1、Designation: D1282 18Standard Test Method forResistance to Airflow as an Indication of Average FiberDiameter of Wool Top, Card Sliver, and Scoured Wool1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1282; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption o
2、r, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the estimation of the averagefiber diameter of wool fi
3、bers by use of the Port-Ar and theWIRA Fiber Fineness Meter instrument, which operate on theair-flow principle. Other air-flow instruments have not beentested with this method. The method is directly applicable tonon-medullated, carded wool and wool top.1.2 This test method is applicable to grease w
4、ool andscoured wool after the samples of such materials have beenprepared as directed in Test Method D2130.NOTE 1The use of the Micronaire instrument for measuring thefineness of cotton fibers is covered in Test Method D1448.The assignment of grade for wool and mohair is covered in Specifica-tions D
5、3991 and D3992.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitatio
6、ns prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Tech
7、nicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D123 Terminology Relating to TextilesD1060 Practice for Core Sampling of Raw Wool in Packagesfor Determination of Percentage of Clean Wool FiberPresentD1448 Test Method for Micronaire Reading of Cotton Fi-bersD2130 Tes
8、t Method for Diameter of Wool and OtherAnimalFibers by MicroprojectionD3991 Specifications for Fineness of Wool or Mohair andAssignment of GradeD3992 Specifications for Fineness of Wool Top or MohairTop and Assignment of GradeD4845 Terminology Relating to Wool2.2 Other Standard:IWTO-6-92(E) Method o
9、f Test for the Determination of TheMean Diameter of Wool Fibers in Combed Sliver Usingthe Air-Flow ApparatusIWTO-28-82(E) Determination By The Airflow Method ofthe Mean Fibre Diameter of Core Samples of Raw Wool3. Terminology3.1 For all terminology related to wool and wool felt, referto Terminology
10、D4845.3.1.1 The following terms are relevant to this standard:sliver, specific area, top, and wool.3.2 For all other terminology related to textiles, see Termi-nology D123.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 The resistance to air flow of predetermined mass ofwool compressed to a fixed volume is measured. T
11、he instru-ments approved for use have been calibrated to read averagediameter in micrometres. Specimens of wool top are rated witha Wool Top Scale and specimens of carded, scoured wool andscoured12-in. (13.0-mm) cores are rated with a Scoured WoolScale. If instruments are properly calibrated, result
12、s are inter-changeable.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method is not recommended for the acceptancetesting of commercial shipments of wool top, card sliver, orscoured wool since the referee method, Test Method D2130,isrecommended for that purpose. Although this test method isnot recommended for
13、 acceptance testing, it is useful for fastquality control checks.5.1.1 If there are differences of practical significance be-tween reported test results for two laboratories (or more),comparative test should be performed to determine if there is a1This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Co
14、mmittee D13 on Textilesand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.13 on Wool and Felt.Current edition approved July 1, 2018. Published July 2018. Originally approvedin 1953. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as D1282 05 (2009) which waswithdrawn January 2018 and reinstated in July 201
15、8. DOI: 10.1520/D1282-18.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Ba
16、rr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom
17、mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.1statistical bias between them, using competent statistical assis-tance. As a minimum, use the samples for such a comparativetest that are as homogenous as possible, drawn from the samelot of material as th
18、e samples that resulted in disparate resultsduring initial testing and randomly assigned in equal numbersto each laboratory. The test results from the laboratoriesinvolved should be compared using a statistical test forunpaired data, a probability level chosen prior to the testingseries. If bias is
19、found, either its cause must be found andcorrected, or future test results for that material must beadjusted in consideration of the known bias.5.2 The specific area of the wool fibers is measured by theresistance in air flow.The resistance to air flow has been relatedto average fiber diameter measu
