1、Designation: D 4302 05Standard Specification forArtists Oil, Resin-Oil, and Alkyd Paints1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 4302; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A numbe
2、r in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification establishes requirements for compo-sition, physical properties, performance, and labeling of artistsoil, resin-oil, and
3、alkyd paints.1.2 This specification covers pigments, vehicles, and addi-tives. Requirements are included for pigment identification,lightfastness, consistency, and drying time.1.3 Table 1 lists some pigments meeting the lightfastnessrequirements in this specification. In order to identify otherpigme
4、nts that meet these requirements, instructions are givenfor test specimen preparation. Test methods for determiningrelative lightfastness are referenced.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.5 This pertains only
5、 to the test method found in Section 8.This standard does not purport to address all of the safetyconcerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety andhealth practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitatio
6、ns prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D79 Specification for Zinc Oxide PigmentsD 185 Test Methods for Coarse Particles in Pigments,Pastes, and PaintsD 387 Test Method for Color and Strength of ChromaticPigments with a Mechanical MullerD 476 Classification for Dry Pigmentary Tita
7、nium DioxideProductsD 602 Specification for Barium Sulfate PigmentsD 1133 Test Method for Kauri-Butanol Value of Hydrocar-bon SolventsD 1210 Test Method for Fineness of Dispersion of Pigment-Vehicle Systems by HegmanType GageD 1640 Test Methods for Drying, Curing, or Film Forma-tion of Organic Coati
8、ngs at Room TemperatureD 1729 Practice for Visual Appraisal of Colors and ColorDifferences of Diffusely-Illuminated Opaque MaterialsD 2244 Practice for Calculation of Color Tolerances andColor Differences from Instrumentally Measured ColorCoordinatesD 2245 Test Method for Identification of Oils and
9、OilAcidsin Solvent-Reducible PaintsD 2369 Test Method for Volatile Content of CoatingsD 2689 Practices for Testing Alkyd ResinsD 4236 Practice for Labeling Art Materials for ChronicHealth HazardsD 4303 Test Methods for Lightfastness of Colorants Usedin Artists MaterialsD 4838 Test Method for Determi
10、ning the Relative TintingStrength of Chromatic PaintsD 4941 Practice for Preparing Drawdowns of Artists PastePaintsE 284 Terminology of Appearance3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 Colour Index Name, nconsists of the category (typeof dye or pigment), general hue, and an assigned number givento a co
11、lorant in the Colour Index3as an international identifi-cation system.3.1.1.1 DiscussionFor example, the Colour Index Nameof one phthalocyanine blue pigment is Pigment Blue 15 (PB15).3.1.2 Colour Index Number, na five-digit number given inthe Colour Index that describes the chemical constitution of
12、acolorant.3.1.2.1 DiscussionFor example, the Colour Index Num-ber of one phthalocyanine blue pigment is 74160.3.1.3 Refer to Terminology E 284 for appearance terms usedin this specification.1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paintand Related Coatings, Materials, a
13、nd Applications and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D01.57 on Artist Paints and Related Materials.Current edition approved July 1, 2005. Published August 2005. Originallyapproved in 1983. Last previous edition approved in 1999 as D 4302 99.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM w
14、ebsite, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Colour Index, 3rd ed., 5 Vols and Revisions, The Society of Dyers andColourists, London, 197175. Available f
15、rom the American Association of TextileChemists and Colorists, P. O. Box 12215, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 alkali refined
16、oil, ntriglyceride oil of vegetableorigin that has been treated with alkali to reduce the free acidityby formation of water-soluble salts, subsequently removed bywashing.3.2.1.1 DiscussionAn appreciable degree of free aciditymay cause a greater development of yellowing in a dried filmof oil. Most ar
17、tists oil paints are ground in alkali refined oil.3.2.2 alkyd paint, npaint containing a resin produced bycombining a polybasic acid, a polyhydric alcohol, and the fattyacid of a drying vegetable oil. For this specification, the resinproduced must be soluble in mineral spirits or turpentine.3.2.3 dr
18、ier (siccative), na substance, usually an organo-metallic compound, that accelerates the rate of drying of an oilpaint or oil medium.3.2.4 oil paint, npaint containing an alkali refined triglyc-eride drying oil of vegetable origin.3.2.5 resin-oil paint, npaint containing 90 weight %minimum of vehicl
19、e solids, vegetable drying oil, and 10 weight% maximum of vehicle solids replaced by gum or resin.4. Significance and Use4.1 This specification establishes quality requirements andprovides a basis for common understanding among producers,distributors, and users.4.2 It is not intended that all paints
20、 meeting the require-ments be identical nor of uniform excellence in all respects.Variations in manufacture, not covered by this specification,may cause some artists to prefer one brand over another, eitherof which may be acceptable under this specification.5. Labeling Requirements5.1 Pigment(s) Ide
21、ntification:5.1.1 Every label shall include for each pigment containedin the paint (1) the information underlined in Table 1 (whichincludes the Common Name, Colour Index Name, and anyadditional terms necessary to identify the form of the pigment)and ( 2) the appropriate Lightfastness Category.5.1.2
22、The complete pigment identification given in Table 1,which also includes the Colour Index Number and a simplechemical description, shall be given in an appropriate producerpublication. Manufacturers are encouraged to put this completeidentification on the container label when label size permits.5.1.
