1、Designation: D3953 07a D3953 12Standard Specification forStrapping, Flat Steel and Seals1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3953; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number
2、 in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers flat steel strapping and seals int
3、ended for use in closing, reinforcing, bundling articles for shipment,unitizing, palletizing, and bracing for carloading, truckloading, lifting, and lashing.1.2 This specification includes strapping and seals made from carbon steel and applies only to the types and sizes as catalogedby strapping sup
4、pliers to be a standard, commercially available product. It does not include “specialty”-type strapping as developedfor special applications or strapping produced from alloy metals.1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard.1.4 The following safety hazards caveat applie
5、s only to the test method portion, Sections 11, 12, and 13, of thisspecification:This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determ
6、ine the applicability ofregulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A90/A90M Test Method for Weight Mass of Coating on Iron and Steel Articles with Zinc or Zinc-Alloy CoatingsA109/A109M Specification for Steel, Strip, Carbon (0.25 Maximum Percent), Cold-RolledA239
7、Practice for Locating the Thinnest Spot in a Zinc (Galvanized) Coating on Iron or Steel Articles,B504 Test Method for Measurement of Thickness of Metallic Coatings by the Coulometric MethodD996 Terminology of Packaging and Distribution EnvironmentsD3951 Practice for Commercial PackagingD4332 Practic
8、e for Conditioning Containers, Packages, or Packaging Components for TestingD4675 Guide for Selection and Use of Flat Strapping MaterialsD6039/D6039M Specification for Open and Covered Wood CratesD6880 Specification for Wood BoxesE177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in ASTM Test Met
9、hodsE691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method2.2 Military Standard:3MIL-STD-105 Sampling Procedures and Tables for Inspection by Attributes2.3 AAR Rules:4AAR Open Top Loading Rules Manual, Section No. 1, General Rules for Loading All Commoditie
10、s, Part 2, Rule 17 and SectionNo. 7, Rules for Loading All Commodities on Open Top Trailers and Containers for Rail Transport, Part 2, Rule 1173. Terminology3.1 General definitions for packaging and distribution environments are found in Terminology D996.4. Strapping Classifications4.1 Strapping sha
11、ll be of the following types, finish and sizes:Type 1, Flat Strapping: Power Machine and Hand Application:Regular-dutyRegular-duty high-strengthHeavy-dutyUSLM (Unit Strap Lifting Method) (See Note 1.)Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959.
12、United States1NOTE 1For USLM applications, refer to manufacturers standard practice.Type 2: Nail-On4.1.1 Strapping Finish, Lubricated or Dry (see 8.3):4.1.1.1 Finish AOrganic (Pigmented or Unpigmented Paint)4.1.1.2 Finish BGalvanized (Hot Dipped or Electro-Deposit Galvanized) (see 8.10):Grade 1Heavy
13、 CoatingGrade 2Moderate CoatingGrade 3Commercial Coating4.1.1.3 Finish COrganic Painted Metallic Filled (Aluminum or Zinc)4.1.1.4 Finish DUncoated4.1.2 Strapping Sizes Strapping shall have the widths and thicknesses in accordance with sizes shown in Table 1, Table 2,Table 3, and Table 4.5. Seal Clas
14、sifications5.1 Seals shall be of the following classes, finishes, types, and styles:5.1.1 Seal Classes:RRegular dutyHHeavy duty5.1.2 Seal Finishes:Finish AOrganic (painted)Finish BGalvanized (hot dipped or electro-deposit galvanized)Grade 1Heavy coatingGrade 2Moderate coatingGrade 3Manufacturers sta
