1、Designation: D1101 97a (Reapproved 2018)Standard Test Methods forIntegrity of Adhesive Joints in Structural Laminated WoodProducts for Exterior Use1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1101; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, i
2、n the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONThe integrity of adhesive joints for structural laminated wood members, such as la
3、minated archesand beams, should be at least equal to that of the wood. Because initial strength tests generally are notan adequate measure of integrity of adhesive joints under severe service conditions, a test thatsimulates the effects of exterior exposure has been devised to evaluate adhesive join
4、ts in structurallaminated wood members intended for this type of service.1. Scope1.1 These test methods cover an accelerated means ofmeasuring the resistance to delamination of structural lami-nated wood members intended for exterior service.1.2 These test methods are not intended as substitutes orr
5、eplacements for the more severe test of resistance to delami-nation in Specification D2559.1.3 Two test methods are included. Choice of test methoddepends on purpose of the test and available time to complete.1.3.1 Test Method AThis test requires 3 days to completeand is a method for determining the
6、 suitability of adhesives andmanufacturing techniques and equipment for production ofjoints adequate for exterior service.1.3.2 Test Method BThis test requires approximately 1212h. (If excessive delamination occurs, the cycle is repeated). Itis a quality-control type test for examining adhesive join
7、tquality.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to esta
8、blish appro-priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles
9、 for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D907 Terminology of AdhesivesD2559 Specification for Adhesives for Bonded StructuralWood Products f
10、or Use Under Exterior Exposure Condi-tions2.2 Other Standards:3ANSI A190.1 American Nation Standard for WoodProductsStructural Glued Laminated Timber3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsMany terms in these test methods aredefined in Terminology D907.3.1.1 glulam, nsynonym for structural-glued-laminatedtimbe
11、r.3.1.2 structural-glued-laminated timber, nan engineeredstress-rated product of a timber laminating plant comprisingassemblies of specially selected and prepared wood lamina-tions securely bonded together with adhesives, with the fol-lowing characteristics: (1) the grain of all laminations isapprox
12、imately parallel longitudinally; and (2) the laminationsmay be comprised of pieces end-joined to form any length, ofpieces placed or glued edge-to-edge to make wider ones or of1These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D14 onAdhesives and are the direct responsibility of Subcom
13、mittee D14.30 on WoodAdhesives.Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2018. Published August 2018. Originallyapproved in 1997. Last previous edition approve in 2013 as D1101 97a (2013).DOI: 10.1520/D1101-97AR18.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer S
14、ervice at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.Copyright ASTM International,
15、 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides an
16、d Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.1pieces bent to curved form during gluing. (Synonym glulam)ANSI A190.1. American National Standard for Wood Prod-uctsStructural Laminated.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 lami
17、nated wood, nthe fabricated product resultingfrom the bonding of two or more laminations, with eachlamination made from one or more pieces bonded eitherlengthwise, edgewise, or both, and all with the direction of thegrain essentially parallel, to form a larger piece such as astructural member.4. Sig
18、nificance and Use4.1 The test is suitable for check testing properly selectedsamples from regular production or for determining the suit-ability of adhesives and bonding techniques for the productionof joints for exterior service.4.2 Vary the number of specimens taken from each memberand the number
19、of members selected for test depending on thetotal number of members involved and the purpose of the tests.It is advisable, however, to include at least three specimens inthe test, with the specimens selected to represent the probablerange of quality of the adhesive joints.4.3 Adhesive joints at kno
20、ts and knotty areas in general arenot dependable under severe exposures. Disregard develop-ment of delamination at knots and do not include in themeasurements or calculations.5. Apparatus5.1 AutoclaveAn autoclave or similar pressure vesseldesigned to safely withstand pressures of at least 517 kPa (7
21、5psi) is required for impregnating the specimens with water.Equip the pressure vessel with a vacuum pump or similardevice capable of drawing a vacuum of at least 635 mm (25 in.)Hg (at sea level) in the vessel, and a pump or similar device forobtaining pressure of at least 517 kPa (75 psi) (gage pres
22、sure).6. Test Specimens6.1 Prepare or select the test specimens in such a mannerthat they are representative of the production run.When the testis employed to investigate new adhesives and procedures,ensure that enough specimens are available to cover fully thevariables under study.6.2 Take each tes
23、t specimen from a full cross-section of thelaminated member to be tested. Prepare by cutting perpendicu-lar to the grain of the wood, 76 mm (3 in.) in length (along thegrain). Cut the end-grain surfaces of the specimen with a sharpsaw or other tool that produces a smooth surface.6.3 Ensure that each
