1、Designation: C990M 09 (Reapproved 2014)Standard Specification forJoints for Concrete Pipe, Manholes, and Precast BoxSections Using Preformed Flexible Joint Sealants (Metric)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C990M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
2、 oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers joints for precast concrete pi
3、peand box and other sections using preformed flexible jointsealants for use in storm sewers and culverts which are notintended to operate under internal pressure, or are not subjectto infiltration or exfiltration limits. Joint material used inhorizontal applications is intended to prevent the flow o
4、f solidsthrough the joint.1.2 Precast concrete manhole sections and other verticalstructures that are subject to internal or external pressure,infiltration, or exfiltration limits are not prohibited from beingspecified. Joints in vertical structures covered by this specifi-cation are intended mainly
5、 to prevent the flow of solids orfluids through the joint.1.3 This specification is to be used with pipe and structuresconforming in all respects to Specifications C14M, C76M,C478M, C506M, C507M, C655M, C985M, C1433M,C1504M, and C1577, provided that if there is a conflict inpermissible variations in
6、 dimensions, the requirements of thisspecification shall govern.1.4 This specification is the metric companion of Specifica-tion C990.NOTE 1This specification covers the material and performance of thejoint and sealant only. Infiltration and exfiltration quantities for installedsections are dependen
7、t on factors other than the joints which must becovered by other specifications and suitable testing of the installedpipeline.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish ap
8、pro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C14M Specification for Nonreinforced Concrete Sewer,Storm Drain, and Culvert Pipe (Metric)C76M Specification for Reinforced Concrete Culvert, Stor
9、mDrain, and Sewer Pipe (Metric)C478M Specification for Precast Reinforced Concrete Man-hole Sections (Metric)C506M Specification for Reinforced Concrete Arch Culvert,Storm Drain, and Sewer Pipe (Metric)C507M Specification for Reinforced Concrete EllipticalCulvert, Storm Drain, and Sewer Pipe (Metric
10、)C655M Specification for Reinforced Concrete D-LoadCulvert, Storm Drain, and Sewer Pipe (Metric)C822 Terminology Relating to Concrete Pipe and RelatedProductsC972 Test Method for Compression-Recovery of Tape Seal-antC985M Specification for Nonreinforced Concrete SpecifiedStrength Culvert, Storm Drai
11、n, and Sewer Pipe (Metric)C1433M Specification for Precast Reinforced ConcreteMonolithic Box Sections for Culverts, Storm Drains, andSewers (Metric)C1504M Specification for Manufacture of Precast Rein-forced Concrete Three-Sided Structures for Culverts andStorm Drains (Metric)C1577 Specification for
12、 Precast Reinforced Concrete Mono-lithic Box Sections for Culverts, Storm Drains, andSewers Designed According to AASHTO LRFDD4 Test Method for Bitumen ContentD6 Test Method for Loss on Heating of Oil and AsphalticCompoundsD36 Test Method for Softening Point of Bitumen (Ring-and-Ball Apparatus)1This
13、 specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C13 onConcrete Pipe and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C13.08 on Joints forPrecast Concrete Structures.Current edition approved May 1, 2014. Published May 2014. Originallyapproved in 1992. Last previous edition approved in 2009
14、 as C990M 09. DOI:10.1520/C0990M-09R14.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM Interna
15、tional, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1D71 Test Method for Relative Density of Solid Pitch andAsphalt (Displacement Method)D92 Test Method for Flash and Fire Points by ClevelandOpen Cup TesterD113 Test Method for Ductility of Bituminous MaterialsD
16、217 Test Methods for Cone Penetration of LubricatingGreaseD297 Test Methods for Rubber ProductsChemical Analy-sis2.2 AASHTO Standards:3T47 Test for Loss of Heating of Oil and Asphaltic Com-poundsT48 Test for Flash and Fire Points by Cleveland Open CupT51 Test for Ductility of Bituminous MaterialT111
17、 Test for Inorganic Matter or AshT229 Test for Specific Gravity of Asphalts and Tar PitchesSufficiently Solid to be Handled in Fragments3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of terms relating to concretepipe, see Terminology C822.4. Basis of Acceptance4.1 The acceptability of the pipe joint a
18、nd sealant shall bedetermined by the results of the physical tests prescribed in thisspecification, if and when required, and by inspection todetermine whether the pipe joint and the sealant conform tothis specification as to design and freedom from defects.5. Materials and Manufacture for Sealants5