15、ndard commercial practiceFinish COrganic Painted Metallic Filled (Aluminum or Zinc)Finish DUncoated5.1.3 Seal Styles:ISnap-on or openIIThread-on or closedIIIPush-type or overlapIVMagazine-feedVIntersectional or cross-tie5.2 Seal SizesSeals shall have widths in accordance with strapping width shown i
16、n Table 1, Table 2, Table 3, and Table 4.1 This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D10 on Packaging and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D10.25 on Palletizing and Unitizingof Loads.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2007Nov. 1, 2012. PublishedOctober 2007November 201
17、2. Originally approved in 1983. Last previous edition approved in 2007 asD3953 07.D3953 07a. DOI: 10.1520/D3953-07A.10.1520/D3953-12.2 For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume inf
18、ormation, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.3 Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, Bldg. 4 Section D, 700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, Attn: NPODS.4 Available from the Association of American Railroads (AAR), Safety and Operations, 50 F St
19、., NW, Washington, DC 200011564.TABLE 1 Type 1 Regular-Duty Strapping Widths, Thickness, and Breaking StrengthsWidth, in.(mm) 0.015 (0.38) 0.018 (0.46) 0.020 (0.51) 0.023 (0.58) 0.028 (0.71) 0.035 (0.89)38 450 540 600 690 . .38 450 540 600 690(9.52) (2000) (2400) (2670) (3070)12 600 720 800 920 . .1
20、2 600 720 800 920(12.70) (2670) (3200) (3560) (4090)58 750 900 1000 1150 . .58 750 900 1000 1150(15.87) (3335) (4000) (4450) (5115)34 900 . 1200 1380 1680 210034 900 1200 1380 1680 2100(19.05) (4000) (5340) (6140) (7470) (9340)D3953 1226. Ordering Information6.1 The inquiry and order shall indicate
21、the following:6.1.1 Strapping type, duty, finish, grade, lubrication (when applicable), dimension required, and quantity of each size (seeSection 4).TABLE 2 Type 1 Regular Duty High-Strength Strapping Widths, Thickness and Break StrengthsWidth, in.(mm)Thickness, in. (mm)0.016 (0.41) 0.017 (0.43) 0.0
22、18 (0.46) 0.020 (0.51) 0.023 (0.58) 0.025 (0.64) 0.031 (0.79) 0.035 (0.89)Breaking Strength, min, lbf (N)38 . 640 . 750 . . . .38 640 750(9.52) (2849) (3366)12 800 850 900 1000 1150 . . .12 800 850 900 1000 1150(12.70) (3559) (3781) (4003) (4448) (5115)58 1000 1050 1125 1250 1440 . . .58 1000 1050 1
23、125 1250 1440(15.87) (4448) (4671) (5004) (5560) (6405)34 1200 1275 1350 1500 1725 1875 2325 .34 1200 1275 1350 1500 1725 1875 2325(19.05) (5339) (5671) (6005) (6672) (7673) (8340) (10342)114 . . . . . 3125 3875 4375114 3125 3875 4375(31.75) (13901) (17237) (19461)TABLE 3 Type 1 Heavy-Duty Strapping
24、 Widths, Thickness, and Breaking StrengthsWidth,in. (mm)Thickness, in. (mm)0.020 (0.51) 0.022 (0.56) 0.023 (0.58) 0.025 (0.64) 0.028 (0.71) 0.029 (0.75) 0.031 (0.79) 0.035 (0.89) 0.040 (1.02) 0.044 (1.12) 0.050 (1.27)Breaking Strength, min, lbf (N)12 1 280 . 1 470 . . . 1 950 . . .12 1 280 1 470 1 9
25、50(12.70) (5 690) (6 540) (8 675)58 1 600 . 1 840 . . . . . . .58 1 600 1 840(15.87) (7 120) (8 185)34 2 000 2 280 2 280 2 280 2 280 2 850 2 850 2 850 4 050(19.05) (8 896) (10 140) (10140) (10 140) (10 140) (12 675) (12 675) (12 675) (18 015)1 . . . . 3 700 3 700 . . . .1 3 700 3 700(25.4) (16 455)
26、(16 455)114 3 200 . . 3 680 . 4 750 4 750 4 750A 6 750 6 750114 3 200 3 680 4 750 4 750 4 750A 6 135 6 750 6 750(31.75) (14 240) (16 370) (21 130) (21 130) (21 130) (27.295) (30 025) (30 025)2 . . . . . . . . 10 600 10 6002 10 600 10 600(50.80) (47 150) (47 150)A Heavy-duty, or heavy-duty/high elong