24、 test specimen is representative of allthe bond lines but need not necessarily include all, and thateach test specimen is at least 152 mm (6 in.) in depth, or thefull depth of section if less than 152 mm (6 in.) deep.6.4 Vary the number of specimens taken from each memberand the number of members se
25、lected for test, depending on thetotal number of members involved and the purpose of the tests.It is advisable, however, to include at least three specimens inthe test, with the specimens selected to represent the probablerange of quality of the adhesive joints.TEST METHOD A7. Procedure7.1 Place the
26、 test specimens in the autoclave or pressurevessel and weight them down.Admit water at a temperature of18 to 27C (65 to 80F) in sufficient quantity so that thespecimens are completely submerged. Separate the specimensby stickers, wire screens, or other means in such a manner thatall end grain surfac
27、es are freely exposed to the water. Draw avacuum of 508 to 635 mm (20 to 25 in.) Hg (at sea level) andhold it for 5 min. Then release the vacuum and apply a pressureof 517 + 34 kPa (75 6 5 psi) for 1 h. With the specimens stillcompletely immersed, repeat this vacuum pressure cycle mak-ing a two-cycl
28、e impregnating period requiring a total of 216 h.Dry the specimens for a period of between 21 and 22 h at 64to 67C (147 to 153F) and a relative humidity not greater than15 %, in an oven capable of maintaining 45 to 50 air changesper minute when the oven is empty. During drying, place thespecimens at
29、 least 50 mm (2 in.) apart with the end-grainsurfaces parallel to the stream of air. Repeat the entiresoaking-drying cycle twice to comprise a total test period of 3days.7.2 At the end of the final drying period, measure to thenearest 0.05 in. (1.3 mm) the total length of open adhesivejoints (delami
30、nation on the end grain surface of the specimens).Do not regard failure in the wood due to checking or othercauses as delamination (see Note 1). Ignore isolated delami-nation less than 2.5 mm (0.10 in.) long and more than 5.1 mm(0.20 in.) away from the nearest delamination.NOTE 1Delamination is a te
31、rm used to express separation of the woodsurfaces at the adhesive joints. When the separation is in the wood, eventhough very close to the adhesive joint, it is termed wood failure orchecking. Magnification is often necessary to determine whether thefailure is in the adhesive or in the wood. A feele
32、r gage 0.08 to 0.10 mm(0.003 or 0.004 in.) in thickness is convenient for probing into the joint todetermine if separation actually exists. A circular fluorescent desk lampwith 5 viewing magnifier in the center of the lamp has been found towork well and aid in these determinations.TEST METHOD B8. Pr
33、ocedure8.1 Weigh and record to the nearest 1 g (0.002 lb) the weightof each test specimen. Place the test specimens in the autoclaveor pressure vessel and weight them down. Admit water, at atemperature of 18 to 29C (65 to 85F) in sufficient quantity sothat the specimens are completely submerged. Sep
34、arate the testspecimens by stickers, wire screens, or other means in such amanner that all end-grain surfaces are freely exposed to thewater. Draw a vacuum of 508 to 635 mm (20 to 25 in.) Hg (atsea level) and hold it for 30 min. Then release the vacuum andapply a pressure of 517 6 34 kPa (75 6 5 psi
35、) for 2 h. Dry thespecimens for a period of approximately 10 h at 71C (160F)in an oven capable of maintaining 45 to 50 air changes perminute when the oven is empty (see Note 2). During drying,place the test specimens at least 50 mm (2 in.) apart with theend grain surfaces parallel to the stream of a
36、ir.D1101 97a (2018)2NOTE 2The relationship between the air temperature and the wet bulbreading yields an approximate relative humidity of 8 to 10 % andcorresponds to a wet bulb depression of 70F or 39C.8.2 The actual time in the drying oven is controlled by theweight of the test specimens.When their
37、 weight has returned towithin 15 % of the original test specimen weight prior to thebeginning of the test, delamination is then observed andrecorded.8.3 Measure to the nearest 1.3 mm (0.05 in.) the total lengthof open adhesive joints (delamination) on the end-grain sur-faces of the specimens. Do not
38、 regard failure in the wood dueto checking or other causes as delamination (see Note 1).Ignore isolated delamination less than 2.5 mm (0.10 in.) longand more than 5.1 mm (0.20 in.) away from the nearestdelamination.8.4 If the delamination observed at this point exceeds 5 %,the entire cycle is repeat
39、ed once and the delamination observedand recorded at the end of the second cycle.9. Calculation and Report9.1 Express the total length of open adhesive joints on thetwo end-grain surfaces of each specimen as a percentage of theentire length of the adhesive joints exposed on these surfaces(except omi
40、t bond lines at knots and knotty areas). Report thisvalue as the percentage delamination of the specimen.10. Precision and Bias10.1 No precision and bias exist for these test methods, asthe necessary resources have not been forthcoming.11. Keywords11.1 exterior use; glulam; laminated wood; structura
41、l-glued-laminated timber; structural laminated woodASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent righ
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45、be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the Copyright Clearance Center, 222Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, Tel: (978) 646-2600; http:/ 97a (2018)3