20、red by the microprojectionmethod. The instruments have been calibrated to read averagediameter in micrometres. Although the reading is affected bythe average fiber diameter distribution of the specimen, theresults secured by the instruments give no indication of thisdistribution. However, in convert
21、ing the micrometres readingto millitex units (Annex A1), low, medium, and high standarddeviations were used in the calculations to arrive at the rangeof millitex units which accordingly reflect the distribution offiber diameters.1) Balance Adjustment Knob 8) Porosity Calibration Control2) Balance Pa
22、n 9) Compression Lever3) Air Reservoir 10) Calibrator Plug Plunger4) Meter Zero Adjustment Screw 11) Porosity Calibrator Plug5) Porosity Test Chamber Lid 12) Calibration Weight6) Differential Pressure Gage 13) Weighing Balance Mechanism7) Porosity Zero Control 14) Atomizer BulbFIG. 1 Port-Ar Apparat
23、us1) Metal specimen container 6) Gage tube2) Packing rod 7) Millimetre scale3) Plunger 8) Vacuum supply4) Retaining collar 9) Upper gage tube mark5) Control knob 10) Lower gage tube markFIG. 2 WIRA Fiber Fineness MeterD1282 1826. Apparatus, Materials, and Reagent6.1 Port-Ar3, described in this metho
24、d and shown in Fig. 1.6.2 WIRA Fiber Fineness Meter4, described in this methodand shown in Fig. 2.6.2.1 Scale graduated in millimetres.6.2.2 Calibration chart converting float height in millimetresto diameter in micrometres.6.2.3 Air pump capable of furnishing a constant vacuum of609.6 mm (24 in.) o
25、f mercury.6.2.4 Tables of correction values to correct observed resultsin micrometres to deviations from standard conditions, 20C(68F) and 65 % relative humidity, as shown in Annex A2.6.3 Trichloroethane or equivalent solvent.6.4 Working Reference Samples, three, prepared by eachlaboratory for use i
26、n checking the instruments. One workingreference sample should be selected from each of the followingranges of grade: (1) up to and including 48s, (2) 50s to 60sinclusive, and (3) 62s or finer. These samples of uniformfineness with a low standard deviation, as explained in Appen-dix A1.1, must be th
27、oroughly tested both by the air-flowinstrument being used and by the microprojection method.6.5 Standard Reference Samples5Three samples are avail-able with the following average fiber diameters: 20.7 m, 27.3m and 37.4 m.7. Hazards7.1 Refer to the manufacturers material safety data sheetfor informat
28、ion on handling, use, storage, and disposal oftrichloroethane or equivalent solvent.7.2 Use trichloroethane or equivalent solvent in well-ventilated hood due to the associated health hazards.8. Calibration of Apparatus8.1 Calibrate the instrument on arrival in accordance withinstructions in Annex A2
29、.8.2 Recalibrate the instrument each day. Verify calibrationafter each 4 h of use or whenever an operational problem isnoted.9. Sampling9.1 Lot SampleFor acceptance testing, take at random thenumber of shipping containers directed in an applicable mate-rial specification or other agreement between t
30、he purchaser andthe supplier, such as an agreement to use Practice D1060.Consider shipping containers to be the primary sampling units.NOTE 2A realistic specification or other agreement between thepurchaser and the supplier requires taking into account the variabilitybetween shipping containers, bet
31、ween laboratory samples within a ship-ping container, and between specimens within a laboratory sample so as toprovide a sampling plan which at the specified level of the property ofinterest has a meaningful producers risk, consumers risk, acceptablequality level, and limiting quality level.9.2 Labo
32、ratory SampleAs a laboratory sample for ac-ceptance testing, take the number of subsamples from eachpackage in the lot sample as directed in an applicable materialspecification or other agreement between the purchaser and thesupplier, such as an agreement to use Practice D1060 if baledor bagged wool
33、 is to be tested.9.3 Test Specimens:9.3.1 Port-Ar ProcedureTake one specimen per labora-tory sampling unit.9.3.2 Wira ProcedureTake one specimen per laboratorysampling unit.10. Specimen Preparation10.1 Prepare test specimens of wool top, card sliver,scoured, or grease wool as directed in Test Method
34、 D2130.10.2 If no mechanical card is available, take two subsamplesof scoured wool, each weighing approximately 4 g more thanthe mass of wool required for measurement in the air-flowinstrument being used; hand card these subsamples at least 30strokes each and prepare a test specimen from each of the
35、m.10.3 Rinse all test specimens in the recommended solvent toreduce the extractable matter to less than 1 % of the specimenmass. Condition the test specimens as prescribed in 11.1 or11.2. From the conditioned test specimen, weigh the amount ofwool required for measurement in the air-flow instrumentb
