1、考研英语模拟试卷 86及答案与解析 一、 Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 1 William Appleton, author of a recent book entitled Fathers and Daughters, believes that it is a womans relationship with her father
2、(1)_ decides how successful she will be in her (2)_ life. According to Appleton there are three important steps a girl must (3)_ in her relationship with Daddy. The (4)_ is the “little girl“ stage in which the daughter loves and idolizes her father (5)_ he were a god or hero without (6)_ And her fat
3、her loves his daughter (7)_ blindly, seeing her as an “oasis of smiles“ in a hard, cold world. Then comes the second stage. It starts during adolescence and (8)_ for many years. Here, the little girl begins to rebel against Daddy and (9)_ his authority. He reacts with anger and (10)_ And the final s
4、tage comes (11)_ a woman reaches the age of about thirty. At this time, the daughter sees her father not-as a hero (12)_ as a fool, but learns to accept him (13)_ he is, for better or worse. And Daddy forgives her, too, for not being the (14)_ little girl he had once hoped for. But not all daughters
5、 go through all three stages, and it is here that the key to a womans career (15)_. Those girls who never get past the first “oasis of smiles“ stage, (16)_ all their lives seek out their fathers love and approval, will never (17)_ in the business world. They will remain at the secretarial (18)_ all
6、their lives. It is only those women who get to the final stage, those who (19)_ and accept Daddys faults, who can even hope to be (20)_ enough and independent enough to become a candidate for top-management. （ A） who （ B） which （ C） that （ D） it （ A） late （ B） later （ C） early （ D） earlier （ A） get
7、through （ B） get away from （ C） get over （ D） get rid of （ A） initial （ B） primary （ C） first （ D） early （ A） seeming （ B） looking like （ C） as （ D） as if （ A） errors （ B） blunders （ C） mistakes （ D） faults （ A） just as （ B） the same （ C） as well （ D） so much （ A） prolongs （ B） lasts （ C） persists （
8、 D） lingers （ A） looks down （ B） sees through （ C） neglects （ D） challenges （ A） envy （ B） hatred （ C） disappointment （ D） affection （ A） that （ B） which （ C） if （ D） when （ A） for （ B） nor （ C） as well （ D） and （ A） for what （ B） for who （ C） for whom （ D） for whoever （ A） prettiest （ B） beloved （
9、C） perfect （ D） fascinating （ A） exists （ B） lies （ C） lays （ D） holds （ A） who （ B） they （ C） that （ D） which （ A） make out （ B） make it （ C） rise above （ D） promote （ A） job （ B） post （ C） position （ D） level （ A） reject （ B） forgive （ C） put up with （ D） neglect （ A） mature （ B） experienced （ C）
10、kind-hearted （ D） capable Part A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points) 21 As a medium of exchange, money permits the separation of exchange into the two distinct acts of buying and selling, without requiring the seller t
11、o purchase goods from the person who buys his products, or vice versa. Hence producers who know they will be paid in money, can concentrate on finding the most suitable outlet for their goods, while buyers who will pay in money, can concentrate on finding the cheapest market for the things they wish
12、 to purchase. specialization, which is vital to an advanced economy, is encouraged, because people whose output is not a complete product but only a part of one in which many others are involved can be paid an amount equivalent to their share of the product. Another advantage of money is that it is
13、a measure of value that is, it serves as a unit in terms of which the relative values of different products can be expressed. In a barter economy it would be necessary to determine how many plates were worth one hundred weight of cotton, or how many pens should be exchanged for a ton of coal, which
14、would be a difficult and time-consuming task. The process of establishing relative values would have to be undertaken for every act of exchange, according to what products were being offered against one another, and according to the two parties desires and preferences. If I am trying to barter fish
15、for bananas, for example, a lot would depend on whether the person willing to exchange bananas is or is not keen on fish. Thirdly, money acts as a store of wealth. It is difficult to imagine saving under a barter system. No one engaged on only one stage in the manufacture of a product could save par
16、t of his output, since he would be producing nothing complete. Even when a person actually produced a complete product the difficulties would be overwhelming. Most products deteriorate fairly rapidly, either physically or in value, as a result of long storage; even if storage were possible, the prac
17、tice of storing products for years on end would involve obvious disadvantages imagine a coal-miner attempting to save enough coal, which of course is his product, to keep him for life. If wealth could not be saved, or only with great difficulty, future needs could not be provided for, or capital acc
