1、考研英语模拟试卷 82及答案与解析 一、 Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 1 Some time between digesting Christmas dinner and putting your head back down to work, spare a thought or two for the cranberry. It i
2、s, of course, a (1)_ of Christmas: merry bright red, bittersweetly delicious with turkey and the very devil to get out of the tablecloth (2)_ spilled. But the cranberry is also a symbol of the modern food industry and in the tale of its (3)_ from colonial curiosity to business-school case study (4)_
3、 a deeper understanding of the opportunities and (5)_ of modern eating. The fastest growing part of todays cranberry market is for cranberries that do not taste like cranberries. Ocean Sprays “flavoured fruit pieces“ (FFPS, to the trade) taste like orange, cherry, raspberry or any (6)_ of other frui
4、ts. They are in fact cranberries. Why make a cranberry taste like an orange? Mostly because it is a (7)_ little fruit: FF PS have a shelf-life of two years. Better (8)_, they keep a chewy texture (9)_ baked, unlike the fruits whose flavours they mimic, which turn to (10)_. The dynamic that has broug
5、ht the cranberry to this point is (11)_ to the dynamic behind most mass-produced goods. Growing (12)_ provided the (13)_ to create cheaper and more reliable supply. Cheaper and more reliable supply, (14)_, created incentives to find new markets, which increased demand. Thus was the (15)_ kept churni
6、ng. The cranberry is one of only three fruits native (16)_ North America, growing wild from Maine to North Carolina. (The others are the Concord grape and the blueberry.) The American Indians had several names for cranberries, many (17)_ the words for “bitter“ or, more (18)_, “noisy“. They ate the b
7、erries mostly (19)_ pemmican, but also used them for dye and medicine. And they introduced them to the white settlers at the first Thanksgiving dinner in 1621, it is said. The settlers promptly renamed this delicacy the “crane berry“, (20)_ the pointy pink blossoms of the cranberry look a bit like t
8、he head of the Sandhill crane. （ A） sign （ B） trail （ C） symbol （ D） mark （ A） while （ B） if only （ C） long before （ D） if （ A） progress （ B） proposition （ C） prophet （ D） proportion （ A） obtain （ B） mould （ C） assimilate （ D） lies （ A） dilemmas （ B） remedy （ C） ingredient （ D） remains （ A） member （
9、 B） number （ C） kind （ D） flavor （ A） delicious （ B） dubious （ C） durable （ D） deliberate （ A） off （ B） than （ C） itself （ D） still （ A） when （ B） whether （ C） albeit （ D） whereas （ A） mercury （ B） mush （ C） muscle （ D） mess （ A） similar （ B） feasible （ C） inferior （ D） incredible （ A） command （ B）
10、yield （ C） demand （ D） quantity （ A） immensity （ B） inadequacy （ C） immunity （ D） incentive （ A） at every turn （ B） in turn （ C） to a turn （ D） by turns （ A） cycle （ B） miracle （ C） mission （ D） carnival （ A） from （ B） to （ C） off （ D） beyond （ A） qualifying （ B） incorporating （ C） denoting （ D） coi
11、ning （ A） intrinsically （ B） marginally （ C） intuitively （ D） mysteriously （ A） in （ B） for （ C） by （ D） through （ A） although （ B） only if （ C） because （ D） as though Part A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points) 21 Ther
12、es one thing above all wrong with the new British postal codes: not everyone has that sort of memory. Some of us, of course, forget even h6use numbers and the present postal districts, but that matters less when there is a human being at every stage to spot the mistake. When all the sorting is done
13、in one operation by a man sitting at a machine, typing special marks onto an envelope, one slip on your part could send your letter way outside the area where the local postman or a friendly neighbor knows your name. Otherwise the new codes are all the Post Offices claims. They are the most carefull
14、y designed in the world, ideal for computers. A confusion of letters and numbers, they have two parts separated by the gap in the middle. Together they classify a letter not only the city where it is going but right down to the round of the particular postman who is to carry it, and even to a group
15、of houses or a single big building. In the long run this will speed the mail and cut costs. The long run is 10 years away, though. In fact there are only 12 Post Offices in the country which have the right machines fully working, and the system cannot work at full efficiency until it is nationwide.