36、eing used.10.3.1 Port-ArPlace approximately 12.5 g of the condi-tioned wool specimen in the balance basket. One pump of theatomizer bulb will indicate whether the specimen is too light ortoo heavy: If the meter reads above the red triangle, thespecimen is too heavy; if below, the specimen is too lig
37、ht.Adjust the specimen to 12.5 g by adding or removing smallamounts of wool. The meter indicates the mass of the specimento within6 0.5 % if the pointer is on scale, so the mass needsto be adjusted only until the pointer reads within the redtriangle.NOTE 3The accuracy of the balance should be thorou
38、ghly checkedbefore and while using the Port-Ar. The specimen may be weighed on aseparate balance.10.3.2 WIRA Fiber Fineness MeterWeigh a 2.500 60.005 g test specimen. Remove pieces of vegetable matter andother impurities before weighing.11. Conditioning11.1 For tests made on the Port-Ar as directed
39、in 11.2,reasonable results may be obtained even if the standardatmosphere for testing is not available since the instrumentuses low-pressure ambient air. Keep the instrument in adraft-free room, away from radiators, sunlight, and otherelements which disturb temperature or air. Allow the instru-ment
40、and the well-opened wool to be tested to remain in thesame atmospheric conditions for approximately 4 h before thespecimens are tested.3The Port-Ar instrument, trademark for a product manufactured by ZellwegerUster, 456 Troy Circle, P.O. Box 51720, Knoxville, TN 37950, has been foundsatisfactory for
41、 this purpose.4The WIRA Fiber Fineness Meter, trademark for a product manufactured byReynolds and Branson Ltd., for Thorn Bendix Ltd., Beech Ave., New Barford,Nottingham NG7 7JJ England. This instrument is available from Lawson-HemphillSales, Inc., P.O. Drawer 6388, Spartanburg, SC 29304.5May be obt
42、ained from Agricultural Marketing Service, Livestock and SeedDivision, 711 “O” Street, Greeley, CO 80631.D1282 18311.2 For tests made on the WIRA Fiber Fineness meter asdirected in 12.2, bring the test specimen to moisture equilib-rium with the standard atmosphere. A4 h conditioning period isusually
43、 sufficient.12. Procedure12.1 Procedure with the Port-Ar:12.1.1 Wool Top, Card Sliver, Scoured Wool, Grease WoolUsing the weighed test specimen, (see 10.3.1) place one end ofthe sliver in the chamber and tamp in the remainder. Do notfold the wool top before placing in the chamber. When all ofthe spe
44、cimen has been forced into the chamber, close thecompression chamber lid, 5, in place. Pull forward on thecompression lever, 9, until it locks in place. Apply air pressureeither by the atomizer bulb or by the electric pump to fill thepressure tank (Note 3). Read the diameter in micrometres onthe sca
45、le as the piston settles. Record the reading and removethe specimen, carefully reopen it by hand to eliminate compactareas, replace the specimen in the chamber and make a secondreading.NOTE 4In using the electric pump, some operators find continuousoperation advantageous. Satisfactory results will b
46、e obtained in this caseif calibration adjustments are also made with the pump running continu-ously.Asmall reservoir tank or “bladder” mounted in the air line betweenthe pump and the instrument will reduce needle vibration.NOTE 5Port-Ar instrument described in Fig. 1 is calibrated for woolgrade (Top
47、 and wool). Port-Ar instrument is also available for measuringmohair fibers.12.2 Procedure with the WIRA Fiber Fineness Meter:12.2.1 Feed the weighed specimen into the metal container,meanwhile pushing the wool down evenly into the containerwith the short end of the rod provided. It is important to
48、usethis rod and nothing else for packing since it prevents tightpacking of the fibers. Then push in the metal plunger (avoidingtrapping any fibers) until it rests on the lip of the container andscrew down the retaining collar to the furthest extent, mean-while holding the plate attached to the metal
49、 plunger to preventit rotating.12.2.2 With the control knob in the OFF position switch onthe pump then turn the knob slowly until the liquid level in thegage tube falls to the lower mark reading at eye level.12.2.3 Reading at eye level across the top of the spinnerrecord the scale reading to the nearest millimetre.12.2.4 Take out the specimen, reverse its direction, repackin the container using the rod and take another reading. Repeatthis until 4 readings have been recorded and take the average.Do not repack the specimen with the fingers.12.2.5 Turn the c