23、3 The Common Name shall be placed on the front of thelabel and shall be the name of the paint except as described in5.1.5 and 5.1.6. Other identification may be placed elsewhereon the container.5.1.4 The Colour Index name may be spelled out in full orabbreviated depending on the size of the label. E
24、xample:Pigment Blue 15, or Pig. Blue 15 or PB 15.5.1.5 Substituted PigmentIn the case of substituted pig-ments, the word “Hue” in equal size letters shall follow in thetitle, on the front of the tube, immediately after the name of thepigment that has been simulated. Directly below the title, theComm
25、on Name from Table 1 of the pigment(s) used shall begiven in letters no less than the next type size smaller than thetitle; or if more that one pigment is used, then 5.1.7 coveringmixed pigments, can be followed. For example:CADMIUM RED MEDIUM HUE COBALT BLUE HUE(Naphthol Red AS-OL) (Mixture)5.1.6 P
26、roprietary names or optional names may be usedprovided the Common Name(s) given in Table 1 appears on thefront of the label directly under the proprietary or optionalname in letters no less than the next type size smaller than theproprietary or optional name; or if more than one pigment isused, then
27、 5.1.7 covering mixed pigments, can be followed.5.1.7 Mixed PigmentsArtists paints containing more thanone pigment comply with this specification if all coloredpigments included in the mixture are on the suitable pigmentlist (Table 1) and provided the mixture itself has passed allother test requirem
28、ents in this specification. The CommonNames for the pigments in the mixture, or the word “Mixture,”must appear under the title in letters no less than the next typesize smaller than the title. For example:PERMANENT GREEN LIGHT PERMANENT GREEN LIGHT(Cadmium Yellow Light, (Mixture)Phthalocyanine Blue)
29、If the word “Mixture” is used under the title, the CommonNames of the pigments in the mixture, as given in Table 1,must be listed along with their Colour Index Names and theLightfastness Category of the mixture somewhere on the label.The lightfastness category shall be that of the least lightfastpig
30、ment. This lightfastness category may be changed if themixture is tested for lightfastness in accordance with TestMethods D 4303 and results indicating a different category aresubmitted to ASTM Subcommittee D01.57 for evaluation.5.2 Provide on the label:5.2.1 Artists Oil PaintsVegetable origin of th
31、e oil andmethod of refinement.NOTE 1The type of oil can be identified in accordance with TestMethod D 2245.5.2.2 Artists Alkyd PaintsType of fatty acid used. If freevegetable oil is used in combination with an alkyd resin,declare this also on the label. State if compatible with artistsoil paints.NOT
32、E 2The type of alkyd can be identified in accordance withPractices D 2689.5.2.3 Artists Resin-Oil PaintsVegetable origin andmethod of refinement of the oil and type of resin or gum. If thecolors in a resin-oil paint line contain more than one, ordifferent, gums or resins, the identification on the i
33、ndividuallabels may uniformly include all of the gums or resins used inthe paint line. Example: “Damar or Mastic Gum.” State ifcompatible with artists oil paints.NOTE 3The type of oil can be identified in accordance with TestMethod D 2245.5.3 LightfastnessThe label shall contain the word “Light-fast
34、ness” followed by the appropriate rating, I or II, as givenfor each pigment in Table 1.5.3.1 Lightfastness I pigments, when made into paint speci-mens as described in Section 8 and exposed, tested, and ratedin accordance with Test Methods D 4303, shall have a colordifference (DE*ab) of 4 or less CIE
35、LAB units between thespecimens measured before and after exposure.D43020525.3.2 Lightfastness II pigments, when made into paintspecimens as described in Section 8 and exposed, tested, andrated in accordance with Test Methods D 4303, shall have acolor difference (DE*ab) of more than 4.0 but not more
36、than 8.0CIELAB units between the specimens measured before andafter exposure.5.3.3 Pigments were placed in a lightfastness category onthe basis of either known historical performance in art works orthe ratings from four lightfastness tests conducted as describedin Test Methods D 4303. Results from f
