1、Designation: D1755 09D1755 15Standard Specification forPoly(Vinyl Chloride) Resins1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1755; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in pa
2、rentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers the establishment of requirements for homopolymers of vinyl chloride in original powder formintended for subsequent mixi
3、ng and processing in thermoplastic compositions. These resins have a nominal specific gravity of 1.4and a theoretical chlorine content of 56.8 %.1.2 Two types of resin have been recognized: general purpose (suspension or mass) and dispersion. When mixed with thecustomary amount of plasticizer, gener
4、al-purpose resins yield a dry or moist powder while dispersion resins yield a liquid slurry.Since many resins are polymerized to meet special requirements, a system of classification has been provided that permits a widechoice of grades.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the sta
5、ndard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.NOTE 1This
6、standard and ISO 1264 1980 address the same subject matter, but differ in technical content (and results cannot be directly comparedbetween the two test methods.content.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D281 Test Method for Oil Absorption of Pigments by Spatula Rub-outD495 Test Method for H
7、igh-Voltage, Low-Current, Dry Arc Resistance of Solid Electrical InsulationD883 Terminology Relating to PlasticsD1125 Test Methods for Electrical Conductivity and Resistivity of WaterD1243 Test Method for Dilute Solution Viscosity of Vinyl Chloride PolymersD1600 Terminology for Abbreviated Terms Rel
8、ating to PlasticsD1823 Test Method for Apparent Viscosity of Plastisols and Organosols at High Shear Rates by Extrusion ViscometerD1824 Test Method for Apparent Viscosity of Plastisols and Organosols at Low Shear RatesD1895 Test Methods for Apparent Density, Bulk Factor, and Pourability of Plastic M
9、aterialsD1921 Test Methods for Particle Size (Sieve Analysis) of Plastic MaterialsD2132 Test Method for Dust-and-Fog Tracking and Erosion Resistance of Electrical Insulating MaterialsD2396 Test Methods for Powder-Mix Time of Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Resins Using a Torque RheometerD3030 Test Method
10、 for Volatile Matter (Including Water) of Vinyl Chloride ResinsD3367 Test Method for Plasticizer Sorption of Poly(Vinyl Chloride) Resins Under Applied Centrifugal ForceD3892 Practice for Packaging/Packing of PlasticsE1E2251 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass ThermometersLiquid-in-Glass ASTM Ther
11、mometers with Low-HazardPrecision Liquids3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsDefinitions are in accordance with Terminology D883 and Terminology D1600, unless otherwise indicated.1 This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 on Plastics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommitte
12、e D20.15 on Thermoplastic Materials.Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2009Oct. 1, 2015. Published February 2009October 2015. Originally approved in 1960. Last previous edition approved in 20012009 asD1755 - 92D1755 - 09.(2001). DOI: 10.1520/D1755-09.10.1520/D1755-15.2 For referencedASTM standards, vi
13、sit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM stand
14、ard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM
15、 is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States14. Classification4.1 TypesThis specification covers two types of resin:4.1.1 T
16、ype GPGeneral-purpose resins primarily intended for either dry blending, preblending, or thermoplastic processing-.suspension or mass resins.4.1.2 Type DDispersion resins primarily intended for use in organosols and plastisols. As a class, these are small in particlesize.4.2 GradesThis specification
17、 provides for as many grades of resin as it is feasible to be selected from the possiblecombinations of requirements in Table 1 and Table 2.Agrade is designated by first indicating the type (GP or D), followed by cellnumbers for each property in the order in which they are listed in Table 1 and Tabl
18、e 2. Where there is no interest in a property,a “0” is entered in place of a cell number. If it were desirable, it is acceptable to extend a cell limit by half the cell range into thenext higher or lower cell, but not both. When this is done, it is indicated by a dash above the cell number (n) if th
19、e extension isinto the higher cell, or a dash below (n) if into the lower cell. Extension of cell limits applies only to cells where ranges ofproperties are allowed and not where maximum or minimum values are specified. The cell number of the first property (dilutesolution viscosity) is separated fr
