1、Designation: D 4209 07Standard Practice forDetermining Volatile and Nonvolatile Content of Cellulosics,Emulsions, Resin Solutions, Shellac, and Varnishes1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 4209; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoptio
2、n or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This practice is intended to serve as a guide to theselection of the prop
3、er ASTM test method for determining thevolatile and nonvolatile content of cellulosics, emulsions, resinsolutions, shellac, and varnishes.NOTE 1Standards for determining the composition of the volatilefraction are not covered by this practice.1.2 The standards referenced in the practice are as follo
4、ws:Classification Section ASTM StandardCellulosics 5.1 D 871D 914D 1347Emulsions 5.2 D 2369Resin Solutions 5.3 D 1259D 1490Shellac 5.4 D 29D 1650Varnishes 5.5 D 115D 16441.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.2. Re
5、ferenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D16 Terminology for Paint, Related Coatings, Materials,and ApplicationsD29 Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Lac Resins3D115 Test Methods for Testing Solvent Containing Var-nishes Used for Electrical InsulationD 360 Specification for Shellac VarnishesD 871 T
6、est Methods of Testing Cellulose AcetateD 914 Test Methods for EthylcelluloseD 1259 Test Methods for Nonvolatile Content of ResinSolutionsD 1347 Test Methods for Methylcellulose3D 1490 Test Method for Nonvolatile Content of Urea-Formaldehyde Resin SolutionsD 1644 Test Methods for Nonvolatile Content
7、 of VarnishesD 1650 Test Method for Sampling and Testing ShellacVarnish3D 2369 Test Method for Volatile Content of CoatingsD 4758 Test Method for Nonvolatile Content of Latexes33. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsThe definitions contained in TerminologyD16are applicable to this practice.3.1.1 cellulose est
8、er, nderivatives of cellulose in whichone or more of the hydroxyl hydrogens have been replaced byacyl groups.3.1.2 cellulose ether, nderivatives of cellulose in whichone or more of the hydroxyl hydrogens have been replaced byalkyl groups.3.1.3 cellulose nitrate (nitrocellulose), nderivatives ofcellu
9、lose in which one or more of the hydroxyl hydrogens havebeen replaced by nitrate groups.3.1.4 emulsion vehicle, nan emulsion of binder in water.The binder may be oil, oleoresinous varnish, resin, or otheremulsifiable liquid.3.1.5 latex, na stable aqueous dispersion of syntheticresin, produced by emu
10、lsion polymerization, as the principalconstituent of the binder.3.1.6 shellac varnish, na solution or “cut” of a specifiedtype and grade of dry lac resin in a suitable alcohol.3.1.7 varnish, na liquid composition that is converted byoxidation or thermal cross-linking to a transparent or translu-cent
11、 solid film after application as a thin layer.4. Significance and Use4.1 The nonvolatile content of raw materials may be used todetermine the total nonvolatile content (solids) of paint andrelated coatings. Such information may be useful to coatingsproducers and users for the determination of the to
12、tal solidsavailable for film formation and for the estimation of thevolatile organic content.1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint andRelated Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D01.21 on Chemical Analysis of Paints
13、and Paint Materials.Current edition approved July 1, 2007. Published August 2007. Originallyapproved in 1982. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as D 4209 - 82 (2002).2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Ann
14、ual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Withdrawn.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United State
15、s.5. Procedure5.1 Cellulosics:5.1.1 Test Methods D 1644, Method A, should be used fordetermining the amount of alcohol present in nitrocelluloseshipments. This method may also be used for other cellulosederivatives if mutually agreed upon by producer and user.5.1.2 Moisture in three different cellul
16、ose derivatives maybe determined using test methods given in the followingstandards:Cellulose Derivative ASTM Standard SectionCellulose acetate D 871 34Ethylcellulose D 914 46Methylcellulose D 1347 345.2 Emulsions and Latices:5.2.1 Test Method D 2369, Procedure B may be used todetermine the nonvolat
17、ile and volatile content of most emul-sions. Important considerations are the presence of volatileplasticizers and surfactants and the presence of oxidizablecomponents in oleoresinous vehicles and drying oil modifiedalkyds.5.2.2 Test Method D 4758 should be used to determine thenonvolatile and volat
18、ile content of synthetic latex samples.5.3 Resin Solutions:5.3.1 Test Methods D 1259, Method A is recommended forsolutions of non-heat reactive resins that remain stable andrelease solvents under the test conditions. Examples includealkyds and rosin esters.5.3.2 Test Methods D 1259, Method B is reco
19、mmended forsolutions of heat reactive resins that undergo condensation orother reactions or both under the influence of heat. Examplesinclude the formaldehyde reaction products of urea, melamine,and phenols. Method B is also recommended for resin solu-tions that release solvent slowly, for example,
20、epoxy resin andvinyl resin solutions when these contain high boiling solvents.5.3.3 Method A and Method B of Test Methods D 1259differ primarily in the longer drying time specified for MethodB (2 h versus 30 min). In both methods, a weighed specimenof resin solution is spread under pressure between
21、two weighedsheets of aluminum foil, which are then separated and dried at105C. The method is unique in that it provides for drying ofvery thin films of resin, minimizing chances for volatiles to betrapped.5.4 Shellac:5.4.1 Sections 14 and 15 of Test Methods D29describe twomethods for the determinati
22、on of volatile matter (moisture) inlac resins. Method A (Section 14) is recommended for orangeshellac, button lac, garnet lac, and dry bleached lac. Method B(Section 15) is recommended for bleached lac in the form ofhanks, bars, and crushed fresh ground (see SpecificationD 360).5.4.2 Sections 14 to
23、16 of Test Methods D 1650 are recom-mended for the determination of the nonvolatile and volatilecontent of shellac varnishes.5.5 Varnishes:5.5.1 Test Methods D 1644 describes two methods for thedetermination of the nonvolatile and volatile content of var-nishes. Method A requires heating a 1.2 g spe
24、cimen at 105Cfor3hinanoven, while Method B requires heating a smallerspecimen at 149C for 10 min on a hotplate. Method A maygive high results due either to incomplete elimination ofvolatile matter or to absorption of oxygen by oxidizing-typevarnishes.5.5.2 Sections 18 to 22 of Test Methods D115is ap
25、plicableto the following classifications of varnishes used for electricalinsulation: alcohol-soluble varnishes, oxidizing air-drying var-nishes, thermosetting varnishes, oxidizing baking varnishes,air-drying asphaltic varnishes, silicone varnishes, and thermo-setting laminating varnishes. Determine
26、nonvolatile matter inelectrical insulating varnishes intended for electrical equipmentoperating at 180C and above in accordance with Test MethodsD115except that the temperature used shall be 135 6 3C(275 6 5.5F) or at a temperature agreed upon between theproducer and user.6. Precision6.1 Some of the
27、 referenced ASTM standards have precisionlimits. Reference to the individual standards for precisionstatements is recommended.7. Keywords7.1 nonvolatile content of cellulosics; emulsions; volatilecontent of cellulosicsSUMMARY OF CHANGESCommittee D01 has identified the location of selected changes to
28、 this standard since the last issue(D 4209 - 82 (2002) that may impact the use of this standard. (Approved July 1, 2007.)(1) Updated the Terminology section.D4209072ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this
29、 standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be
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31、nsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).D4209073
