1、Designation: C 969M 02METRICStandard Practice forInfiltration and Exfiltration Acceptance Testing of InstalledPrecast Concrete Pipe Sewer Lines Metric1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 969M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption o
2、r, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice covers procedures for testing installedprecast concrete pipe se
3、wer lines using either water infiltrationor exfiltration acceptance limits to demonstrate the integrity ofthe installed materials and construction procedure.1.2 This practice is the metric companion of Practice C 969.NOTE 1The owner shall specify the following: who will conduct,observe, and furnish
4、labor, furnish material and measuring devices, andpay for the tests; who is responsible for determining local groundwaterconditions; and which test is to be conducted, that is, an infiltration test oran exfiltration test.NOTE 2The user of this practice is advised that test criteria presentedin this
5、practice are similar to those in general use. Pipe, 600-mm diameteror larger, may be accepted by visual inspection when testing forinfiltration.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standa
6、rd to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:C 822 Terminology Relating to Concrete Pipe and RelatedProducts23. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of terms relating to
7、 con-crete pipe, see Terminology C 822.4. Summary of Practice4.1 Determine the groundwater conditions surrounding thesection of sewer to be tested and select the type of test to beconducted.4.2 For the infiltration test, the amount of water leaking intothe sewer line is measured, and the rate of inf
8、iltration isdetermined. If the rate is less than or equal to the allowablelimit, the section of sewer tested is acceptable.4.3 For the exfiltration test, the sewer line is filled withwater to the specified test head and the rate of water loss isdetermined. If the rate is less than or equal to the al
9、lowablelimit, the section of sewer tested is acceptable.5. Significance and Use5.1 This is not a routine test. The values recorded areapplicable only to the sewer being tested and at the time oftesting.6. Preparation of the Sewer Line6.1 The sewer line shall be free of debris prior to testing.6.2 Th
10、e manholes, the ends of the branches, laterals, wyes,and stubs to be included in the test shall be plugged. All plugsshall be secured to prevent leakage blowout due to testingpressure.7. Procedure7.1 Infiltration Testing:7.1.1 Conduct testing from manhole to manhole or betweenmore than two manholes.
11、 The length of main tested shall notexceed 213 m.7.1.2 Stop all dewatering operations and allow the ground-water to return to its normal level. Infiltration testing shall notbe used unless the groundwater level is at least 0.6 m above thecrown of the pipe for the entire length of the test section.7.
12、1.3 Plug all pipe outlets discharging into the upstreammanhole.7.1.4 Measure the groundwater elevation and determine theaverage head over the test section.7.1.5 Measure infiltration leakage at the outlet of the testsection. Because leakage allowances are small, measurementsare best made by either ti
13、ming the filling of a small containerof known volume, or by directing flow into a container for aspecified time and measuring the content, or by using smallweirs.1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C13 on ConcretePipe and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C13.09 on
14、Methods of Test.Current edition approved Aug. 10, 2002. Published October 2002. Originallypublished as C 969M82. Last previous edition C 969M94(2000).2Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.05.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United
15、States.7.1.6 If the measured rate of leakage is less than or equal tothe allowable leakage in accordance with 8.1, the section ofsewer tested is acceptable.7.1.7 If the test section tails, it is not prohibited that it berepaired and retested in accordance with this practice.7.2 Exfiltration Testing:
16、7.2.1 Conduct testing from manhole to manhole or betweenmore than two manholes. The length of main tested shall notexceed 213 m.7.2.2 Determine the groundwater elevation at both ends ofthe test section. If the groundwater level is less than 0.6 mabove the crown of the pipe measured from the higheste
17、levation of the sewer, the exfiltration test shall be used.7.2.3 Plug all pipe outlets discharging into the upstreammanhole and the test section outlet, and fill the sewer line withwater.7.2.4 At the upstream manhole, the test head shall beestablished as a minimum of 0.6 m above the crown of thepipe
18、, or at least 0.6 m above existing groundwater, whicheveris higher.7.2.5 Allow the pipe to remain saturated for a period longenough to allow water absorption in the pipe, a minimum of 4h and up to a maximum of 72 h. After the absorption period,refill the pipe to the required test head.7.2.6 Measure