20、om those that follow by a dash.4.3 Inherent Viscosity Cell NumberWhen selecting the inherent viscosity cell number, the number shall cover the full inherentviscosity production range for the specific product.Aresin with an inherent viscosity of 1.07 to 1.11 production range would havea 5 cell number
21、. A resin with an inherent viscosity of 1.10 to 1.14 production range would have a 6 cell number5. General Requirements5.1 The resin shall be in powder form.5.2 The resin shall conform to the requirements of Table 1 or Table 2, as specified by the type and grade designation agreedupon between the pu
22、rchaser and the supplier.designation.NOTE 2It is possible that properties not covered, such as heat stability, color, and volatile loss, are also important for application performance incompounds.6. Sampling6.1 Sample using a statistically acceptable procedure. Adequate statistical sampling before p
23、ackaging is an acceptableprocedure.Abatch or lot of material shall be considered as a unit of manufacture prepared for shipment and is permitted to consistof a blend of two or more production runs of material.TABLE 1 Type GP, General-Purpose Resin RequirementsDesig-nationOrderNo.PropertyCell Limits0
24、 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 91 Dilute solution(inherent) viscosityunspecfied 0.39 0.70 0.75 0.87 0.99 1.09 1.19 1.29 1.382 Sieve analysis,percent throughNo. 200 (75-m)sieveunspecified 0 to 9 10 to 19 20 to 29 30 to 39 40 to 49 50 to 59 60 to 79 80 to 99 1003 Apparent (bulk)density:3 Apparent (bulk)density (min
25、):g/1000 cm3 unspecified 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 35.0 40.0 .5 Dry flow,s/400 cm3unspecified . . 10.0 12.0 14.0 16.0 18.0 20.0 .6 Conductivity,max, S/cmgunspecified . . 1993 Severs viscosity,poiseunspecified 0 to 49 50 to 99 100 to 149 150 to 199 200 to 299 300 to 499 500 to 999 1000 to 1499 1499D17
26、55 15314.2 Summary of Test MethodThis test is intended to distinguish between electrical and nonelectrical grades of unprocessedresin. In general, the test will not detect relatively small differences among different lots of electrical grade resin.Awater dispersionof the resin is boiled for a short
27、time and the electrical conductivity of the solution measured. The conductivity of the water extractresults from ionic impurities in the resin that adversely affect its use for electrical insulation. Electrical grade resins generally yieldconductivity values less than 6 S/cmg.14.3 Apparatus:14.3.1 A
28、-C Wheatstone Bridge, having a range up to 250 000 , a 100 6 50-Hz oscillator and a sensitive null point indicatorwith minimum accuracy of 6 2 %. 62 %.14.3.2 Dip Cell, having platinum electrodes and a cell constant of about 0.1 cm1, similar to the one shown in Fig. 1. The cellshall be prepared and c
29、alibrated in accordance with Test Method D495.14.3.3 Thermometer, equivalent to or better than ASTM Partial Immersion Thermometer, having a range from 20 to +150Cand conforming to the requirements for Thermometer 1C standard, in accordance with SpecificationsMethod E1E2251.14.3.4 Electric Hot Plate.
30、14.4 Reagents:14.4.1 High-Purity WaterWater having a conductivity not greater than 1.0 S/cm, prepared in accordance with Test MethodD2132.FIG. 1 Dip Cell for Electrical Conductivity TestD1755 154NOTE 5It is also possible to obtain a high-purity water by passing ordinary distilled water through a dua
31、l-bed ion exchange column packed with anappropriate resin.14.4.2 Isopropyl Alcohol, ACS reagent grade.14.5 Procedure:14.5.1 Place a resin sample weighing 2.00 6 0.01 g in a 250-mL Erlenmeyer flask that has previously been rinsed twice withboiling, high-purity water.Add 5.0 6 0.5 mL of isopropyl alco
32、hol to the sample, and swirl the mixture until the resin is uniformlywet. Add 1006 100 6 1 mL of boiling, high-purity water, set a watch glass on top of the flask, and boil gently for 5 min. Coolrapidly to 23 6 1C.Allow the resin to settle, and then place the dip cell in the flask so that the electr
33、odes are completely immersed,as shown in Fig. 2. Measure the resistance on the most sensitive scale of the bridge after 30-s immersion. Perform determinationsin duplicate.14.5.2 Between measurements, rinse the cell thoroughly in high-purity water and gently shake off any water clinging to thesurface
34、.14.5.3 BlankMake duplicate parallel determinations using 5 mL of isopropyl alcohol and 100 mL of high-purity water.14.5.4 CalculationCalculate the electrical conductivity of the extract solution as follows:Electrical conductivity,S/cmg5L/R2 2L/R3!/m# 310 6where:L = cell constant,R2 = resistance, ,
