1、Designation: D 1335 05Standard Test Method forTuft Bind of Pile Yarn Floor Coverings1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 1335; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in
2、 parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the forcerequired t
3、o pull a tuft completely out of a pile yarn floorcovering sample.1.2 This test method is applicable to both cut and loop pileyarn floor covering.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard; the values inch-pound units are provided as informa-tion only and are not exact equivalent
4、s. In case of refereedecisions the SI units shall prevail.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bil
5、ity of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D76 Specification for Tensile Testing Machines for TextilesD 123 Terminology Relating to TextilesD 1776 Practice for Conditioning Textiles for TestingD 2904 Practice for Interlaboratory Testing of a Textile TestMet
6、hod that Produces Normally Distributed DataD 2906 Practice for Statements on Precision and Bias forTextilesD 5684 Terminology Relating to Pile Floor Coverings3. Terminology3.1 For all terminology related to Pile Floor Coverings,D13.21, refer to Terminology D 5684.3.1.1 The following terms are releva
7、nt to this standard:carpet, constant-rate-of-extension, cut pile yarn floor covering,finished, finished pile yarn floor covering, floor covering, looppile yarn floor covering, pile, pile yarn floor covering, textilefloor covering, tuft, tuft bind, tuft leg, tufted fabric.3.2 For all other terminolog
8、y related to textiles see Termi-nology D 123.4. Summary of Method4.1 A specimen (tuft leg or loop) is mounted in a specialclamping fixture of a tensile testing machine and the testsample containing the specimen is mounted on a special holderon the tensile testing machine. The force to pull the speci
9、menfree from the test sample is measured as the tuft bind.5. Significance and Use5.1 Test Method D 1335 for tuft bind of pile yarn floorcoverings is being used for acceptance testing of commercialshipments. Comparative tests as directed in 5.1.1 may beadvisable.5.1.1 In case of a dispute arising fro
10、m differences inreported test results using this test method, the purchaser andthe supplier should conduct comparative tests to determine ifthere is a statistical bias between their laboratories. Competentstatistical assistance is recommended from the investigation ofbias. As a minimum, the two part
11、ies should take a group of testsamples that are homogeneous as possible and are from a lot ofmaterial of the type in question. The test samples should thenbe randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory fortesting. The average results from the two laboratories should becompared using approp
12、riate statistical analysis, and a probabil-ity level chosen by the two parties before testing begun. If abias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected orthe purchaser and the supplier must agree to interpret futuretest results with consideration to the known bias.5.2 The satisfactory p
13、erformance of a pile yarn floor cover-ing depends to a considerable extent on the maintenance of itsoriginal appearance. In a cut pile yarn floor covering aninadequate tuft bind may result in complete loss of pile in areasexposed to severe wear. In a looped pile yarn floor covering1This test method
14、is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D13 on Textilesand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.21 on Pile Floor Covering.Current edition approved March 1, 2005. Published April 2005. Originallyapproved in 1954. Discontinued in November 1995 and reinstated as D 1335 98.Last previous
15、edition approved in 2003 as D 1335 03.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM Interna
16、tional, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.with inadequate tuft bind the pile loops may be pulled out toform unsightly long loops which may be hazardous.6. Apparatus6.1 Tensile Testing Machine, Constant-rate-of-extension(CRE) type, conforming to Speci
17、fication D76, with a capacityselected such that the force required to complete the test fallswithin 15 to 85 % of full scale. A full scale ranging from 4.45N to 111 N (1 lbf to 25 lbf) is generally adequate. Forconstant-rate-of-extension (CRE) type and constant-rate-of-traverse (CRT) type machines,
18、the rate is 300 6 10 mm/min(12 6 0.5 in./min). In case of controversy the CRE type tensiletesting machine shall prevail.NOTE 1The test results obtained with different types of testingmachines is not always the same.6.2 Metal Cylindrical Sample Holder, 150 mm (6.0 in.) longmade from 40 mm (1.5 in.) o
