1、Designation: D975 16D975 16aStandard Specification forDiesel Fuel Oils1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D975; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses ind
2、icates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers seven grades of diesel fuel oils suitable for v
3、arious types of diesel engines. These grades aredescribed as follows:1.1.1 Grade No. 1-D S15A special-purpose, light middle distillate fuel for use in diesel engine applications requiring a fuelwith 15 ppm sulfur (maximum) and higher volatility than that provided by Grade No. 2-D S15 fuel.21.1.2 Gra
4、de No. 1-D S500A special-purpose, light middle distillate fuel for use in diesel engine applications requiring a fuelwith 500 ppm sulfur (maximum) and higher volatility than that provided by Grade No. 2-D S500 fuel.21.1.3 Grade No. 1-D S5000Aspecial-purpose, light middle distillate fuel for use in d
5、iesel engine applications requiring a fuelwith 5000 ppm sulfur (maximum) and higher volatility than that provided by Grade No. 2-D S5000 fuels.1.1.4 Grade No. 2-D S15A general purpose, middle distillate fuel for use in diesel engine applications requiring a fuel with15 ppm sulfur (maximum). It is es
6、pecially suitable for use in applications with conditions of varying speed and load.21.1.5 Grade No. 2-D S500A general-purpose, middle distillate fuel for use in diesel engine applications requiring a fuel with500 ppm sulfur (maximum). It is especially suitable for use in applications with condition
7、s of varying speed and load.21.1.6 Grade No. 2-D S5000Ageneral-purpose, middle distillate fuel for use in diesel engine applications requiring a fuel with5000 ppm sulfur (maximum), especially in conditions of varying speed and load.1.1.7 Grade No. 4-DA heavy distillate fuel, or a blend of distillate
8、 and residual oil, for use in low- and medium-speed dieselengines in applications involving predominantly constant speed and load.NOTE 1A more detailed description of the grades of diesel fuel oils is given in X1.2.NOTE 2The Sxxx designation has been adopted to distinguish grades by sulfur rather th
9、an using words such as “Low Sulfur” as previously becausethe number of sulfur grades is growing and the word descriptions were thought to be not precise. S5000 grades correspond to the so-called “regular” sulfurgrades, the previous No. 1-D and No. 2-D. S500 grades correspond to the previous “Low Sul
10、fur” grades. S15 grades were not in the previous grade systemand are commonly referred to as “Ultra-Low Sulfur” grades or ULSD.1.2 This specification, unless otherwise provided by agreement between the purchaser and the supplier, prescribes the requiredproperties of diesel fuels at the time and plac
11、e of delivery.1.2.1 Nothing in this specification shall preclude observance of federal, state, or local regulations which can be more restrictive.NOTE 3The generation and dissipation of static electricity can create problems in the handling of distillate diesel fuel oils. For more information onthe
12、subject, see Guide D4865.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3D56 Test Method for Flash Point by Tag Closed Cup TesterD86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Prod
13、ucts and Liquid Fuels at Atmospheric PressureD93 Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-Martens Closed Cup TesterD129 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products (General High Pressure Decomposition Device Method)1 This specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Produ
14、cts, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeD02.E0 on Burner, Diesel, Non-Aviation Gas Turbine, and Marine Fuels.Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2016Oct. 1, 2016. Published September 2016November 2016. Originally approved in 1948. Last previous edition approve
15、d in 20152016as D975 15c.D975 16. DOI: 10.1520/D0975-16.10.1520/D0975-16A.2 This fuel complies with 40 CFR Part 80Control of Air Pollution from New Motor Vehicles: HeavyDuty Engines and Vehicle Standards and Highway Diesel FuelSulfur Control Requirements: Final Rule. Regulation of Fuels and Fuel Add
16、itives: Fuel Quality Regulations for Highway Diesel Fuel Sold in 1993 and Later Calendar Years.3 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document
17、 Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recom
18、mends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C70
19、0, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1D130 Test Method for Corrosiveness to Copper from Petroleum Products by Copper Strip TestD445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent and Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscosity)D482 Test Method for Ash from Petroleum Product