27、ation.TABLE 4 Type 1 Extra-Heavy-Duty (USLM) Strapping Widths,Thickness, Breaking Strengths, and Minimum Seal JointStrengthsWidth,in. (mm)Thickness,in. (mm)Min. BreakStrength, lb (N)Min. Seal JointStrength, lb (N)114 (31.75) 0.044 (1.12) 8500 (37 800) 7650 (34 000)114 (31.75) 0.050 (1.27) 9700 (43 1
28、50) 8730 (38 800)114 (31.75) 0.057 (1.45) 11 000 (48 430) 9900 (44 000)D3953 1236.1.2 Coil of strapping dimensions, weight and feet per pound, oscillated, ribbon wound, or cut-to-length (see Section 9, Table5 and Table 6, and Fig. 1 and Fig. 2).6.1.3 Seals (see Section 5) class, finish, grade (when
29、applicable), type, style, and quantity by width (or nomenclature).6.1.4 Make or model of strapping equipment that the strapping and seals must work in, if applicable.6.1.5 Title, designation, and date of this specification.6.1.6 For Department of Defense, indicate selection of preservation, packing,
30、 marking, and palletization, if applicable (seeSection 16).6.2 Sizes or physical properties, or both, other than those covered by this specification shall be as specified in the contract ororder.7. Materials and Manufacture7.1 Materials shall be cold-rolled carbon steel of the quality normally used
31、for this purpose in commercial practice, and thephysical mechanical property requirements, as determined by tests, shall be within the allowable limits.7.1.1 Type 1 Regular-Duty Strapping Regular-duty strapping in Table 1 shall be low-carbon cold-rolled steel (see 6.1.1).7.1.2 Type 1 Regular-Duty Hi
32、gh-Strength StrappingRegular-duty high strength strapping in Table 2 shall be low to mediumcarbon cold-rolled steel.7.1.3 Type 1 Heavy-Duty Strapping Heavy-duty strapping in Table 3 shall be cold-rolled, high carbon, or medium carbonhigh-manganese steel which has been fully heat-treated; for example
33、, austenitized and quenched.7.1.4 Type I USLM StrappingUSLM strapping in Table 4 shall be cold-rolled, high-carbon steel that has been fullyheat-treated, austenized, and quenched.7.1.5 Type 2 Nail-On StrappingUnless otherwise specified, Type 2 nail-on strapping shall be strapping made from Type 1reg
34、ular-duty, regular-duty high-strength or Type 1 heavy-duty strapping, available in sizes 58 in. (15.87 mm) in width or greaterwith punched nail holes. Hole diameters and hole spacing can vary depending upon strap size and duty, which shall be inaccordance with manufacturers standard practice. Howeve
35、r, nail holes shall be spaced at intervals no more than 3 in. (76 mm)apart.7.1.6 Seals for Type 1 Strapping Unless otherwise specified, seals for Type 1 strapping shall be made of steel in accordancewith the manufacturers commercial practice.8. Physical and Mechanical Properties8.1 Breaking Strength
36、 and Elongation, Type 1 Regular-Duty, Regular-Duty High-Strength, Heavy-Duty, and USLM Strapping:TABLE 5 Number of Feet Per Pound (Metres per Kilogram) of Type 1 StrappingANOTE 1Number of feet per pound (metres per kilogram) is based on nominal dimensions and will vary slightly with the width and th
37、ickness of thestrapping within the tolerances as described in 8.2.Width, in.(mm)Thickness, in. (mm)0.010 0.012 0.015 0.018 0.020 0.022 0.023 0.025 0.028 0.029 0.031 0.035 0.040 0.044 0.050(0.25) (0.311) (0.38) (0.46) (0.51) (0.56) (0.58) (0.64) (0.71) (0.75) (0.79) (0.89) (1.02) (1.12) (1.27)Length
38、per Unit Mass, ft/lb (m/kg), approximate38 78.5 65.4 52.4 43.6 39.3 34.1(9.52) (52.7) (43.9) (35.2) (29.3) (26.4) (22.9)12 58.9 49.1 39.3 32.7 29.4 25.6 19.0(12.70) (39.6) (33.0) (26.4) (22.0) (19.7) (17.2) (12.7)58 47.1 39.3 31.4 26.2 23.6 20.5(15.87) (31.6) (26.4) (21.1) (17.6) (15.8) (13.7)34 26.