19、utside diameter tubing with asection 50 mm (2.0 in.) long portion of the tubing cut away.See Fig. 1. The sample holder should be constructed in amanner that will permit clamping the test sample in thenonmeasuring, pulling clamp of the tensile testing machine orreplacement of the nonmeasuring clamp b
20、y the sample holder.6.3 Tuft Clamp, for use only with cut pile, consisting oftweezer-like clamp that can be used to grip a single tuft tightlyenough to assure removal of the whole tuft from the pile yarnfloor covering without slippage of the tuft in the tuft clamp.Alternatively, a hemostat3can be us
21、ed.6.4 Loop Hook, for use only with loop pile, consisting of ahook which can be readily passed through the loop and hookedunder the top of the loop. The hook should be made of wirehaving a diameter of at least 0.8 mm (132 in.) and should beconstructed so that it can be clamped/attached to, or replac
22、e,the measuring clamp of the test machine.7. Sampling7.1 Lot SampleAs a lot sample for acceptance testing,take at random the number of rolls, or pieces, of pile yarn floorcovering as directed in an applicable material specification orother agreement between the purchaser and the supplier.Consider th
23、e rolls, or pieces, of pile yarn floor covering to bethe primary sampling units. In the absence of such agreement,take one roll or piece from the lot to be tested.NOTE 2An adequate specification or other agreement between thepurchaser and supplier requires taking into account the variability between
24、rolls or pieces of pile yarn floor covering and between specimens from aroll or pieces of pile yarn floor covering to provide a sampling plan witha meaningful producers risk, consumers risk, acceptable quality level,and limiting quality level.7.2 Laboratory SampleFor acceptance testing, cut a sec-ti
25、on extending the full width of the pile yarn floor covering andat least 100 mm (4 in.) longer than the test sample requested in7.3, from each roll, or piece, in the lot. For rolls of pile floorcovering, take a sample that will exclude fabric with visibledamage.7.3 Test SampleFrom each laboratory sam
26、pling unit, cutfive test samples with the longer direction parallel to themachine direction. Consider the long direction as the directionof test. Cut each test sample 150 mm 3 200 mm (6 in. 3 8 in.).The test sample should be taken no nearer to the edge than 5 %of the pile yarn floor covering width.7
27、.3.1 If the pile floor covering is back coated only, exercisecare in handling the sample to prevent breaking, or otherwisedisturbing, the back coating.7.4 Test SpecimensTest three specimens from each testsample. A specimen is a tuft leg or loop. In cases where a pileyarn floor covering contains both
28、 cut and uncut pile, test onlythe uncut (loop).NOTE 3If the uncut (loop) is satisfactory, the cut pile will beadequate.7.5 Test ResultThe test result is the average for the threespecimens in a test sample.8. Preparation and Verification of Apparatus8.1 Tensile Testing Machine, A constant-rate-of ext
29、ension(CRE) type conforming to Specification D76with a constantrate-of-traverse of 300 6 10 mm/min (12 6 0.5 in./min) ispreferred. A constant-rate-of-traverse (CRT) type tensile test-ing machine conforming to Specification D76and operated atthe same speed is permitted.8.2 If required, replace the no
30、nmeasuring clamp of the testmachine with the sample holder described in 6.2.8.3 Replace the measuring clamp of the test machine with,or attach to the measuring clamp of the test machine, the tuftclamp described in 6.3 or the loop-hook described in 6.4depending on which is required for the type of pi
31、le yarn floorcovering under test (Note 3).8.3.1 Because the tuft clamp or loop hook is attached to, orreplaces, the usual measuring clamp of the test machine,compensate for the effect of the altered mass of the clamp toretain the previous verification of the testing machine.9. Conditioning9.1 Bring
32、the test samples to moisture equilibrium fortesting in the standard atmosphere for testing textiles, ap-proaching equilibrium from the dry side, without heat. Deter-mine that moisture equilibrium for testing has been attained asdirected in Practice D 1776.3Three Hemostats suitable for this purpose c
33、an be obtained from manylaboratory equipment suppliers.FIG. 1 Metal Specimen Holder, Cut-Away TypeD133505210. Procedure10.1 Cut Pile Yarn Floor Covering:10.1.1 Test the conditioned specimens in the standard atmo-sphere for testing textiles.10.1.2 Mount the test sample on the sample holder and placei
34、n the stationary clamp jaws with the rows of tufts (machinedirection) at right angles to the long axis of the holder in sucha position that the tuft to be tested is approximately centeredover the cut away portion of the holder. The tension on the testsample should be uniform across the clamp width s
