1、Designation: C969 02 (Reapproved 2009)C969 17Standard Practice forInfiltration and Exfiltration Acceptance Testing of InstalledPrecast Concrete Pipe Sewer Lines1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C969; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal ad
2、option or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defe
3、nse.1. Scope1.1 This practice covers procedures for testing installed precast concrete pipe sewer lines using either water infiltration orexfiltration acceptance limits to demonstrate the integrity of the installed materials and construction procedure.1.2 This practice is the inch-pound companion to
4、 Practice C969M; therefore, no SI equivalents are presented in the practice.NOTE 1The owner shall specify the following: who will conduct, observe, and furnish labor, furnish material and measuring devices, and pay forthe tests; who is responsible for determining local groundwater conditions; and wh
5、ich test is to be conducted, that is, an infiltration test or an exfiltrationtest.NOTE 2The user of this practice is advised that test criteria presented in this practice are similar to those in general use. Pipe, 24-in. diameter or larger,may be accepted by visual inspection when testing for infilt
6、ration.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.1.4 This i
7、nternational standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardizationestablished in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issuedby the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT)
8、Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C822 Terminology Relating to Concrete Pipe and Related Products3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of terms relating to concrete pipe, see Terminology C822.3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of terms relating to concrete pipe, see Terminology
9、 C822.4. Summary of Practice4.1 Determine the groundwater conditions surrounding the section of sewer to be tested and select the type of test to beconducted.4.2 For the infiltration test, the amount of water leaking into the sewer line is measured, and the rate of infiltration is determined.If the
10、rate is less than or equal to the allowable limit, the section of sewer tested is acceptable.4.3 For the exfiltration test, the sewer line is filled with water to the specified test head and the rate of water loss is determined.If the rate is less than or equal to the allowable limit, the section of
11、 sewer tested is acceptable.5. Significance and Use5.1 This is not a routine test. The values recorded are applicable only to the sewer being tested and at the time of testing.1 This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C13 on Concrete Pipe and is the direct responsibility of Subcomm
12、ittee C13.09 on Methods of Test.Current edition approved June 1, 2009April 15, 2017. Published July 2009May 2017. Originally approved in 1982. Last previous edition approved in 20022009 asC969 02.C969 02(2009). DOI: 10.1520/C0969-02R09.10.1520/C0969-17.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM w
13、ebsite, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indica
14、tion of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be con
15、sidered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States16. Preparation of the Sewer Line6.1 The sewer shall should be free of debris prior to testing.6.2 The manholes, the ends of the branches, laterals, wyes and
16、 stubs to be included in the test shall be plugged. All plugs shallbe secured to prevent leakage blowout due to testing pressure.7. Procedure7.1 Infiltration Testing:7.1.1 Conduct testing from manhole to manhole or between more than two manholes. The length of main tested shall not exceed700 ft.7.1.
17、2 Stop all dewatering operations and allow the groundwater to return to its normal level. Infiltration testing shall not be usedunless the groundwater level is at least 2 ft above the crown of the pipe for the entire length of the test section.7.1.3 Plug all pipe outlets discharging into the upstrea
18、m manhole.7.1.4 Measure the groundwater elevation and determine the average head over the test section.7.1.5 Measure infiltration leakage at the outlet of the test section. Because leakage allowances are small, measurements are bestmade by either timing the filling of a small container of known volu
19、me, or by directing flow into a container for a specified timeand measuring the content, or by using small weirs.7.1.6 If the measured rate of leakage is less than or equal to the allowable leakage in accordance with 8.1, the section of sewertested is acceptable.7.1.7 If the test section fails, it i
20、s not prohibited that it be repaired and retested in accordance with this practice.7.2 Exfiltration Testing:7.2.1 Conduct testing from manhole to manhole or between more than two manholes. The length of main tested shall not exceed700 ft.7.2.2 Determine the groundwater elevation at both ends of the
21、test section. If the groundwater level is less than 2 ft above thecrown of the pipe measured from the highest elevation of the sewer, the exfiltration test shall be used.7.2.3 Plug all pipe outlets discharging into the upstream manhole and the test section outlet. Fill the sewer line with water.7.2.