19、.1 Bitumen sealants shall be produced from asphalts,hydrocarbon resins and plasticizing compounds reinforcedwith inert mineral filler and shall contain no solvents. Butylrubber sealants shall be produced from blends of butyl rubberand refined hydrocarbon resins and plasticizing compoundsreinforced w
20、ith inert mineral filler and shall contain nosolvents.5.2 Blends of material used in the manufacture of flexiblejoint sealants shall be approved by the owner and meet thecomposition and physical requirements prescribed in Section 6.The joint sealant shall not depend on oxidizing, evaporating, orchem
21、ical action for its adhesive or cohesive strength and shallbe supplied preformed and of suitable cross section and size toseal the joint annular space when the sections are joined. For agiven joint size, the sealing material, as furnished, shall be suchso as to encircle the outside circumference of
22、the spigot ortongue of the joint or the inside circumference of the bell orgroove and shall not be stretched when seated in the joint.Sealant material shall be furnished in the required length andcross-sectional dimensions, and the dimensions shall be clearlymarked. Sealant material shall be preform
23、ed to the followingspecified tolerances:ToleranceLength, % +5, 0Cross sectional area, % +10, 5Volume, mm3/linear m, % +5, 5Cross-sectional dimensions, mm, % +10, 5AADimensions in the field may vary from preformed dimensions.6. Physical Requirements for Sealants6.1 Bitumen Sealants:6.1.1 Bitumen seal
24、ants shall comply with the followingcomposition and physical requirements. Testing shall be inaccordance with the methods prescribed in Section 9.Hydrocarbon Blends, % by weight 50 minAsh-Inert Mineral Matter, % by weight 25 minVolatile matter, % by weight 3 maxSpecific gravity at 25C 1.15 to 1.40Du
25、ctility at 25C, cm 5 minFlash Point, C.O.C. 177C minFire Point, C.O.C., 191C minSoftening Point, 160C minCompression Index at 25C, N/cm327 maxCompression Index at 0C, N/cm395 maxCone Penetration at 25C, 150g, 5s, dmm 50 to 120Cone Penetration at 0C, 150g, 5s, dmm 15 minChemical Resistance No deterio
26、ration, no cracking,no swelling6.2 Butyl Rubber Sealant:6.2.1 Butyl rubber sealants (elastomeric polymer shall bebutyl rubber only) shall comply with the following composi-tion and physical requirements. Testing shall be in accordancewith the methods prescribed in Section 9.Butyl Rubber (hydrocarbon
27、 blends), % by mass 50 minAsh-Inert Mineral Matter, % by mass 30 minVolatile Matter, % by mass 3 maxSpecific Gravity at 25C 1.15 to 1.40Ductility at 25C, cm 5.0 minFlash Point, C.O.C. 177C minFire Point, C.O.C. 191C minCompression Index at 25C, N/cm327 maxCompression Index at 0C, N/cm354 maxCone Pen
28、etration at 25C, 150 g, 5 s, dmm 50 to 120Cone Penetration at 0C, 150 g, 5 s, dmm 30 minChemical Resistance No deterioration, nocracking, no swelling7. Design of Joints7.1 The pipe manufacturer shall furnish the owner with thedetailed design of the joint. The sealant manufacturer shallfurnish a comp
29、lete list of joint sizes showing the minimum sizeof material to be used with each size joint, along with completeinstructions on recommended installation procedures.7.1.1 The joint design shall consist of a bell or groove onone end of the section and a spigot or tongue on the adjacentend of the join
30、ing section.7.1.2 All surfaces of the joint upon or against which thesealant will bear shall be free of spalls, cracks or fractures, andimperfections that would adversely affect the function of thejoint.7.1.3 The joints of the sections shall be of such design thatthey will withstand the forces cause
31、d by the compression of thesealant when joined, without cracking or fracturing whentested, in accordance with Section 10.7.1.4 For horizontal installations, the angle of taper on theconic surfaces of the inside of the bell or groove and the outersurface of the spigot or tongue where the sealant seat
32、s shall be3Available from American Association of State Highway and TransportationOfficials (AASHTO), 444 N. Capitol St., NW, Suite 249, Washington, DC 20001,http:/www.transportation.org.C990M 09 (2014)2not more than 10 measured from the pipe axis. Alternatetapers are permitted if proven adequate by
33、 the plant testsspecified in Section 10 and approved by the owner.7.1.5 The annular space measured perpendicular to thesealant bearing surfaces of the assembled and centered jointshall not exceed 12 mm at any point or the maximum specifiedby the sealant manufacturer, whichever is the lesser. The joi
34、ntdesign shall provide for the deflection of a section by openingone side of the outside perimeter of the joint 12 mm wider thanthe assembled position. Where greater deflections are requiredthan provided by the joint design, beveled joints or elbows areacceptable if approved by owner.7.1.6 The seala