16、Yet the Post Office wants us to start using the codes now, so that we shall be trained when the machines are ready. But will we? A businessman I met, praising the virtues of the new system, explained that large companies like his could have codes of their own. What was his code? “Oh, dear me. Now yo
17、uve got me. Awfully sorry. Hold on a minute while I find a sheet of my headed notepaper.“ Then he read painfully, as if spelling out a word in a foreign language, “W-I-X-6A-B“. 21 According to the passage, what matters most in letter delivery in Britain is that_ （ A） the new postal codes must be mem
18、orized （ B） house numbers must not be forgotten （ C） present postal districts must be borne in mind （ D） special marks on an envelope must be accurate 22 The British Post Office praises the codes as_ （ A） giving an efficient service （ B） being new and improved （ C） being suitable to be processed by
19、computers （ D） being free from confusion 23 The British codes are described as being_. （ A） letters spaced out （ B） numbers in order （ C） sets of letters and numbers （ D） letters and numbers separately 24 Only when_ can the postal code system achieve its full efficiency. （ A） all the post offices in
20、 the country have the fight machines （ B） all the post offices have trained staff （ C） most post offices have the right machines （ D） most post offices have trained staff 25 The businessman found that his postal code was difficult_. （ A） to find out （ B） to remember （ C） to write （ D） to spell 26 Wh
21、at we know of prenatal development makes all this attempt made by a mother to mold the character of her unborn child by studying poetry, art or mathematics during pregnancy seem utterly impossible. How could such extremely complex influences pass from the mother to the child? There is no connection
22、between their nervous systems. Even the blood vessels of mother and child do not join directly. An emotional shock to the mother will affect her child, because it changes the activity of her glands and so the chemistry of her blood. Any chemical change in the mothers blood will affect the child for
23、better or worse. But we can not see how a liking for mathematics or poetic genius can be dissolved in blood and produce a similar liking or genius in the child. In our discussion of instincts we saw that there was reason to believe that whatever we inherit must be of some very simple sort rather tha
24、n any complicated or very definite kind of behavior. It is certain that no one inherits a knowledge of mathematics. It may be, however, that children inherit more or less of a rather, general ability that we may call intelligence. If very intelligent children become deeply interested in mathematics,
25、 they will probably make a success of that study. As for musical ability, it may be that what is inherited if an especially sensitive ear, a peculiar structure of the hands or of the vocal organs connections between nerves and muscles that make it comparatively easy to learn the movements a musician
26、 must execute, and particularly vigorous emotions. If these factors are all organized around music the child may become a musician. The same factors, in other circumstance, might be organized about some other center of interest. The rich emotional equipment might find expression in poetry. The capab
27、le fingers might develop skill in surgery. It is not the knowledge of music that makes it comparatively easy to acquire musical knowledge and skill. Whether that ability shall be directed toward music or some other under taking may be decided entirely by forces in the environment in which a child gr
28、ows up. 26 Which of the following is not true?_. （ A） Some mothers try to influence their unborn children studying art and other subjects during their pregnancy （ B） It is utterly impossible for us to learn anything in prenatal development （ C） The blood vessels of mother and child do not join direc
29、tly （ D） There are no connection between mothers nervous system and her unborn childs 27 A mother will affect her unborn baby if_. （ A） she is emotionally shocked （ B） she has a good knowledge of inheritance （ C） she takes part in all kinds of activities （ D） she sticks to studying 28 According to t
30、he passage, a child may inherit_. （ A） everything from his mother （ B） a knowledge of mathematics （ C） a rather general ability that we call intelligence （ D） her mothers musical ability 29 If a child inherits something from his mother, such as an especially sensitive ear, a peculiar structure of th
31、e hands or of the vocal organs, he will_. （ A） surely become a musician （ B） mostly become a poet （ C） possibly become a doctor （ D） become a musician on the condition that all these factors are organized around music 30 Which of the following is an appropriate title for the passage?_. （ A） Role of
32、Inheritance （ B） An Unborn Child （ C） Function of Instincts （ D） Poetry and Music 31 More than one in ten people who are regularly exposed to organophosphate pesticides(有机磷酸脂农药 ) will suffer unrecoverable physical and mental damage, a team of psychiatrists warns. The investigators say that theirs is