22、4 At the upstream manhole the test head shall be established as minimum of 2 ft above the crown of the pipe, or at least2 ft above existing groundwater, whichever is higher.7.2.5 Allow the pipe to remain saturated for a period long enough to allow water absorption in the pipe, a minimum of 4 h andup
23、 to a maximum of 72 h. After the absorption period, refill the pipe to the required test head.7.2.6 Measure the leakage loss over a timed test period. The minimum test period shall be 15 min and the maximum shall notexceed 24 h.7.2.7 If the measured rate of leakage is less than or equal to the allow
24、able leakage in accordance with 8.2, the section of sewertested is acceptable.7.2.8 If the test section fails, it is not prohibited that it be repaired and retested in accordance with this practice. The groundwaterelevation shall be redetermined prior to a second test and the test head adjusted, if
25、necessary, in accordance with 7.2.4.8. Leakage Criteria8.1 Infiltration Testing:8.1.1 For infiltration testing, the allowable leakage limit including manholes is 200 gal/(in. of internal diameter) (mile of sewer)(24 h) when the average head on the test section is 6 ft or less.NOTE 3The average head
26、on the test section is the head above the crown of the pipe at the upstream manhole plus the head above the crown of thepipe at the downstream manhole divided by two.8.1.2 When the average groundwater head on the test section is greater than 6 ft, the allowable leakage shall be increased inproportio
27、n to the ratio of the square root of the average groundwater head to the square root of the base head of 6 ft.8.1.3 Manholes shall be tested separately and independently or with the pipeline with the allowance of 0.1 gal/(ft of diameter)(ft of head) (h). If building or house leads are connected to t
28、he main line being tested, allowance shall be made for permissibleleakage in such leads.8.2 Exfiltration Testing:8.2.1 For exfiltration testing the allowable leakage limit including manholes is 200 gal/(in. of internal diameter) (mile of sewer)(24 h) when the average head on the test section is 3 ft
29、 or less.8.2.2 When the average head on the test section is greater than 36 ft, the allowable leakage shall be multiplied by the ratio ofthe square root of the average test head and the square root of the base head of 36 ft.8.2.3 Manholes shall be tested separately and independently or with the pipe
30、line with an allowance of 0.1 gal/(ft of diameter)(ft of head) (h).9. Calculation9.1 Sample calculations are presented in Appendix X1the Appendix. .C969 17210. Precision and Bias10.1 No justifiable statement is presently capable of being made either on precision or on bias of these procedures since
31、the testresults merely state whether there is conformance to the criteria for the success specified. Due to the sealing effects of groundwater,internal flow in the sewerline, and test water, the test conditions and results are not reproducible.APPENDIX(Nonmandatory Information)X1. APPLICATION OF THE
32、 PRACTICEX1.1 The following examples have been prepared to demonstrate the technique of applying this practice:X1.1.1 Example 1: Example 1: A sewer line is to be tested for infiltration. The sewer line is a 12-in. diameter pipe with thegroundwater head over the upstream manhole of 9 ft and a groundw
33、ater head over the downstream manhole of 11 ft. The distancebetween manholes is 400 ft.X1.1.1.1 Find: The appropriate allowable rate of infiltration leakage per hour of test.X1.1.1.2 Solution: The average test head in feet is:Test head59111!/2#510 (X1.1)Since the test head is greater than the base h
34、ead (6 ft), the allowable rate of 200 gal/(in. diameter) (mile) (24 h) must bemultiplied by the ratio of the square root of the average groundwater head (10 ft) and the square root of the base head (6 ft) or:Allowable leakage52003=10=6(X1.2)5258 gal/in. diameter!mile!24 h!Conversion of this rate to
35、the allowable leakage for the above line in gallons per hour gives:Allowable leakage:258 12 diameter! (X1.3)3400 ft!/24 h! 3 5280 ft/mile!#59.77X1.1.1.3 Answer: 9.77 gal/h.X1.1.2 Example 2: Example 2: Asewer line is to be tested for exfiltration as the groundwater level is below the crown of the pip
36、eat the upstream manhole. The sewer line is an 18-in. diameter pipe with a specified test head of 2 ft over the crown of the pipeat the upstream manhole. The sewer line test section is 400 ft long between manholes on a slope of 1.0 %.X1.1.2.1 Find: The appropriate allowable rate of exfiltration leak
37、age per hour of test.X1.1.2.2 Solution: The average test head in feet is:Test head540030.0112!122 54 (X1.4)Since the test head is greater than the base head (3 ft), the allowable rate of 200 gal/(in. diameter) (mile) (24 h) must bemultiplied by the ratio of the square root of the test head and the s
38、quare root of the base head (3 ft) or:Allowable leakage52003=4=3(X1.5)5231 gal/in. diameter!mile!24 h!Conversion of this rate to the allowable leakage for the above line in gallons per hour gives:Allowable leakage5231 18 diameter!3400 ft!/24 h!35280 ft/mile!#513.1 (X1.6)C969 173X1.1.2.3 Answer: 13.1
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