35、o that thesample presents an undistorted cylindrical surface over the cutaway section of the sample holder. Locate a tuft to be pulledout directly below the center of the pulling clamp or hook.10.1.3 Select only one tuft for testing from any one row andallow at least 25 mm (1.0 in.) between any tuft
36、 tested and theedge of the sample.10.1.4 Using the tuft clamp grip one tuft leg (Fig. 2). Makecertain that all fibers forming the tuft leg are securely grippedby the tuft clamps. Take care not to pinch, “break the back” orotherwise deform the test sample in the selection of, andattachment of the cla
37、mp to, the specimen under test.10.1.5 Start the testing machine. Record the maximum forceto the nearest 0.5 N (0.1 lbf). This is tuft bind.10.1.6 Test the remaining specimens taking them fromdifferent rows.10.2 Loop Pile Yarn Floor Covering:10.2.1 Test the conditioned specimens in the standard atmo-
38、sphere for testing textiles.10.2.2 Mount the test sample on the sample holder asdescribed in 10.1.2.10.2.3 Select only one loop for testing from any one row oftufts and allow at least 25 mm (1.0 in.) between any loop testedand the edge of the test sample. Insert the loop hook in the loopto be tested
39、. See Fig. 3.NOTE 4If Section 10 is not followed, a spurious value may beobtained if one or both ends of the loop under test is buried in the backconstruction for a number of construction repeats.10.2.4 Start the testing machine. Record the maximum forceto the nearest 0.5 N (0.1 lbf). This is tuft b
40、ind.10.2.5 Test the remaining specimens taking them fromdifferent rows.11. Calculation11.1 Calculate the average tuft bind to the nearest 0.5 N (1.0lbf) for each test sample, each laboratory sampling unit, and thelot.11.1.1 Recent innovations in tufting machines have in-cluded equipment with dual ne
41、edle bars which traverse later-ally as the backing moves through the tufting machine. Thiscan result in stitches which cross over other stitches on theback side of the material. The stitches in the plane which areclosest to the primary backing, and those which cross overother stitches create a bimod
42、al distribution of numbers whichshould not be used to calculate an “average” value withoutincluding the range.12. Report12.1 State that the tests were performed as directed in theTest Method D 1335. Describe the product sampled and themethod of sampling.12.2 Report the following information:12.2.1 T
43、he tuft bind for each test sample, laboratory sample,and the lot sample.12.2.2 The number of specimens tested, and samples tested.12.2.3 The type of tensile testing machine used for the test.13. Precision and Bias13.1 SummaryIn comparing two averages, the differencesshould not exceed the single-oper
44、ator precision values shownin Tables 1 and 2 for the respective number of tests in 95 outof 100 cases when all the observations are taken by the sameFIG. 2 Arrangement of Tuft Clamp, And Tufts for TestingFIG. 3 Arrangement of Hook, And Loops for TestingTABLE 1 Critical Differences for Two Averages f
45、or theConditions Noted 95 % Probability Level, lbsNumber of TestResults in EachAverageSingle Material ComparisonsBetween-LaboratoryPrecisionSingle OperatorPrecisionWithin-LaboratoryPrecision1 1.13 1.13 1.135 .50 .52 .5210 .36 .38 .3815 .29 .32 .32D1335053well trained operator using the same test met
46、hod techniquesand specimens randomly drawn from the sample of material.Larger differences are likely to occur under all other circum-stances.13.2 Interlaboratory Test DataAn interlaboratory test wasrun in 1997 in which randomly-drawn samples of four mate-rials were tested in each of two laboratories
47、. Each laboratoryused two operators, each of whom tested 2 specimens of eachmaterial using Test Method D 1335. The components ofvariance for tuft bind expressed as standard deviations werecalculated to be the values listed in Table 3. Analysis of thedata was conducted using Practice D 2904, Practice
48、 D 2906and the Adjunct “Tex-Pac”. The material types were:Material 1: Tufted/shifted commercial cut pileMaterial 2: Tufted/shifted commercial cut pileMaterial 3: Tufted/shifted commercial loop pileMaterial 4: Tufted/shifted commercial loop pile13.3 PrecisionFor the components of variance reported in
49、Table 3, two averages of observed values should be consideredsignificantly different at the 95 % probability level if thedifference equals or exceeds the critical differences listed inTables 1 and 2.NOTE 5The tabulated values of the critical differences should beconsidered to be a general statement, particularly with respect to between-laboratory precision.NOTE 6Because the interlaboratory test included less than fivelaboratories, estimates of between-laboratory precision may be eitherunderestimated or overestimated to a considerable extent and should beused with s
