1、Designation: D 709 01 (Reapproved 2007)An American National StandardStandard Specification forLaminated Thermosetting Materials1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 709; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revisi
2、on, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This specification c
3、overs laminated thermosetting mate-rials consisting of two or more plies or layers of reinforcingmaterial bonded by a thermosetting synthetic resin. Examplesof such reinforcement are cellulose paper, cotton fabric, glassfabric, and synthetic fiber fabrics. These materials are availablein the form of
4、 sheets, rolled and molded tubes, and moldedrods.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas the standard.NOTE 1This specification resembles IEC 60893-3 in title only. Thecontent is significantly different.1.3 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to thetest methods de
5、scribed in this specification. This standard doesnot purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any,associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of thisstandard to establish appropriate safety and health practicesand determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior
6、to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 229 Test Methods for Rigid Sheet and Plate MaterialsUsed for Electrical InsulationD 257 Test Methods for DC Resistance or Conductance ofInsulating MaterialsD 348 Test Methods for Rigid Tubes Used for ElectricalInsulationD 349 Test Methods for Lamin
7、ated Round Rods Used forElectrical InsulationD 495 Test Method for High-Voltage, Low-Current, DryArc Resistance of Solid Electrical InsulationD 621 Test Methods for Deformation of Plastics UnderLoad3D 668 Test Methods of Measuring Dimensions of RigidRods and Tubes Used for Electrical InsulationD 883
8、 Terminology Relating to PlasticsD 1180 Test Method for Bursting Strength of Round RigidPlastic Tubing3D 1711 Terminology Relating to Electrical InsulationD 2303 Test Methods for Liquid-Contaminant, Inclined-Plane Tracking and Erosion of Insulating MaterialsD 2304 Test Method for Thermal Endurance o
9、f Rigid Elec-trical Insulating MaterialsD 3636 Practice for Sampling and Judging Quality of SolidElectrical Insulating MaterialsD 6054 Practice for Conditioning Electrical Insulating Ma-terials for Testing2.2 IEEE Standards:41 General Principles for Temperature Limits in the Rating ofElectric Equipm
10、ent98 Guide for the Preparation of Test Procedures for theThermal Evaluation and Establishment of TemperatureIndices of Solid Electrical Insulating Materials99 Guide for the Preparation of Test Procedures for theThermal Evaluation of Insulation Systems for ElectricEquipment101 Guide for the Statisti
11、cal Analysis of Thermal Life TestData2.3 NEMA Standards:5LI 1-1971 Industrial Laminated Thermosetting ProductsLI 5-1969 Temperature Indices of Industrial ThermosettingLaminatesLI 3-1961 High-Temperature Properties of Industrial Ther-mosetting Laminates2.4 Military Specifications:61This specification
12、 is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D09 onElectrical and Electronic Insulating Materials and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D09.07 on Flexible and Rigid Insulating Materials.Current edition approved May 1, 2007. Published June 2007. Originallyapproved in 1943. Last previous edi
13、tion approved in 2001 as D 709 01.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Withdrawn.4Available from
14、Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE),445 Hoes Ln., P.O. Box 1331, Piscataway, NJ 08854-1331, http:/www.ieee.org.5Available from National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA), 1300N. 17th St., Suite 1752, Rosslyn, VA 22209, http:/www.nema.org.6Available from Standardi
15、zation Documents Order Desk, Bldg. 4 Section D, 700Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094 Attn: NPODS.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.MIL-P-997 Plastic Material, Laminated, Thermosetting,Electric Insulation, Sheets
16、, Glass Cloth, Silicone ResinMIL-P-15035 Plastic Sheet, Laminated, Thermosetting,Cotton-Fabric-Base, Phenolic-ResinMIL-P-15037 Plastic Sheet, Laminated, Thermosetting,Glass-Cloth, Melamine-ResinMIL-P-15047 Plastic Material, Laminated ThermosettingSheets, Nylon Fabric Base, Phenolic-ResinMIL-P-18177
17、Plastic Sheet, Laminated, Thermosetting,Glass Fibre Base, Epoxy-ResinMIL-P-22324 Plastic Sheet, Thermosetting, Paper-Base,Epoxy-Resin2.5 Federal Specifications:L-P-513 Plastic Sheet and Insulation Sheet, Electrical(Laminated, Thermosetting, Paper-Base, Phenolic-Resin)6L-P-509 Plastic Sheet, Rod and
18、Tube, Laminated Thermo-setting62.6 IEC Standard:Publication 60893-3 Specification for Industrial LaminatedSheets Based on Thermosetting Resins for ElectricalPurposes73. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of terms used in this speci-fication, refer to Terminologies D 883 or D 1711.4. Types and
19、 Grades4.1 Laminated materials covered by this specification areclassified in accordance with the types of reinforcement used intheir manufacture, and the electrical, mechanical, and heat-resisting characteristics of the finished products (Note 2).NOTE 2Further descriptive information regarding thes
20、e various typesand grades of laminated thermosetting materials is given in Table 1 andAppendix X1-Appendix X3. Appendix X3 also includes tables coveringengineering information on other properties of the various grades oflaminated thermosetting products that are not included in these specifica-tion r