35、nt shall be the sole element depended upon tomake the joint flexible and meet the test requirements set forthin Section 10. The sealant is not prohibited from beingcomposed of one or more pieces and shall be applied as acontinuous ring in installation.7.2 Alternative Joint Designs:7.2.1 When agreed
36、upon by the owner, manufacturers arenot prohibited from submitting to the owner, detailed designsfor joints other than those described in 7.1.7.2.2 Design submissions shall include joint dimensions,tolerances, proposed plant tests, and such other information asrequired by the owner to evaluate the j
37、oint design for fieldperformance.7.2.3 Joints of alternative designs shall meet all test require-ments of this specification unless waived by the owner.Alternative joint designs shall be acceptable provided thedesigns are approved by the owner prior to manufacture andprovided the test pipe joints co
38、mply with the tests as describedin Section 10.8. Permissible Variations in Dimensions8.1 The planes formed by the ends of nonbeveled pipesections shall not vary from the perpendicular to the longitu-dinal axis by more than 4.5 mm for internal horizontal spans of750 mm and smaller; or by more than 6
39、mm for internalhorizontal spans of 825 mm to 1350 mm inclusive; or by morethan 9 mm for internal horizontal spans of 1500 mm and larger.9. Test Methods for Sealants9.1 The composition and physical properties of bitumen orbutyl sealants shall be determined in accordance with thefollowing test methods
40、:9.1.1 Bitumen (hydrocarbon blends)Test Method D4, andButyl Rubber (hydrocarbon blends)Test Methods D297.9.1.2 Ash-Inert Mineral MatterAASHTO T111.9.1.3 Volatile MatterTest Method D6 or AASHTO T47.9.1.4 Specific GravityTest Method D71 or AASHTOT229.9.1.5 DuctilityTest Method D113 or AASHTO T51.9.1.6
41、 Softening PointTest Method D36.9.1.7 PenetrationTest Method D217.9.1.8 Flash Point and Fire PointTest Method D92. Thecup shall be heated by an electric heater or oven.9.1.9 Chemical ResistanceChemical resistance shall bedetermined by 30-day separate immersion in 5 % solutions atambient room tempera
42、ture of HCl (hydrochloride acid), H2SO4(sulfuric acid), NaOH (sodium hydroxide), KOH (potassiumhydroxide), H2S (saturated hydrogen sulfide solution).9.1.10 Compression-Recovery of Tape SealantTestMethod C972.9.2 The sealant manufacturer shall, if required, furnishcertified copies of test reports spe
43、cified under this specification.10. Performance Requirements for Joints10.1 The sections shall be tested hydrostatically in verticalalignment and a sufficient number of sections shall be as-sembled in straight alignment to develop a pressure of at least70 kPa for 10 minutes at the test joint. Altern
44、ate test methodsare acceptable as long as the designated internal hydrostaticpressure is achieved at the joint. No mortar or concretecoatings, fillings or packing shall be placed prior to watertightness tests. There shall be no visible leakage. Moisture orbeads of water appearing on the joint will n
45、ot be considered asleakage.10.2 The user of this specification is advised that hydrostatictest is intended only for use as a quality control test, and not asa simulated service test. The 70 kPa pressure criterion forsections should not be considered an indication of the hydro-static pressure capabil
46、ity of the joint and sealant under installedconditions. Field tests for completed portions of concrete pipeand structures are not covered by this specification, but shall beincluded in the specifications for installation.11. Storage11.1 The sealant shall be stored in as cool and as clean aplace as p
47、racticable, preferably at a temperature between 10Cand 21C.12. Inspection12.1 The quality of the materials and the joint and sealantshall be subject to inspection and approval by the owner.13. Rejection13.1 Pipe joints and sealants shall be subject to rejectionupon failure to conform to any of the r
48、equirements of thisspecification.13.2 Sealants shall be subject to rejection whenever theyshow surface checking, weathering, or other deterioration priorto installation in the work.13.3 Joints that are damaged because of carelessness orcontinuing failure to prevent recurrent imperfections in manu-fa
49、cturing or damage during handling shall be subject torejection.14. Repairs14.1 Spalled areas, manufacturing imperfections, or damageduring handling of a pipe or box or other section that willadversely affect the joint, are not prohibited from beingrepaired. The repairs will be acceptable if, in the opinion of theowner, the repairs are sound, properly finished and cured,provided the length of a single area to be repaired does notexceed 10 % of the total perimeter length, and the length ofseveral areas to be repaired does not exceed 20 % of the t
