1、Designation: D1508 02 (Reapproved 2007)1Standard Test Method forCarbon Black, Pelleted Fines and Attrition1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1508; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last
2、revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1NOTETable 1 and Table 2 revised editorially in April 2010.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the determination of the finesand attrit
3、ion of pelleted carbon black.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations
4、 prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D1511 Test Method for Carbon BlackPellet Size Distri-butionD1799 Practice for Carbon BlackSampling PackagedShipmentsD1900 Practice for Carbon BlackSampling Bulk Ship-mentsD4483 Practice for Evaluating Precision for Test MethodStandards in the
5、Rubber and Carbon Black ManufacturingIndustriesD5817 Practice for Carbon Black, PelletedReduction,Blending, and Drying of Gross Samples for TestingE11 Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and TestSieves3. Summary of Test Method3.1 Method A, FinesA sample of carbon black is placedon a 125-m
6、sieve and shaken in a mechanical or vibratorysieve shaker for 5 min. The pellets, pellet fragments, dust, andunpelletized black that pass through the sieve are defined ascarbon black fines. The fines are expressed in percent.3.2 Method B, AttritionThe same test sample is shaken foran additional 15 m
7、in to determine the amount of pelletdegradation or attrition created during this additional shakeinterval. The attrition is expressed in percent.4. Significance and Use4.1 Method A, FinesThe fines content of carbon black isrelated to the bulk flowability, dustiness, and, in some in-stances, the leve
8、l of dispersion. Due to the many othervariables that influence dispersion and handling, the signifi-cance of fines content must be determined by the user.4.2 Method B, AttritionBy comparing the percent finesand attrition, an indication can be obtained of pellet stabilityand the amount of fines that
9、may be created by pelletdegradation in conveying, handling or transit.5. Apparatus5.1 Mechanical or Vibratory Sieve Shaker.35.2 Sieves, six 125-m (U.S. Standard No. 120) having a200-mm (8-in.) diameter and 25-mm (1-in.) height, or equiva-lent, conforming to Specification E11.5.3 Sieve Separator Rece
10、ivers, five required.5.4 Sieve Cover.5.5 Bottom Receiver Pan.5.6 Riffle Sample Splitter.5.7 Small Scoop or Large Spoon.5.8 Balance, 0.1-g sensitivity.6. Sampling6.1 Samples shall be taken in accordance with PracticeD1799 or Practice D1900.6.2 Practice D5817 shall be used for reduction and blendingof
11、 samples.7. Procedure7.1 Method A, Fines and Method B, Attrition:7.1.1 Stack up to six sets of sieves and receivers with areceiver beneath each sieve.7.1.2 Weigh 25.0 g portions, being careful to dip approxi-mately 25 g of black from the riffle splitter.NOTE 1It is not good practice to weigh the sam
12、ple by pouring it1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D24 on CarbonBlack and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D24.51 on Carbon BlackPellet Properties.Current edition approved May 1, 2007. Published July 2007. Originally approvedin 1957. Last previous edition appr
13、oved in 2002 as D1508 022. DOI: 10.1520/D1508-02R07E01.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3A RoT
14、ap or vibratory sieve shaker is satisfactory for this purpose. For adescription of these refer to Test Method D1511.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.directly out of the black container since the fines and smaller pelle
15、ts willtend to remain in the container while the larger pellets pour out first.Dipping the black from the container is the preferred technique.7.1.3 Transfer each sample to an individual 125-m sieve.NOTE 2Six different materials or samples may be tested when all sixsets of sieves are used. In some l
16、abs the position of the sieve may affectresults with the higher sieves yielding higher fines data. For this reason thecenter position, sieves 3 and 4, should be used for referee testing.7.1.4 Assemble up to six sets of sieves and receivers into astack. Place a cover on top and transfer to the shaker
17、. Tightenthe shaker to eliminate any looseness. Refer to the user manualfor operation of the vibratory sieve shaker. A vibratory ampli-tude of 1.3 mm should be selected with the vibratory sieveshakers operating at 3600 vpm. However, products that containlittle or no binder may experience excessive a
18、ttrition at thespecified amplitude of 1.3 mm. It is the responsibility of theuser to determine the appropriate amplitude for these productsin order to match the Ro-Tap3values. It should be noted thatchanging the amplitude for standard products is not recom-mended and may result in erroneous values.7
