1、Designation: D 4619 96 (Reapproved 2004)Standard Practice forInspection of Linings in Operating Flue Gas DesulfurizationSystems1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 4619; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revis
2、ion, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice describes procedures for conducting in-spections of the conditions of various linings
3、in operating FlueGas Desulfurization (FGD) system components.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
4、bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazardstatements, see Section 7.2. Significance and Use2.1 Periodic inspections are essential to evaluate liningperformance, to detect existing damage potential problems, andto plan scheduled maintenance. The frequency of these inspec-tions
5、 may diminish or increase with time depending uponlining performance.3. Recordkeeping3.1 Lining condition will depend on the operating condi-tions experienced by the lining systems. Records of theseconditions that are maintained by the owner/operator should beevaluated for potential effects upon the
6、 linings. These mayinclude:3.1.1 Dates of lining installation and initial operation,3.1.2 Solution/gas temperatures in lined components,3.1.3 Solution/gas chemistry (pH, composition),3.1.4 Start up/shut down dates,3.1.5 Gas velocities and particulate loading, and3.1.6 Ambient conditions.3.2 Any know
7、n change in the process criteria or modifica-tions of the physical design shall be identified and dated.3.3 All past history pertaining to the lining systems shouldbe available during the inspection process. They may include:3.3.1 Copies of existing lining specifications and installa-tion procedures
8、.3.3.2 Quality control documents of the existing lining in-stallation.3.3.3 Copies of previous inspection reports.3.3.4 Documentation pertaining to any maintenance of ex-isting lining systems.4. Inspection Team4.1 The owner/operator should select a team of experiencedpersonnel to conduct the inspect
9、ion. Personnel representing thefollowing may be included:4.1.1 Owners representative,4.1.2 Lining manufacturer,4.1.3 Lining applicator,4.1.4 Equipment designer,4.1.5 Architect engineer,4.1.6 Third party inspectors, and4.1.7 System designer.5. Hazards5.1 All safety requirements of OSHA and the owner/
10、operator, must be met when performing all inspection opera-tions. Residues, including acids, heavy metals, or other haz-ardous materials, may be present in deposits, on the liningsurfaces, or in the atmosphere. Precautions shall be taken toprotect personnel. Confined entry safety requirements shall
11、beadhered to where applicable.6. Pre-Inspection Procedure6.1 Prior to conducting an inspection of the lining, theowner/operator shall ensure that the following services andequipment are provided.6.1.1 SafetyThe inspection team shall verify that theequipment being inspected has been made safe for ent
12、ry. Thisshall include lockout procedures for related equipment such as,but not limited to, the boiler, dampers, valves, fans, and pumps.6.1.2 LightingSufficient lighting shall be provided toassure general lighting of the overall area plus localized highintensity lights for close visual observation o
13、r taking ofphotographs, or both. The lighting fixtures shall be equippedwith a safety guard to minimize breakage and injury.1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D33 on ProtectiveCoating and Lining Work for Power Generation Facilities and is the directresponsibility of Subcommit
14、tee D33.09 on Protective Lining for FGD Systems.Current edition approved January 1, 2004. Published January 2004. Originallyapproved in 1986. Last previous edition approved in 1996 as D 4619 96.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, Unite
15、d States.6.1.3 Access to Lining SurfacesThe access equipmentmust meet all safety requirements of OSHA and the owner/operator. The equipment must be capable of placing theinspectors close enough to the lining surface to perform allinspection procedures.6.1.4 CleaningSelected lining surfaces to be ins
16、pectedshall be cleaned of any deposits or buildup that will obscureexamination of the lining. The cleaning procedure selectedmust not cause damage to the lining.6.1.5 VentilationProvisions must be made to assure thatadequate fresh air is provided in all FGD components beinginspected. If some compone
17、nts are on line, provisions must betaken to adequately isolate such components.7. Inspection Procedures7.1 The inspection should include visual examination, pho-tographic examination, mapping of potential problem areas,specific destructive or nondestructive testing, and removal (ifrequired) of repre
18、sentative samples for analysis (see Table 1).7.2 Temperature may influence observed or tested liningparameters, such as crack width, hardness, and adhesion.During inspection, temperature of the lining surface and theinterior and exterior ambient temperatures of the componentshould be measured and re
19、corded.7.3 Other parameters important to the inspection should bediscussed with the parties involved and agreed to prior to theinspection.8. Report8.1 The owner/operator shall designate who is responsiblefor the preparation of an inspection report.8.2 Report the following information:8.2.1 Pertinent
20、 background information contained in Sec-tion 3,8.2.2 Date(s) of inspection,8.2.3 Participants and their affiliation,8.2.4 Documentation of inspection,8.2.5 Photographs, as applicable,8.2.6 Mapping of problem areas,8.2.7 Test results, and8.2.8 Conclusions and recommendations.9. Repairs9.1 If repairs
21、 of the lining are required, the owner/operatoror his representative shall prepare specific repair specificationsor procedures, or both, with the input of the lining manufac-turer(s), the applicator(s), and others as necessary.9.2 These specifications or procedures, or both, may beprepared in advanc
22、e or as a result of the inspection.10. Keywords10.1 cementitious linings; chemical resistant linings; fluegas desulfurization (FGD); inorganic linings; inspection oflinings; organic linings; power generation facility liningsTABLE 1 Lining Maintenance Inspection ParametersOrganic Resins Organic Elast
23、omers Inorganic/Cementitious Inorganic/MasonryVisual Inspection: Visual Inspection: Visual Inspection: Visual Inspection:Rust Rust Erosion/mechanical damage Erosion/mechanical damageChemical Degradation Chemical Degradation Cracking Cracking:Surface Effects: Surface Effects: Softening Mortar jointAb
24、rasion/erosion Abrasion/erosion Spalling Brick faceAligatoring/checking Swelling Rust staining SpallingDiscoloration/charring Softening Efflorescence Softening:Flaking Crazing Anchor exposure BrickCracking Cracking Delaminations MortarSoftening Surface sloughing Substrate exposure Expansion jointBli
25、stering/delamination: Blistering: Physical Testing: Color Change:Size Size Hardness (Schmidt hammer) BrickDensity Density Measure crack widths and pattern MortarEntrapped contents for analysis Entrapped contents for analysis Core samples, if required Physical Testing:Mechanical Damage Mechanical Dam
26、age: Remove cementitious layer to permit Hardness (Schmidt hammer)Physical Testing: Gouging visual examination of under- Core samples, if requiredLining thickness Cutting laying membrane/substrate Petrographic analysis, if requiredHigh voltage holiday testing is not Tearingrecommended for linings th
27、athave been in serviceOvercompression (mating sur-faces)Adhesion testing, if required Adhesive failureCohesive failuresReversion (Reverting to soft con-ditions with loss of physicalproperties)Physical Testing:Lining thicknessHigh voltage holiday testing is notrecommended for linings thathave been in
28、 serviceAdhesion testing, if requiredShore durometer hardnessD 4619 96 (2004)2ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the valid
29、ity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comme
30、nts are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have n
31、ot received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).D 4619 96 (2004)3