20、sD524 Test Method for Ramsbottom Carbon Residue of Petroleum ProductsD613 Test Method for Cetane Number of Diesel Fuel OilD1266 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products (Lamp Method)D1319 Test Method for Hydrocarbon Types in Liquid Petroleum Products by Fluorescent Indicator AdsorptionD1552 Test
21、 Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products by High Temperature Combustion and Infrared (IR) Detection or ThermalConducitivity Detection (TCD)D1796 Test Method for Water and Sediment in Fuel Oils by the Centrifuge Method (Laboratory Procedure)D2274 Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Distillate Fuel
22、 Oil (Accelerated Method)D2500 Test Method for Cloud Point of Petroleum Products and Liquid FuelsD2622 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products by Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence SpectrometryD2624 Test Methods for Electrical Conductivity of Aviation and Distillate FuelsD2709 Test Method
23、 for Water and Sediment in Middle Distillate Fuels by CentrifugeD2880 Specification for Gas Turbine Fuel OilsD2887 Test Method for Boiling Range Distribution of Petroleum Fractions by Gas ChromatographyD3117 Test Method for Wax Appearance Point of Distillate Fuels (Withdrawn 2010)4D3120 Test Method
24、for Trace Quantities of Sulfur in Light Liquid Petroleum Hydrocarbons by Oxidative MicrocoulometryD3828 Test Methods for Flash Point by Small Scale Closed Cup TesterD4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum ProductsD4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum
25、ProductsD4294 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum and Petroleum Products by Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence SpectrometryD4306 Practice for Aviation Fuel Sample Containers for Tests Affected by Trace ContaminationD4308 Test Method for Electrical Conductivity of Liquid Hydrocarbons by Precision M
26、eterD4539 Test Method for Filterability of Diesel Fuels by Low-Temperature Flow Test (LTFT)D4737 Test Method for Calculated Cetane Index by Four Variable EquationD4865 Guide for Generation and Dissipation of Static Electricity in Petroleum Fuel SystemsD5304 Test Method for Assessing Middle Distillat
27、e Fuel Storage Stability by Oxygen OverpressureD5453 Test Method for Determination of Total Sulfur in Light Hydrocarbons, Spark Ignition Engine Fuel, Diesel Engine Fuel,and Engine Oil by Ultraviolet FluorescenceD5771 Test Method for Cloud Point of Petroleum Products (Optical Detection Stepped Coolin
28、g Method)D5772 Test Method for Cloud Point of Petroleum Products (Linear Cooling Rate Method)D5773 Test Method for Cloud Point of Petroleum Products (Constant Cooling Rate Method)D5842 Practice for Sampling and Handling of Fuels for Volatility MeasurementD5854 Practice for Mixing and Handling of Liq
29、uid Samples of Petroleum and Petroleum ProductsD6078 Test Method for Evaluating Lubricity of Diesel Fuels by the Scuffing Load Ball-on-Cylinder Lubricity Evaluator(SLBOCLE)D6079 Test Method for Evaluating Lubricity of Diesel Fuels by the High-Frequency Reciprocating Rig (HFRR)D6217 Test Method for P
30、articulate Contamination in Middle Distillate Fuels by Laboratory FiltrationD6304 Test Method for Determination of Water in Petroleum Products, Lubricating Oils, and Additives by Coulometric KarlFischer TitrationD6371 Test Method for Cold Filter Plugging Point of Diesel and Heating FuelsD6468 Test M
31、ethod for High Temperature Stability of Middle Distillate FuelsD6469 Guide for Microbial Contamination in Fuels and Fuel SystemsD6751 Specification for Biodiesel Fuel Blend Stock (B100) for Middle Distillate FuelsD6890 Test Method for Determination of Ignition Delay and Derived Cetane Number (DCN) o
32、f Diesel Fuel Oils by Combustionin a Constant Volume ChamberD6898 Test Method for Evaluating Diesel Fuel Lubricity by an Injection Pump RigD7039 Test Method for Sulfur in Gasoline, Diesel Fuel, Jet Fuel, Kerosine, Biodiesel, Biodiesel Blends, and Gasoline-EthanolBlends by Monochromatic Wavelength Di
33、spersive X-ray Fluorescence SpectrometryD7042 Test Method for Dynamic Viscosity and Density of Liquids by Stabinger Viscometer (and the Calculation of KinematicViscosity)D7094 Test Method for Flash Point by Modified Continuously Closed Cup (MCCCFP) TesterD7170 Test Method for Determination of Derive
34、d Cetane Number (DCN) of Diesel Fuel OilsFixed Range Injection Period,Constant Volume Combustion Chamber Method4 The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.D975 16a2D7220 Test Method for Sulfur inAutomotive, Heating, and Jet Fuels by Monochromatic Energy Disp