33、 the first serious attempt to estimate the number of people suffering because of chronic low-level exposure to the pesticides. “This is a worrying high level of illness,“ says one researcher. The findings by the researcher, who also treats many of the victims, conflict with those of the Britains gov
34、ernment agency monitoring occupational health, which says there is no good evidence to suggest chronic exposure leads to widespread illness. The research team sent questionnaires to 400 farmers selected at random from a phone book. Of 179 who replied, 130 reported that they had been exposed to organ
35、ophosphates. And 21 farmers complained of enough symptoms to be classed as suffering from organophosphate poisoning. Allowing for bias inherent in the survey method, they suggest that around 10 percent of farmers exposed to the pesticides suffer from poisoning. The researchers also uncovered a consi
36、stent pattern of symptoms ranging from extreme tiredness and speech difficulty to suicidal impulses. Again this contrasts with the government agencys view that there is no clear pattern of symptoms for pesticide poisoning, making a diagnosis difficult. They believe the real figure for poisoning is m
37、uch higher, once you include cancers and heart disease linked to the pesticide. Last year, British specialists also found evidence of a link between organophosphates and severe bone abnormalities in eight men. One of the researchers, Anthony Lyons of Queens Medical centre in Nottingham, says prelimi
38、nary results from a larger follow-up study suggest the extent of bone damage may be worse than they feared. All those who suffer from organophosphate poisoning complain of becoming “exquisitely sensitive“ to any further exposure. This is bad news for any Gulf War veterans sent back to the Middle Eas
39、t. Many scientists and doctors are convinced that Gulf War Syndrome is at least partly caused by organophosphate pesticides, which were sprayed in tents and on clothes to protect troops from biting insects. A spokesman for Britains Ministry of Defense says there are no immediate plans to send ground
40、 troops to the Gulf. But the US is moving 5,000 troops into the region. Returning troops “would be more vulnerable to poisoning“, says one of the leading US authorities on such poisoning. 31 In which area do the findings of the researchers have confliction with those Britains Health and Safety Execu
41、tive(HSE), the government agency monitoring occupational health? _. （ A） Whether exposure to organophosphate will do any harm to man （ B） Whether chronic exposure to organophosphate would lead to widespread illness （ C） Whether it is worthwhile to find out the number of people suffering from organop
42、hosphate poisoning （ D） Whether organophosphate is a good pesticide 32 Among the farmers investigated, how many of them claimed to be suffering from organophosphate poisoning?_ （ A） 179 （ B） 130 （ C） 21 （ D） 10% 33 Which of the following is excluded in a symptom of organophosphate poisoning?_ （ A） E
43、xhaustion （ B） Speech difficulty （ C） Impulses to kill oneself （ D） Impulse to commit crimes 34 Which of tie following illnesses has been proved to be linked with organophosphate poisoning?_ （ A） Cancer （ B） Heart disease （ C） Bone abnormalities （ D） All of the above 35 What is considered to be bad
44、news for Gulf War veterans?_ （ A） They will be more vulnerable to poisoning （ B） They will be exposed more to organophosphate （ C） The Iraq troops will use chemical weapons to poison them （ D） The Gulf War will start soon again 36 Science has long since had an uneasy relationship with other aspects
45、of culture. Think of Galileos 17th-century trial for his rebelling belief the Catholic Church or poet William Blacks harsh remarks against the mechanistic worldview of Isaac Newton. The schism between science and the humanities has, if anything, deepened in this century. Until recently, the scientif
46、ic community was so powerful that it could afford to ignore its critics-but no longer. As funding for science has declined, scientists have attacked antiscience in several books, notably Higher Superstition, by Paul R. Gross, a biologist at the University of Virginia, and Norman Levitt, a mathematic
47、ian at Rutgers University; and The Demon-Haunted World, by Carl Sagan of Cornell University. Defenders of science have also voiced their concerns at meetings such as “The Flight from Science and Reason“, held in New York City in 1995, and “Science in the Age of (Miss) information“, which assembled l
48、ast June near Buffalo. Antiscience clearly means different things to different people; Gross and Levitt find fault primarily with sociologists, philosophers and other academics who have questioned sciences objectivity. Sagan is more concerned with those who believe in ghosts, creationism and other p
49、henomena that contradict the scientific worldview. A survey of news stories in 1996 reveals that the antiscience tag has been attached to many other groups as well, from authorities who advocated the elimination of the last remaining stocks of smallpox virus to Republicans who advocated decreased funding for basic research. Few would dispute that the term applies to the Unabomber, those manifesto, published in 19
