1、考研英语模拟试卷 88及答案与解析 一、 Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 1 Is the United States a melting pot? In other words, have immigrants to the USA merged with the native Americans and (1)_ to be Germa
2、ns, Japanese, Poles, Irish, etc? It has been (2)_ a “pot of stew“ might be a more suitable word than “melting pot“, (3)_ in a stew the meat and vegetables keep their own characteristics, but (4)_ to the spices and the (5)_ it is cooked, the stew has a distinctive flavor of its own. The implications
3、of “melting pot“ (6)_ American social workers and language teachers, many of (7)_ feel that racial and national groups should be encouraged to (8)_ their customs, traditions and languages. At the same time it is agreed that all Americans, (9)_ their origins, must learn to speak English clearly and f
4、luently, and they must learn to (10)_ themselves to the American way of life. However, there are ethnic groups who still (11)_ together, who speak their own languages and have preserved many of their old customs. There are Hispanic (12)_, e.g. Mexicans, Cubans, Puerto Ricans, most of whom still spea
5、k Spanish as their (13)_ language. There are the American Indians and (14)_ Asian groups, all of whom speak their own languages. Then there are the 20 million blacks, who, (15)_ they speak English, for the most part live separately. Many blacks are beginning to (16)_ their roots right back to the Af
6、rican tribes (17)_ which their ancestors were torn in the days of slavery and some of them are (18)_ themselves more and more with Africa. Some black leaders (19)_, reminding them that their culture and their language are not African. They are American. But many blacks are (20)_ bitter against white
7、 culture to feel American. （ A） ceased （ B） stopped （ C） paused （ D） halted （ A） implied （ B） indicated （ C） suggested （ D） deduced （ A） so （ B） for （ C） though （ D） unless （ A） due （ B） owe （ C） thanks （ D） next （ A） way （ B） method （ C） manner （ D） style （ A） disturb （ B） puzzle （ C） thrill （ D） t
8、errify （ A） them （ B） those （ C） who （ D） whom （ A） abandon （ B） submit （ C） preserve （ D） withhold （ A） whatever （ B） however （ C） wherever （ D） whenever （ A） reform （ B） adapt （ C） modify （ D） convert （ A） stick （ B） glue （ C） gather （ D） assemble （ A） societies （ B） communities （ C） tribes （ D） e
9、stablishment （ A） first （ B） best （ C） fittest （ D） superior （ A） differential （ B） variable （ C） various （ D） alternate （ A） though （ B） if （ C） even （ D） since （ A） pursue （ B） trail （ C） trace （ D） uphold （ A） about （ B） for （ C） from （ D） against （ A） identifying （ B） recognizing （ C） verifying
10、（ D） realizing （ A） disapprove （ B） suspect （ C） discontent （ D） reject （ A） so （ B） too （ C） quite （ D） very Part A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points) 21 Beauty has always been regarded as something praiseworthy. Alm
11、ost everyone thinks attractive people are happier and healthier, have better marriages and respectable occupations. Personal consultants give better advice for finding jobs. Even judges are softer on attractive defendants. But in the executive circle, beauty can become a liability. While attractiven
12、ess is a positive factor for a man on his way up the executive ladder, it is harmful to a woman. Handsome male executives were perceived as having more integrity than plainer men; effort and ability were thought to account for their success. Attractive female executives were considered to have less
13、integrity than unattractive ones; their success was attributed not to ability but to factors such as luck. All unattractive women executives were thought to have more integrity and to be more capable than the attractive female executives. Increasingly, though, the rise of the unattractive overnight
14、successes was attributed more to personal relationships and less to ability than was that of attractive overnight successes. Why are attractive women not thought to be able? An attractive woman is perceived to be more feminine and an attractive man more masculine than the less attractive ones. Thus
15、an attractive woman has an advantage in traditionally female jobs, but an attractive woman in a traditionally masculine position appears to lack the “masculine“ qualities required. This is true even in politics. “When the one clue is how he or she looks, people treat men and women differently,“ says
16、 Anne Bowman, who recently published a study on the effects of attractiveness on political candidates. She asked 125 undergraduates to rank two groups of photographs, one of men and one of women, in order of attractiveness. The students were told the photographs were of candidates for political offi
17、ces. They were asked to rank them again, in the order they would vote for them. The results showed that attractive males utterly defeated unattractive men, but the women who had been ranked most attractive invariably received the fewest votes. 21 The word “liability“ (Para. 1) most probably means_ （