35、ersive X-ray FluorescenceSpectrometryD7345 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products and Liquid Fuels at Atmospheric Pressure (Micro DistillationMethod)D7371 Test Method for Determination of Biodiesel (Fatty Acid Methyl Esters) Content in Diesel Fuel Oil Using Mid InfraredSpectroscopy (FTIR
36、-ATR-PLS Method)D7467 Specification for Diesel Fuel Oil, Biodiesel Blend (B6 to B20)D7545 Test Method for Oxidation Stability of Middle Distillate FuelsRapid Small Scale Oxidation Test (RSSOT)D7619 Test Method for Sizing and Counting Particles in Light and Middle Distillate Fuels, by Automatic Parti
37、cle CounterD7668 Test Method for Determination of Derived Cetane Number (DCN) of Diesel Fuel OilsIgnition Delay and CombustionDelay Using a Constant Volume Combustion Chamber MethodD7688 Test Method for Evaluating Lubricity of Diesel Fuels by the High-Frequency Reciprocating Rig (HFRR) by VisualObse
38、rvationD7689 Test Method for Cloud Point of Petroleum Products (Mini Method)D7861 Test Method for Determination of FattyAcid Methyl Esters (FAME) in Diesel Fuel by Linear Variable Filter (LVF)ArrayBased Mid-Infrared SpectroscopyE29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conf
39、ormance with SpecificationsE1064 Test Method for Water in Organic Liquids by Coulometric Karl Fischer Titration2.2 Other Documents:26 CFR Part 48 Manufacturers and Realtors Excise Taxes540 CFR Part 80 Regulation of Fuels and Fuel Additives5API RP 2003 Protection Against Ignitions Arising Out of Stat
40、ic, Lightning, and Stray Currents6EN 14078 Liquid petroleum productsDetermination of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) in middle distillatesInfraredspectroscopy method7EN 15751 Automotive fuels - Fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) fuel and blends with diesel fuel - Determination of oxidationstability by a
41、ccelerated oxidation method7ISO 4406 Hydraulic Fluid PowerFluidsMethod for Coding the Level of Contamination by Solid Particles6ISO 16889 Hydraulic Fluid PowerFiltersMulti-pass Method for Evaluating Filtration Performance of a Filter Element3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 additive, nin fuel oils
42、, a substance added to fuel oil at a blend level not greater than 1 % by volume of the finished fuel.3.1.1.1 DiscussionAdditives are generally included in finished fuel oil to enhance performance properties (for example, cetane number, lubricity, coldflow, etc.).3.1.1.2 DiscussionAdditives that cont
43、ain hydrocarbon oil blended with other substances may exclude the hydrocarbon oil portion for determinationof the volume percent of the additive in the finished fuel.3.1.2 alternative blendstock, nin fuel oils, a non-hydrocarbon oil substance added to fuel oil at blend levels greater than 1 %by volu
44、me of the finished fuel.3.1.2.1 DiscussionAn alternative blendstock should normally have an industry consensus standard or an annex in this specification that defines itsphysical and chemical properties.3.1.2.2 DiscussionSee Appendix X7 for guidance regarding new materials for #1-D and #2-D grades o
45、f diesel fuels.5 Available from U.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, 732 N. Capitol St., NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401.6 Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.7 Available from
46、 the National CEN members listed on the CEN website (www.cenorm.be) or from the CEN/TC 19 Secretariat (astm.nen.nl).D975 16a33.1.3 biodiesel, nfuel comprised of mono-alkyl esters of long chain fatty acids derived from vegetable oils or animal fats,designated B100.3.1.4 biodiesel blend (BXX), nblend
47、of biodiesel fuel with diesel fuel oils.3.1.4.1 DiscussionIn the abbreviation, BXX, the XX represents the volume percentage of biodiesel fuel in the blend.3.1.5 hydrocarbon oil, na homogeneous mixture with elemental composition primarily of carbon and hydrogen that may alsocontain sulfur, oxygen, or
48、 nitrogen from residual impurities and contaminants associated with the fuels raw materials andmanufacturing processes and excluding added oxygenated materials.3.1.5.1 DiscussionNeither macro nor micro emulsions are included in this definition since neither are homogeneous mixtures.3.1.5.2 Discussio
49、nExamples of excluded oxygenated materials are alcohols, esters, ethers, and triglycerides.3.1.5.3 DiscussionThe hydrocarbon oil may be manufactured from a variety of raw materials, for example petroleum (crude oil), oil sands, naturalgas, coal, and biomass. Appendix X7 discusses some matters for consideration regarding the use of diesel fuels from feedstocksother than petroleum.3.1.6 switch loading, nof liquid fuels, the practice of loading low vapor pressure product (for example, diesel fuel) into anempty or near-empty fixed or portable