18、umulated to raise productivity. 21 Using money as a medium of exchange means that_ （ A） you have to sell something in order to buy something （ B） you have to buy something in order to sell something （ C） you dont have to buy something in order to sell something （ D） the seller and the purchaser are
19、the same person 22 Specialization is encouraged because_ （ A） people can use their money to buy whatever they want （ B） people do not need to make a complete product for exchange （ C） people make a great contribution to the manufacture of a product （ D） people cannot use their money to buy whatever
20、they want 23 A barter economy is one in which_ （ A） value is decided by weight （ B） value is decided by number （ C） money is used and goods are not exchanged （ D） goods are exchanged and money is not used 24 If one had to save products instead of money,_ （ A） this would need years of practice （ B） c
21、oal, for example, would lose its value （ C） they could not be stored for years on end （ D） many products would lose their value 25 How many advantages of money are mentioned in this passage?_ （ A） Two （ B） Three （ C） Four （ D） Five 26 Today business cards are distributed by working people of all soc
22、ial classes, illustrating not only the uniquity of commercial interests but also the fluidity of the world of trade. Whether one is buttonholing potential clients for a carpentry service, announcing ones latest academic appointment, or “networking“ with fellow executives, it is permissible to advert
23、ise ones talents and availability by an outstretched hand and the statement “Heres my card.“ As Robert Louis Stevenson once observed, everybody makes his living by selling something. Business cards facilitate this endeavor. It has not always been this way. The cards that we use today for commercial
24、purposes are a vulgarization of the nineteenth-century social calling cards, an artifact with a quite different purpose. In the Gilded Age, possessing a calling card indicated not that you were interested in forming business relationships, but that your money was so old that you had no need to make
25、a living. For the calling-card class, life was a continual round of social visits, and the protocol(礼遇 ) governing these visits was inextricably linked to the proper use of cards. Pick up any etiquette manual predating World War I, and you will find whole chapters devoted to such questions as whethe
26、r a single gentleman may leave a card for a lady; when a lady must, and must not, turn down the edges of a card; and whether an unmarried girl of between fourteen and seventeen may carry more than six or less than thirteen cards in her purse in months beginning with a “J“. The calling card system wa
27、s especially cherished by those who made no distinction between manners and mere form, and its preciousness was well defined by Mrs. John Sherwood. Her 1887 manual called the card “the field mark and device“ of civilization. The business version of the calling card came in around the mm of the centu
28、ry, when the formerly, well defined borders between the commercial and the personal realms were used widely, society mavens(内行 ) considered it unforgivable to fuse the two realms. Emily Posts contemporary Lilian Eichler called it very poor taste to use business cards for social purposes, and as late
29、 as 1967 Amy Vanderbilt counseled that the merchants marker “may never double for social purposes“. 26 Business cards are usually used to_ （ A） announce ones latest academic appointment （ B） establish business relationships （ C） make a living （ D） illustrate the fluidity of the world of trade 27 The
30、 statement which has not been mentioned in the passage is_ （ A） business, cards are a vulgarization of the nineteenth century social calling card （ B） The calling card system was especially cherished by these who made no distinction between manners and mere form （ C） most people thought it improper
31、to use business cards for social purposes （ D） everyone makes his living by selling something 28 The sentence that “your money was so old“ in the second paragraph means_ （ A） you have an old pound note （ B） your money was useless （ C） you have a lot of money （ D） you inherited a fortune from your an
32、cestors_ 29 Business cards are likely to have appeared （ A） at the beginning of nineteenth century （ B） at the beginning of twentieth century （ C） before the nineteenth century （ D） after World War I 30 In the Gilded Age, people who possessed a calling card_ （ A） had to make their living （ B） were i
33、nterested in forming business relationships （ C） boasted of their wealth （ D） advertised their talents and availability 31 As everyone knows, words constantly take on new meanings. Since they do not necessarily, nor even usually, take the place of the old ones, we should picture this process as the