18、 A） misfortune （ B） instability （ C） disadvantage （ D） burden 22 In traditionally female jobs, attractiveness_ （ A） reinforces the female qualities required （ B） makes women look more honest and capable （ C） is of primary importance to women （ D） often enables women to succeed quickly 23 Bowmans exp
19、eriment reveals that when it comes to politics, attractiveness_ （ A） turns out to be an obstacle （ B） affects men and women alike （ C） has as little effect on men as on women （ D） is more of an obstacle than a benefit to women 24 It can be inferred from the passage that peoples views on beauty are o
20、ften_ （ A） practical （ B） prejudiced （ C） old-fashioned （ D） radical 25 The author writes this passage to_ （ A） discuss the negative aspects of being attractive （ B） give advice to job-seekers who are attractive （ C） demand equal rights for women （ D） emphasize the importance of appearance 26 The id
21、ea of public works projects as a device to prevent or control depression was designed as a means of creating job opportunities for unemployed workers and as a “pump priming“ device to aid business to revive. It was conceived during the early years of the New Deal Era (1933 1937). By 1933, the number
22、 of unemployed workers had reached about 13 million. This meant that about 50 million people about one-third of the nation were without means of support. At first, direct relief in the form of cash or food was provided these people. This made them recipients of government charity. In order to remove
23、 this stigma and restore to the unemployed some measure of respectability and human dignity, a plan was devised to create governmentally sponsored work projects that private industry would not or could not provide. This would also stimulate production and revive business activity. The best way to ex
24、plain how this procedure is expected to work is to explain how it actually worked when it was first tried. The first experiment with it was the creation of the Works Project Administration (WPA). This agency set up work projects in various fields in which there were many unemployed. For example, une
25、mployed actors were organized into theater projects, orchestras were organized for unemployed musicians, teaching projects for unemployed teachers, and even writers projects for unemployed writers. Unemployed laborers were put to work building or maintaining roads, parks, playgrounds, or public buil
26、dings. These were all temporary work relief projects rather than permanent work opportunities. More substantial work projects of a permanent nature were organized by another agency, the Public Works Administration (PWA). This agency undertook the planning of construction of schools, houses, post off
27、ices, dams, and other public structures. It entered into contracts with private construction firms to erect them, or it loaned money to local or state governments which undertook their constructions. This created many jobs in the factories producing the material as well as in the projects themselves
28、, and greatly reduced the number of unemployed. Still another agency which provided work projects for the unemployed was the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC). This agency provided job opportunities for youths aged 16 to 20 to work in national parks or forests clearing land, guarding against fires,
29、building roads, or doing other conservation work. In the event of a future depression, the federate government might revive any or all of the above methods to relieve unemployment and stimulate business. 26 The PWA differed from the WPA in that （ A） the work projects of the former were carded out by
30、 the Federal Government_ （ B） the government subsidized private industry （ C） the number of unemployed was reduced （ D） the former was governments first attempt to end hardship due to unemployment 27 One method of preventing or alleviating depression Not mentioned by the author is the use of _ （ A）
31、the dole （ B） the WPA （ C） the CCC （ D） job sharing 28 The author implies that_ （ A） individuals on relief do not receive enough money to meet basic needs （ B） those who get direct financial aid from the government suffer a loss of human dignity （ C） aid should be given in the form of food subsidies
32、 （ D） a program of “pump priming“ is vital at all times 29 By using the expression “pump priming“ as a description of public works projects, the author implies that it_ （ A） was pouring money down the drain （ B） lowered human dignity （ C） avoided direct charity （ D） provided business with initial im
33、petus which would make it self sufficient 30 The passage mainly talks about_ （ A） the New Deal Era (1993 1937) （ B） the WPA and the PWA （ C） a pattern for the future （ D） one-third of a nation 31 Once it was possible to define male and female roles easily by the division of labour. Men worked outsid