39、2 19.6 17.8 17.1 15.7 14.0 13.5 12.7 11.2(19.05) (17.6) (13.1) (11.9) (11.5) (10.5) (9.4) (8.95) (8.5) (7.5)1 10.1 9.5(25.4) (6.7) (6.3)114 11.8 9.4 8.1 7.6 6.6 5.9 5.3 4.7(31.75) (7.9) (6.3) (5.5) (5.1) (4.4) (4.0) (3.5) (3.1)2 3.3 2.9(50.80) (2.2) (1.9)A Commercial tolerances apply.D3953 1248.1.1
40、Breaking StrengthThe breaking strength of the strapping shall be as shown in Table 1, Table 2, Table 3, and Table 4when tested as specified in 13.3.8.1.2 ElongationThe elongation in 6 in. (152 mm) for Type 1 strapping, when tested as specified in 13.4, shall be as follows:Regular-duty (see 7.1.1) 0.
41、5 to 4.0 %Regular-duty high-strength (see 7.1.2) 0.5 to 8.0 %Heavy-duty (see 7.1.3)Thickness less than 0.031 in. (0.79 mm) 5.0 to 12 %Thickness 0.031 in. (0.79 mm) and greater 6.5 to 12 %USLM Strapping (see 7.1.4) 6.0 to 12 %8.2 Tolerances, Type 1 Strapping, WidthsThe widths of the strapping shall n
42、ot vary from that shown in Table 1, Table 2, andTable 3 by more than 60.005 in. (0.13 mm) for all cold-rolled strapping.8.2.1 Type 1 Strapping, Thickness The thickness of strapping sizes listed in Table 1, Table 2, and Table 3 shall not vary fromnominal thickness by more than +0.002 in. (0.05 mm), 0
43、.002 (0.05 mm) thickness, thickness of strapping sizes listed in Table4 (USLM strapping) shall not vary by more than +0.004 in. (0.10 mm) and 0.000 in. (0.00 mm).8.3 Lubrication Unless otherwise specified, Type 1 strapping shall have a coating of wax or wax-like lubricant applied to thesurfaces that
44、 will render the strapping suitable for application with tension tools of the feed wheel (friction) type (see 4.1.2 and6.1.4). The lubrication of the strapping is intended to facilitate the use of strapping tools in which the two bands of the strappingare held in contact with each other under pressu
45、re by frictional grips, and sliding of the faces of the strapping is necessary duringthe tensioning operation. Test in accordance with 13.9.8.4 Type 1 Strapping, CoilsEach coil shall consist of one continuous piece of strapping. Coils with lengths of strapping weldedtogether shall be considered as o
46、ne-piece coil.8.4.1 Dimensional Requirements at the WeldThe thickness at the weld shall be no more than one and one half the thicknessof the strap. The width of strapping at the weld shall be subject to the same dimensional requirements as the remainder of thestrapping and must be straight with no o
47、ffsets or angular alignment Metal splattering or extruded points causing increasedthickness are not permissible. Only machine welds shall be acceptable.TABLE 6 Size of Coils and PackageType Coils Size of Strapping,in. (mm)Inside Diameter,in (mm)(CommercialTolerance)OutsideDiameter,max,in. (mm)Coils
48、PerPackage,maxCoil FaceWidthCoilWeightOscillated 38 by 0.015(9.52 by 0.38)through 16 (406) 2312 (597) 134 by 0.035(19.05 by 0.89)Ribbon 34 by 0.022(19.05 by 0.56)through 16 (406) 27 (686) 134 by 0.035(19.05 by 0.89)Ribbon 1 by 0.029(25.4 by 0.75)through 16 (406) 27 (686) 11 by 0.031(25.4 by 0.79)114
49、 by 0.020(31.75 by 0.51)through 16 (406) 27 (686) 1114 by 0.057(31.75 by 1.45)2 by 0.044(50.80 by 1.12)through 16 (406) 2578 (657) 12 by 0.050(50.80 by 1.27)Jumbos 38 by 0.015 (9.52 by0.38)16 (406) inaccordancewith1 3 in. to 16in.350 lb. to4000 lb.through manufacturers1 14 by 0.044 (31.75by 1.12)commercialpracticeD3953 1258.4.2 Weld Effciency Strength of manufacturers process welded joints in coils of strapping shall have a joint efficiency ofnot less than 75 % based on the breaki