37、urther tests on these, orother pigments, are solicited by Subcommittee D01.57.5.3.3.1 The lightfastness category of a pigment shall bechanged if results from several further tests conducted inaccordance with Test Methods D 4303 and approved byASTMSubcommittee D01.57, establish a different lightfastn
38、ess cat-egory than the one given in Table 1.5.3.3.2 Additional pigments shall be placed in Table 1 afterthey have been tested for lightfastness in accordance with TestMethods D 4303 and the test results submitted to ASTMSubcommittee D01.57 for evaluation, provided the resultsdemonstrate that the pig
39、ments have the lightfastness ratingsrequired for Lightfastness I or Lightfastness II, as describedabove.5.3.4 For information and to establish nomenclature, pig-ments in Lightfastness III, IV, and V categories are given inTable X1.1 inAppendix X1. However, such pigments are not tobe used in paint co
40、nforming to this specification.5.4 ContentsTo be expressed in volumetric measure asrequired by law.5.5 ToxicityAll products and labeling must conform to theFederal Hazardous Substances Act and to Practice D 4236.5.6 Statement of Conformance“Conforms to ASTMSpecification D 4302,” or “Conforms to ASTM
41、 D 4302,” or“Conforms to the quality requirements ofASTM D 4302.” Thisstatement may be combined with other conformance state-ments, such as, “Conforms to the quality and health require-ments of ASTM Specification D 4302 and Practice D 4236.”5.7 AddressInclude on the label (1) the name and addressof
42、the manufacturer or importer and (2) the country ofmanufacture.6. Quality Assurance for Artists Oil Paints and ArtistsResin-Oil Paints6.1 Conditions Not Covered in This Specification that AffectArtists Oil and Resin-Oil Paints:6.1.1 SubstrateFactors such as the texture, gloss, effectivepH, porosity,
43、 chemical composition, and condition of thesubstrate will affect gloss, gloss uniformity, drying time,adhesion, and the flexibility of the dried film.6.1.2 Environmental ConditionsFactors such as tempera-ture, humidity, air flow, and light conditions affect applicationproperties, film formation, dry
44、ing time, and adhesion.6.1.3 StorageWith aging and elevated temperatures, theremay be a change in consistency and a separation of oil from thepaste paint.6.2 VehiclesOnly vegetable drying oils shall be used inartists oil paints. Resin-oil paints shall contain 90 weight %minimum of vehicle solids, ve
45、getable drying oil (see Note 1),and 10 weight % maximum of vehicle solids replaced by gumor resin.6.3 PigmentsPigments to be used in oil paints shall belimited to those listed in the column labeled “Oil” andpigments to be used in resin-oil paints shall be limited to thoselisted in the column labeled
46、 “Resin-Oil” in Table 1. Theirlightfastness rating shall be the numeral given in the same row.Those pigments listed as “not tested” shall not be used.6.4 DriersDriers may be used in minimal amounts inpaints that contain a pigment which has a retarding effect onthe drying of oil. This is allowed so t
47、hese paints can conformto the drying requirements of this specification.6.5 InertsMinimal amounts of inert pigments may beused to produce desirable working qualities and consistency, toprevent separation, to develop chromatic properties, or toensure the durability of the paint film.6.6 Preparation o
48、f SampleEmpty the contents of a previ-ously unopened container onto a glass slab and mix thoroughlywith a spatula to a homogeneous sample.6.7 NonvolatileThe nonvolatile content shall not be lessthan 97 weight % for the oil paints and 90 weight % for theresin-oil paints, as determined by Test Method
49、D 2369.6.8 Coarse ParticlesPaints shall be free of oversize par-ticles and shall form a uniform film. The maximum content ofcoarse particles shall be 1 weight % as determined by TestMethods D 185.6.9 Fineness of DispersionOn a glass plate, using aspatula, mix the paint with an equal volume of linseed oil untilhomogeneous. If the paint is very thick, it may be necessary toadd a minimum amount of mineral spirits or turpentine to makethe paint sufficiently fluid to read the gage accurately. Deter-mine the fineness of dispersion by Test M