21、equirements.5. Forms5.1 Laminated thermosetting materials are available in fourforms: sheets, tubes (Note 3), rods (Note 4), and molded shapes(Note 5), as indicated in Table 2. This specification covers thematerial in three forms: sheets, tubes of two classes (rolled andmolded), and molded rods. The
22、 classes of tubes desired shall bespecified by the purchaser in the contract or order. In caseswhere the purchaser desires a particular class of molded rod heshould so specify.NOTE 3Tubes are made of laminations of fibrous sheet impregnatedmaterial, rolled upon mandrels under tension or between heat
23、ed pressurerolls, or both. They are of two classes, rolled and molded. Rolled tubes areoven-baked after rolling on the mandrels. Molded tubes are cured in moldsunder heat and pressure.NOTE 4Molded rods are composed of laminations of impregnatedsheet material molded in cylindrical molds under heat an
24、d pressure, andthen ground to size. Molded rods are of two classes made by winding theimpregnated sheet convolutely before molding or by forming strips in themolding operation.Machined rods, manufactured from certain grades of sheet material, arenot covered by this specification. In rods machined fr
25、om sheets, thelaminations are parallel chords of a circular cross-section. In general, theproperties of these rods conform to those of the grade of sheet stock fromwhich they are cut. This type of rod may be low in flexural strength whenstress is applied perpendicular to the lamination.NOTE 5Molded
26、shapes are composed of impregnated sheet materialscut into various sizes and shapes to fit the contours of a mold, and moldedunder heat and pressure. In special cases some macerated material is usedin combination with impregnated sheet materials, depending upon thedesign of the piece. The requiremen
27、ts of this specification, particularlywith regard to mechanical properties, cannot be considered as applying tomolded shapes, except for rectangular and square tubes, since suchproperties will depend to a considerable extent upon the design of thepiece.6. General Requirements6.1 Materials and Workma
28、nshipLaminated material shallbe uniform in quality. It shall be free of blisters, wrinkles, orcracks and shall be reasonably free of other small defects suchas scratches, heat marks, etc., as defined in Terminology D 883.Tubes of any grade having wall thickness greater than12 in.(13 mm) and molded p
29、aper-base rods (Grades XX and XXX)having diameters greater than 1 in. (25 mm) may show checksor cracks between the laminations on machined or sawededges.6.2 Finish and Color Requirements for finish (Note 6)and color (Note 7) shall be as specified by the purchaser in thecontract or order.NOTE 6The va
30、rious forms and grades of laminated thermosettingmaterial are available in the finishes shown in Table 3.NOTE 7The various types and grades of laminated thermosettingmaterial are available in the colors shown in Table 4. Where MIL-Pspecifications are involved, natural color only shall be supplied.6.
31、3 Warp or Twist The warp or twist shall not exceed thevalues prescribed in Table 5.6.4 Punching PropertiesThe grades of material differ intheir suitability for punching, but thin pieces of any of thegrades may be punched in simple shapes, provided goodpunching practice is used, including sharp, clos
32、e-clearancedies, proper stripper plates, and proper heating conditions.When using good punching practice as outlined below, thevarious grades shall punch satisfactorily in thickness up to andincluding the maximum limits as prescribed in Table 6. Wherepunching properties better than those listed in T
33、able 6 arerequired for particular parts, this shall be subject to agreementbetween the purchaser and the manufacturer. In good punchingpractice the edges of the piece shall be no closer to the edge ofthe strip than twice the thickness of the sheet, the holes shall beno smaller in diameter than the t
34、hickness of the sheet nor havesquare corners, and the distance between the holes or betweenthe holes and the edge of the piece shall be no less than thethickness of the sheet. For thicker materials, depending uponthe grade, heating the material to a temperature of 120 to 140C (approximately 15 min f
35、or material18 in. (3 mm) inthickness) is generally necessary for best punching results,although in Grade XP or XPC this may make the material toosoft. In this case, better results may be obtained by heating atlower temperatures or for a shorter time. If more than 2 min7Available from American Nation
36、al Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.D 709 01 (2007)2elapse between the time the strip leaves the heating mediumand the last piece is punched, results will be poor.NOTE 8The punching properties of the cotton fabric-base grades andof the pape
37、r-base grades classed as punching stock are somewhat betterthan those of the other glass or nylon fabric-base grades.All grades can bepunched in thin thicknesses under suitable conditions.6.5 Machining PropertiesIn general, most of the gradescan be drilled, tapped, sawed, and machined. Grades X, XP,
38、XPC, A, G-7, and N-1 are not recommended for drilling andtapping parallel with laminations. Grades XXX, CE, and LEare best suited to these operations.7. Detail Requirements for Sheets7.1 Sheet material shall conform to the requirements forphysical and electrical properties prescribed in Tables 7-12.