34、e the home and earned the income to support their families, while women cooked the meals and took care of the home and the children. These roles were firmly fixed for most people, and there was not much opportunity for men or women to exchange their roles. But by the middle of this century, mens and
35、 womens roles were becoming less firmly fixed. In the 1950s, economic and social success was the goal of the typical American. But in the 1960s a new force developed called the counterculture. The people involved in this movement did not value the middle-class American goals. The counterculture pres
36、ented men and women with new role choices. Taking more interest in child care, men began to share child-raising tasks with their wives. In fact, some young men and women moved to communal homes or farms where the economic and child care responsibilities were shared equally by both sexes. In addition
37、, many Americans did not value the traditional male role of soldier. Some young men refused to be drafted as soldiers to fight in the war in Vietnam. In terms of numbers, the counterculture was not a very large group of people. But its influence spread to many parts of American society. Working men
38、of all classes began to change their economic and social patterns. Industrial workers and business executives alike cut down on “over-time“ work so that they could spend more leisure time with their families. Some doctors, lawyers, and teachers turned away from high paying situations to practice the
39、ir professions in poorer neighbourhoods. In the 1970s, the feminist movement, or womens liberation, produced additional economic and social changes. Women of all ages and at all levels of society were entering the work force in greater numbers. Most of them still took traditional womens jobs such as
40、 public school teaching, nursing, and secretarial work. But some women began to enter traditionally, male occupations: police work, banking, dentistry, and construction work. Women were asking for equal work, and equal opportunities for promotion. 31 Which of the following best expresses the main po
41、int of Paragraph 1?_ （ A） Women usually worked outside the home for wages （ B） Mens and womens roles were easily exchanged in the past （ C） Mens roles at home were more firmly fixed than womens （ D） Mens and womens roles were usually quite separated in the past 32 Which sentence is the main idea of
42、Paragraph 2?_ （ A） The first sentence （ B） The second and the third sentences （ C） The fourth sentence （ D） The last sentence 33 In the passage the author suggests that the counterculture_ （ A） destroyed the United States （ B） changed some American values （ C） was not important in the United States
43、（ D） brought people more leisure time with their families 34 It could be inferred from the passage that_ （ A） men and women will never share the same goals （ B） some men will be willing to change their traditional male roles （ C） most men will be happy to share some of the household responsibilities
44、 with their wives （ D） more American households are headed by women than ever before 35 The best title for the article is_ （ A） Results of Feminist Movement （ B） New Influences in American Life （ C） Counterculture and Its Consequence （ D） Traditional Division of Male and Female Roles 36 Our culture
45、has caused most Americans to assume not only that our language is universal but that the gestures we use are understood by everyone. We do not realize that waving good-bye is the way to summon a person from the Philippines to ones side, or that in Italy and some Latin-American countries, curling the
46、 finger to oneself is a sign of farewell. Those private citizens who sent packages to our troops occupying Germany after World War II and marked them GIFT to escape duty payments did not bother to find out that “Gift“ means poison in German. Moreover, we like to think of ourselves as friendly, yet w
47、e prefer to be at least 3 feet or an arms length away from others. Latins and Middle Easterners like to come closer and touch, which makes Americans uncomfortable. Our linguistic and cultural blindness and the casualness with which we take notice of the developed tastes, gestures, customs and langua
48、ges of other countries, are losing our friends, business and respect in the world. Even here in the United States, we make few concessions to the needs of foreign visitors. There are no information signs in four languages on our public buildings or monuments; we do not have multilingual guided tours
49、. Very few restaurant menus have translations, and multilingual waiters, bank clerks and policemen are rare. Our transportation systems have maps in English only and often we ourselves have difficulty understanding them. When we go abroad, we tend to cluster in hotels and restaurants where English is spoken. The attitudes and information we pick up ate conditioned by those nativesusually the richer who speak