19、the leakage loss over a timed test period. Theminimum test period shall be 15 min and the maximum shallnot exceed 24 h.7.2.7 If the measured rate of leakage is less than or equal tothe allowable leakage in accordance with 8.2, the section ofsewer tested is acceptable.7.2.8 If the test section fails,
20、 it is not prohibited that it berepaired and retested in accordance with this practice. Thegroundwater elevation shall be redetermined prior to a secondtest and the test head adjusted, if necessary, in accordance with7.2.4.8. Leakage Criteria8.1 Infiltration Testing:8.1.1 For infiltration testing, t
21、he allowable leakage limitincluding manholes is 18.5 L/(mm of internal diameter) (km ofsewer) (24 h) when the average head on the test section is 1.8m or less.NOTE 3The average head on the test section is the head above thecrown of the pipe at the upstream manhole plus the head above the crownof the
22、 pipe at the downstream manhole divided by two.8.1.2 When the average groundwater head on the testsection is greater than 1.8 m, the allowable leakage shall beincreased in proportion to the ratio of the square root of theaverage groundwater head to the square root of the base headof 1.8 m.8.1.3 Manh
23、oles shall be tested separately and independentlyor with the pipeline with the allowance of 4 L/(m of diameter)(m of head) (h). If building or house leads are connected to themain line being tested, allowance shall be made for permissibleleakage in such leads.8.2 Exfiltration Testing:8.2.1 For exfil
24、tration testing, the allowable leakage limitincluding manholes is 18.5 L/(mm of internal diameter) (km ofsewer) (24 h) when the average head on the test section is0.9 m or less.8.2.2 When the average head on the test section is greaterthan 0.9 m, the allowable leakage shall be multiplied by theratio
25、 of the square root of the average test head and the squareroot of the base head of 0.9 m.8.2.3 Manholes may be tested separately and independentlyor with the pipeline with an allowance of 4 L/(m of diameter)(m of head) (h).9. Calculation9.1 Sample calculations are presented in the Appendix.10. Prec
26、ision and Bias10.1 No justifiable statement shall be made either on preci-sion or on bias of these procedures since the test results merelystate whether there is conformance to the criteria for thesuccess specified. Due to the sealing effects of groundwater,internal flow in the sewerline, and test w
27、ater, the test conditionsand results are not reproducible.APPENDIX(Nonmandatory Information)X1. APPLICATION OF THE PRACTICEX1.1 The following examples have been prepared todemonstrate the technique of applying this practice:X1.1.1 Example 1: A sewer line is to be tested forinfiltration. The sewer li
28、ne is a 300-mm diameter pipe with thegroundwater head over the upstream manhole of 2.7 m and agroundwater head over the downstream manhole of 3.3 m. Thedistance between manholes is 120 m.X1.1.1.1 Find: The appropriate allowable rate of infiltra-tion leakage per hour of test.X1.1.1.2 Solution: The av
29、erage test head in metres is:Test head 5 2.7 1 3.3!/2# 5 3 (X1.1)Since the test head is greater than the base head (1.8 m), theallowable rate of 18.5 L (mm diameter) (km) (24 h) must bemultiplied by the ratio of the square root of the averagegroundwater head (3 m) and the square root of the base hea
30、d(1.8 m) or:Allowable leakage 5 18.5 3 =3/=1.8 (X1.2)5 23.9 L/mm diameter!km!24 h! (X1.3)Conversion of this rate to the allowable leakage for theC969M022above line in litres per hour gives: Allowable leakage:23.9300 diameter! 3 120 m!24 h! 3 1000 m/km!5 35.8 (X1.4)X1.1.1.3 Answer: 35.8 L/h.X1.1.2 Ex
31、ample 2: A sewer line is to be tested forexfiltration as the groundwater level is below the crown of thepipe at the upstream manhole. The sewer line is a 450-mmdiameter pipe with a specified test head of 0.6 m over thecrown of the pipe at the upstream manhole. The sewer line testsection is 120 m lon
32、g between manholes on a slope of 1.0 %.X1.1.2.1 Find: The appropriate allowable rate of exfiltra-tion leakage per hour of test.X1.1.2.2 Solution: The average test head in metres is:Test head 5120 3 0.1 1 0.6! 1 0.625 1.2 (X1.5)Since the test head is greater than the base head (0.9 m), theallowable r
33、ate of 18.5 L/(mm diameter) (km) (24 h) ismultiplied by the ratio of the square root of the test head andthe square root of the base head (0.9 m) or:Allowable leakage 5 18.5=1.2/=0.9 (X1.6)5 21.4 L/mm diameter! km! 24 h! (X1.7)Conversion of this rate to the allowable leakage for theabove line in lit
34、res per hour gives:Allowable leakage 5 21.4450 dia! 3 120 m!24 h! 3 1000 m/km!5 48.2(X1.8)X1.1.2.3 Answer: 48.2 L/h.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly a
35、dvised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, eith
36、er reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend.
37、 If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).C969M023