19、.1.5 Start the shaker and allow to shake for 5 min with thehammer operating.7.1.6 Remove the sieve assembly from the shaker and weighthe carbon black retained in each receiver to the nearest 0.1 g.NOTE 3To test only attrition, discard the fines without weighing.7.2 Method A, Fines:7.2.1 If testing o
20、nly fines, empty and clean thoroughly allsieves in preparation for the next test.NOTE 4If attrition is to be tested, retain the pellets on the sieve anddiscard the fines on the receiver. Proceed to Method B, Attrition.7.3 Method B, Attrition:7.3.1 Reassemble the sieves and transfer the stack back to
21、the shaker. Shake for an additional 15 min with the hammeroperating.7.3.2 Remove the sieve assembly and weigh the carbonblack retained on each receiver to the nearest 0.1 g.7.3.3 Empty and clean thoroughly all sieves in preparationfor the next test.8. Calculation8.1 Calculate the fines content to th
22、e nearest 0.1 % asfollows:F 5WF/S!3100 (1)8.2 Calculate attrition to the nearest 0.1 % as follows:A 5WA/S!3100 (2)where:A = attrition, %,F = fines content, %,WF = mass of carbon black in receiver after 5 min shake, g,WA = mass of carbon black in receiver after additional 15min shake, total 20 min g,
23、 andS = mass of black tested, g.9. Report9.1 Report the following information:9.1.1 Proper identification of the sample.9.1.2 Time duration of shaking.9.1.3 Results obtained, reported to the nearest 0.1 %.10. Precision and Bias10.1 These precision statements have been prepared inaccordance with Prac
24、tice D4483. Refer to this practice forterminology and other statistical details.10.2 The precision results in this precision and bias sectiongive an estimate of the precision for fines and attrition testing.The precision parameters should not be used for acceptance orrejection testing of any group o
25、f materials without documen-tation that they are applicable to those particular materials andthe specific testing protocols of the test method.10.3 A Type 1 interlaboratory precision program was con-ducted in May 1998. Both repeatability and reproducibilityrepresent short term testing conditions. Se
26、ven laboratoriestested four carbon blacks twice on two different days. A testresult is the value obtained from a single determination.Acceptable difference values were not measured. The betweenoperator component of variation is included in the calculatedvalues for r and R.10.4 The results of the pre
27、cision calculations for this test aregiven in Table 1 and Table 2 respectively. The materials arearranged in ascending “mean level” order.10.5 Precision is dependent upon the amount of fines orattrition. It can be estimated by selecting a material from Table1 and Table 2 with properties similar to t
28、he test material andreading the corresponding precision figures.10.6 RepeatabilityThe test repeatability of fines, r orattrition (r) has been established as any appropriate value inTable 1 or Table 2 Two single test results that differ by morethan the tabulated value must be considered suspect. Appr
29、o-priate action should be taken.10.7 ReproducibilityThe test reproducibility of fines, R orattrition, (R) has been established as any appropriate value inTable 1 or Table 2. Two single test results that differ by morethan the tabulated value must be considered suspect. Appro-priate action should be
30、taken.10.8 BiasReference values do not exist for fines andattrition since the levels of the test properties are definedexclusively by the test method. Therefore bias cannot bedetermined.10.9 Test precision using vibratory sieve shakers has notbeen determined.11. Keywords11.1 attrition; carbon black;
31、 fines; pellet qualityTABLE 1 Test Method Precision-Type 1: Five Minute Fines (%)Materials MeanLevel %Within Laboratories Between LaboratoriesSr r (r) SR R (R)Material C 1.5 0.31 0.9 60.2 0.51 1.5 98.9Material A 2.2 0.53 1.5 69.2 0.68 1.9 88.4Material D 4.5 0.89 2.5 55.7 1.03 2.9 64.4Material B 9.8
32、0.87 2.5 25.2 0.91 2.6 26.4Pooled orAverage Values4.5 0.70 2.0 43.8 0.81 2.3 51.1D1508 02 (2007)12ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determ
33、ination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or w
34、ithdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that
35、your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (s
36、ingle or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM webs
37、ite (www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).TABLE 2 Test Method Precision-Type 1: Attrition (%)NOTESr = repeatability standard deviation, in measurement units.r = repeatability, in measurement units.(r) = repeatability, (relative) percent.SR = reproducibility standard deviation, in measurement units.R = reproduci
38、bility, in measurement units.(R) = reproducibility, (relative) percent.Materials MeanLevel %Within Laboratories Between LaboratoriesSr r (r) SR R (R)Material B 0.9 0.14 0.4 46.1 0.24 0.7 78.1Material A 0.9 0.15 0.4 47.2 0.23 0.6 69.6Material D 1.8 0.25 0.7 39.7 0.54 1.5 85.2Material C 2.3 0.19 0.6 24.0 0.61 1.7 75.4Pooled orAverage Values1.5 0.19 0.5 36.7 0.44 1.2 84.8D1508 02 (2007)13
