safety measures. （ C） research was not pursued to a solution. （ D） safety equipment was not adequately provided. 25 It can be inferred from the text that the author believes that _. （ A） nationwide applica
23、tion of anti-pollution devices can finally prevent cancer. （ B） tough legislation is needed to set lower limits of worker exposure to harmful chemicals. （ C） more research is required into the causes of cancer before further progress can be made. （ D） industrialization must be slowed down to prevent
24、 further spread of cancer-causing agents. 26 The topic of cloning has been a politically and ethically controversial one since its very beginning. While the moral and philosophical aspects of the issues are entirely up to the interpretation of the individual, the application of cloning technology ca
25、n be studied objectively. Many in the scientific community advocate the use of cloning for the preservation and support of endangered species of animals, which aside from cloning, have no other practical hope for avoiding extinction. The goal of the use of cloning to avoid extinction is the reintrod
26、uction of new genes into the gene pool of species with few survivors, ensuring the maintenance and expansion of genetic diversity. Likely candidates for this technique are species known to have very few surviving members, such as the African Bongo Antelope, the Sumatran Tiger, and the Chinese Giant
27、Panda. In the case of Giant Panda, some artificial techniques for creating offspring have already been performed, perhaps paving the way for cloning as the next step in the process. With the estimated population of only about 1000 Giant Pandas left in the world, the urgency of the situation has led
28、to desperate measures. One panda was born through the technique of artificial insemination in the San Diego Zoo in the United States. “Hua Mei“ was born in 1999 after her parents, Hsing-Hsing and Ling-Ling, had trouble conceiving naturally. The plan to increase the Giant Panda population through the
29、 use of cloning involves the use of a species related to the Giant Panda, the American Black Bear. Egg cells will be removed from female black bears and then fertilized with Panda cells such as those from Ling-Ling or Hsing-Hsing. The fertilized embryo will then re-implanted into the black bear, whe
30、re it will grow and mature, until a new panda is delivered from the black bear host. Critics of cloning technology argue that the emphasis on cloning as a method by which to preserve species will draw funding away from other methods, such as habitat preservation and conservation. Proponents of cloni
31、ng counter that many countries in which many endangered species exist are too poor to protect and maintain the species habitats anyway, making cloning technology the only practical way to ensure that those species survive to future generations. The issue is still hotly debated, as both sides weigh t
32、he benefits that could be achieved against the risks and ethical concerns that constantly accompany any argument on the issue. Notes: ethically 道德上。 gene pool 基因库。 insemination n.受精。 fertilize 使受精。 embryo 胚胎。 proponent支持者，拥护者。 weigh A against B权衡 A和 B的利弊。 26 The author raises the issue of ethical co
33、nsideration in cloning in paragraph 1 in order to _. （ A） identify the issues that will not be addressed in the text. （ B） reveal an area of interest that will be explored later in the text. （ C） identify one of the main issues affecting the cloning controversy today. （ D） draw the readers attention
34、 to a sensitive issue that bears consideration in the topic of cloning. 27 The author directs attention to “Hua Mei“, the baby panda born in the San Diego Zoo, in order to _. （ A） show that cloning as an artificial birth technique has succeeded. （ B） argue that pandas are a particularly likely candi
35、date for cloning. （ C） show that artificial birth techniques other than cloning have succeeded. （ D） demonstrate the necessity of cloning and other artificial birth techniques to the survival of certain species. 28 Paragraph 4 is written in order to _. （ A） detail the process by which cloning in the
36、 panda population has been executed in the past. （ B） guide the reader to consider the possibility of cloning in restoring the panda population. （ C） demonstrate that the use of cloning to repopulate the panda species is a feasible goal. （ D） inform the reader of how cloning would be carried out in
37、the panda population. 29 The main purpose of the last paragraph is to _. （ A） argue in favor of one side on a particularly controversial topic of cloning. （ B） display both sides arguments on another contentious issue in cloning. （ C） redirect the readers attention to the previously raised issue of
38、ethics in cloning. （ D） provide further relevant information to the evaluation of cloning as a preservation technique. 30 It can be inferred from the information given in the text that the best candidate for cloning would be _. （ A） Giant Pandas. （ B） an endangered species with many living related s
39、pecies. （ C） the species in which previous techniques of artificial reproduction have been successfully applied. （ D） those for which cloning is the only feasible method by which to reproduce the species. 31 Pronouncing a language is a skill. Every normal person is expert in the skill of pronouncing
40、 his own language, but few people are even moderately proficient at pronouncing foreign languages. Now there are many reasons for this, some obvious, some perhaps not so obvious. But I suggest that the fundamental reason why people in general do not speak foreign languages very much better than they
41、 do is that they fail to grasp the true nature of the problem of learning to pronounce, and consequently never set about tackling it in the right way. Far too many people fail to realize that pronouncing a foreign language is a skill, one that needs careful training of a special kind, and one that c
42、annot be acquired by just leaving it to take care of itself. I think even teachers of language, while recognizing the importance of a good accent, tend to neglect, in their practical teaching, the branch of study concerned with speaking the language. So the first point I want to make is that English
43、 pronunciation must be taught; the teacher should be prepared to devote some of the lesson time to this, and by his whole attitude to the subject should get the student to feel that here is a matter worthy of receiving his close attention. So there should be occasions when other aspects of English,
44、such as grammar or spelling, are allowed for the moment to take second place. Apart from this question of the time given to pronunciation, there are two other requirements for the teacher: the first, knowledge; the second, technique. It is important that the teacher should be in possession of the ne
45、cessary information. This can generally be obtained from books. It is possible to get from books some idea of the mechanics of speech, and of what we call general phonetic theory. It is also possible in this way to get a clear mental picture of the relationship between the sounds of different langua
46、ges, between the speech habits of English people and those, say, of your students. Unless the teacher has such a picture, any comments he may make on his students pronunciation are unlikely to be of much use, and lesson time spent on pronunciation may well be time-wasted. But it does not follow that
47、 you can teach pronunciation successfully as soon as you have read the necessary books. It depends, after that, on what use you make of your knowledge, and this is a matter of technique. Now the first and most important part of a language teachers technique is his own performance, his ability to dem
48、onstrate the spoken language, in every detail of articulation as well as in fluent speaking, so that the students latent capacity for imitation is given the fullest scope and encouragement. The teacher, then, should be as perfect a model in this respect as he can make himself. And to supplement his
49、own performance, however satisfactory this may be, the modern teacher has at his disposal recordings, radio, television and video, to supply the authentic voices of native speakers, or, if the teacher happens to be a native speaker himself or speaks just like one, then to vary the method of presenting the language material. Notes: set about 着手，试图。 articulation 发音。 latent 潜在的，不明显的。 at ones disposal 供某人任意支配使用。 31 What does the writer actually say about pronou