35、of extract solution,R3 = resistance, , of blank, andm = sample weight, g.14.6 ReportReport the average of duplicate determinations of electrical conductivity in S/cmg of sample.14.7 Precision and BiasThe precision of the test method, calculated by analysis of the round-robin data from four laborator
36、ies,is as follows:14.7.1 RepeatabilityCoefficient of variation (average of replicates) within a laboratory of 14.7 %.14.7.2 ReproducibilityCoefficient of variation (average of replicates) between laboratories of 17.2 %.15. Plasticizer Sorption15.1 ScopeTest Method D3367. This test method covers the
37、measurement of the amount of plasticizer that a resin can absorbat the standard laboratory temperature. Plasticizer sorption is one of the parameters for judging the dry blending properties of aresin. This test method is similar in many respects to that employed in Test Method D281.15.2 Apparatus:15
38、.2.1 Platform Scales or Balance, 0.01-g accuracy.15.2.2 Glass or Glazed Porcelain Plate, 254 by 254 by 6.4 mm (10 by 10 by 0.25 in.), minimum.FIG. 2 Dip Cell Immersed in FlaskD1755 15515.2.3 Spatula, with width and shape to fit mold cavity (see Fig. 3).15.2.4 Dropping Bottle, 60-mL capacity.15.2.5 M
39、old, aluminum or brass, as shown in Fig. 3.15.3 PlasticizerDi(2-ethylhexyl)-phthalate (DOP).15.4 ConditioningDetermine plasticizer sorption at the Standard Laboratory Temperature of 23 6 1C.15.5 ProcedureWeigh 5 6 0.01 g of resin and transfer it to the plate. Obtain the gross weight, to the nearest
40、0.01 g of thedropping bottle about half full of DOP. Begin adding the DOP to the resin in 1-mL increments, using the spatula for mixing aftereach. When 4 mL have been added, change the rate to two drops at a time, making consistency determinations until the end pointis reached. This is done by filli
41、ng the mold, as it rests on the plate, with the mixture and then sliding the spatula under the charge.Lift the charge above the mold cavity with the spatula horizontal, and then rotate the blade to a vertical position. The end pointis reached when the mixture first slides off the blade. At this poin
42、t, reweigh the dropping bottle and its contents. Make duplicatedeterminations.NOTE 5Return the mix portions used for consistency determinations to the main mix for each subsequent addition of plasticizer until the end pointis reached.15.6 CalculationCalculate the plasticizer sorption as follows:Plas
43、ticizer sorption,parts of DOP per 100parts of resin by weight5W0 2W1!320where:W 0 = original weight of dropping bottle and DOP, andW1 = final weight of dropping bottle and DOP.15.7 ReportReport the parts of DOP per 100 parts of resin by weight for the average of duplicate determinations.15.8 Precisi
44、on and BiasThe precision of the test method, calculated by analysis of round-robin data from six laboratories, isas follows:15.8.1 RepeatabilityCoefficient of variation (average of replicates) within a laboratory of 2.1 %.15.8.2 ReproducibilityCoefficient of variation (average of replicates) between
45、 laboratories of 5.0 %.16. Dry Flow16.1 Summary of Test MethodThe dry flow characteristics of powdered resins bear a complex relationship to particle shape,structure, and size distribution. One way of measuring the flow is by measuring the time for a prescribed volume of resin to flowthrough a stand
46、ard funnel. The funnel orifice must be large enough to permit continuous flow of dry resins without bridging. Thevolatile content of the resin shall be within 6 50 % of the average specified by the manufacturer (see Test Method D3030).NOTE 6Resins of abnormally high or abnormally low moisture conten
47、t will exhibit reduced nonuniform flow. It is possible that extremely dry resinswill develop static changes that will impede flow; damp resin will coalesce.16.2 SignificanceThe dry flow of a resin as determined by this test is particularly significant in conjunction with plasticizersorption for pred
48、icting the hopper feeding characteristics of dry blended resin-plasticizer compounds.16.3 Apparatus:16.3.1 Metal Funnel and CupSee the Apparatus Section in Test MethodsMethod D1895., method A.16.3.2 Stop Watch.Watch or an electric timer of comparable accuracy.16.4 ProcedurePut enoughTest Method D189
49、5resin in the funnel so as to fill the cup to overflowing. Allow the resin to runinto the cup. Level the resin in the cup. Close the small end of the funnel with the hand or a suitable flat strip of metal and pourthe resin from the cup into the funnel. Quickly open the bottom of the funnel and start the stop watch at the same instant. Timethe resin as it passes through the funnel. Repeat the procedure twice, using a different portion of resin for each determination. ,method A.16.4.1 Weight 140.0 6 0.5 gms of resin into