34、analogy of a tree throwing out new branches which themselves throw out subordinate branches. The new branches sometimes overshadow and kill the old one but by no means always. We shall again and again find the earliest senses of a word flourishing for centuries despite a vast overgrowth of later sen
35、ses which might be expected to kill them. When a word has several meanings historical circumstances often make one of them dominant during a particular period. Thus “station“ is now more likely to mean a railway-station than anything else; “speculation“ more likely to bear its financial sense than a
36、ny other. Until this century “plane“ had as its dominant meaning “a flat surface“ or “a carpenters tool to make a surface smooth“, but the meaning “an aeroplane“ is dominant now. The dominant sense of a word lies uppermost in our minds. Whenever we meet the word, our natural impulse is to give it th
37、at sense. We are often deceived. In an old author the word may mean something different. One of my aims is to make the reading of old books easy as far as certain words are concerned. If we read an old poem with insufficient regard for the change of the dictionary meanings of words we wont be able t
38、o understand the poem the old author intended. And to avoid this, knowledge is necessary. We see good words or good-senses of words losing their edge or more rarely getting a new edge that serves some different purposes. “Verbicide“, the murder of a word, happens in many ways. Inflation is the commo
39、nest: those who taught us to say “awfully“ for “very “, “tremendous“ for “great“, and “unthinkable“ for “undesirable“ were verbicides. I should be glad if I sent any reader away with a sense of responsibility to the language. It is unnecessary to think we can do nothing about it. Our conversation wi
40、ll have little effect, but if we get into print perhaps especially if we are leader writers or reporterswe can help to strengthen or weaken some disastrous words, can encourage a good and resist a bad Americanism. For many things the press prints today will be taken up by a great mass of people in a
41、 few years. 31 The main idea of the first paragraph is_ （ A） only old words take on new meanings （ B） a tree throws out new branches as the words pick up hew meanings （ C） words obtain new meanings from time to time （ D） it is possible for the old words to lose their old senses 32 By mentioning the
42、tree throwing out new branches, the author hopes to_ （ A） stress the natural phenomena （ B） picture the process of growth of new branches （ C） explain what the analogy is （ D） illustrate his view in a clearer way 33 We are often cheated by some words in that_ （ A） their dominant meanings have not be
43、en determined （ B） sometimes they mean something different from their dominant meanings （ C） our natural impulse makes a mistake （ D） the dominant sense of a word is not accurate in our minds 34 In the authors view, if someone taught us to say “awfully“ for “very“_ （ A） we were advised not to accept
44、 it （ B） we were getting a new edge for a different purpose （ C） we saw an example of a good word being misused （ D） we saw a word serving for a different purpose 35 The main idea of the last paragraph is that_ （ A） we can do nothing about it unless we get into print （ B） we should take responsibili
45、ty to the language if necessary （ C） our conversation has little effect on the situation because we havent got into print （ D） a great mass of people will accept what the press prints so that we can encourage the good 36 Both the number and the percentage of people in the United States involved in n
46、onagricultural pursuit expanded rapidly during the half century following the Civil War, with some of the most dramatic increases occurring in the domains of transportation, manufacturing and trade and distribution. The development of the railroad and telegraph systems during the middle of the ninet
47、eenth century led to significant improvements in the speed, volume, and regularity of shipments and communications, making possible a fundamental transformation in the production and distribution of goods. In agriculture, the transformation was marked by the emergence of the grain elevators, the cot
48、ton presses, the warehouses, and the commodity exchanges that seemed to so many of the nations farmers the visible sign of a vast conspiracy against them. In manufacturing, the transformation was marked by the emergence of a “new factory system“ in which plants became larger, more complex, and more
49、systematically organized and managed. And in distribution, the transformation was marked by the emergence of the jobber(中间商 ), the wholesaler, and the mass retailer(零售商 ). These changes radically altered the nature of work during the half century between 1870 and 1920. To be sure, there were still small workshops, where skilled craftspeople manufactured products ranging from newspapers to cabinets to plumbin