39、7.2 Rate of Burning Tests shall be conducted on laminatesfrom132 to14 in. (0.8 to 6.4 mm) in thickness in accordancewith Method I of Test Methods D 229. The rate of burning shallTABLE 1 Types and Grades of Laminated Thermosetting MaterialsD 709GradeDesignationMIL-P and LP GradeDesignationADescriptio
40、nType ICellulose Paper-Base Phenolic Resin (Unless Noted)X . mechanicalXP . mechanical; hot-punching stockXPC . mechanical; cold-punching and cold-shearing stockXX L-P-513, Type PBG electrical and mechanicalXXP . electrical and mechanical; hot-punching stockXXX L-P-513, Type PBE electrical and high
41、humidityXXXP L-P-513, Type PBE-P electrical and high humidity; hot-punching stockXXXPC L-P-513, Type PBE-P punchable at lower temperature than Grade XXXPFR-1 . paper-base, flame-resistant, similar to Grade XPFR-2 . paper-base, flame-resistant, similar to Grade XXXPFR-3 MIL-P-22324, Type PEE flame-re
42、sistant, epoxy resin; electrical and mechanicalES-1 . mechanical; engraving stock usually melamine binderES-2 . mechanical; engraving stock usually melamine binderES-3 . mechanical; engraving stock usually melamine binderType IICellulose Fabric-Base Phenolic ResinC MIL-P-15035, Type FBM mechanicalCE
43、 MIL-P-15035, Type FBG mechanical and electricalL MIL-P-15035, Type FBI mechanical; fine machiningLE MIL-P-15035, Type FBE mechanical and electrical; fine machiningType IVGlass-BaseG-3 . continuous filament-type glass cloth; phenolic resin, general purposeG-5 . continuous filament-type glass cloth,
44、melamine binder; general purpose;good arc and flame resistanceG-7 MIL-P-997, Type GSG continuous filament-type glass cloth, silicone resin binder; good mechanicalstrength, heat and arc resistance; low dielectric losses and high insulationresistance under humid conditionsG-9 MIL-P-15037, Type GME con
45、tinuous filament-glass cloth, melamine binder. Superior to Grade G-5under wet conditions, good arc and flame resistanceG-10 MIL-P-18177, Type GEE continuous filament-type glass cloth, epoxy resin binder; high mechanicalstrength good insulation resistance, dielectric loss, and dielectric strengthunde
46、r dry and humid conditionsG-11 MIL-P-18177, Type GEB continuous filament-type glass cloth, heat-resistant epoxy binder; propertiessimilar to Grade G-10 but higher flexural strength retained at elevatedtemperaturesFR-4 MIL-P-18177, Type GEE continuous filament-glass cloth with a flame-resistant epoxy
47、 resin binder;properties similar to G-10FR-5 MIL-P-18177, Type GEB continuous filament-glass cloth with a heat- and flame-resistant epoxy resinbinder; properties similar to G11GPO-1, GPO-2, and GPO-3 Glass mat with polyester resin binder, for general purpose, flame resistanceand tracking resistanceG
48、PO-1P, GPO-2P, and GPO-3P Glass mat with polyester resin binder, for general purpose, flame resistanceand tracking resistanceType VNylon-BaseN-1 MIL-P-15047, Type NPG nylon cloth-base, phenolic resin binder; excellent electrical properties underhigh humidity; good impactType VIComposite-Base Laminat
49、esCEM-1 . cellulose paper core, glass surfaces, flame-resistant resin (see X1.28)CEM-3 . non-woven glass core, glass surfaces, flame-resistant resin (see X1.29)AThe MIL-P and LP-513 designations apply only to sheet materials. LP-509 applies to sheet and tube material. Revisions of this specification are designated by suffixletters added to the MIL-P or LP Specification number, A for the first revision, B for the second, etc. Reference should accordingly be made to the latest edition of thespecification.D 709 01 (2007)3be Class I for Grades FR-1, FR-2 and
