1、Designation: D 4635 01Standard Specification forPolyethylene Films Made from Low-Density Polyethylene forGeneral Use and Packaging Applications1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 4635; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in t
2、he case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers unpigmented, unsupported,low-density polyethylene films (h
3、ereafter referred to as film orfilms) from Class 1 polyethylenes per Specification D 4976.NOTE 1The density of a film will not necessarily be equal to thedensity of a molded plaque from the same resin.NOTE 2Blends of ethylene/vinylacetate (EVA) with low-density poly-ethylene may have densities up to
4、 0.929 g/cm3.1.2 This specification is applicable to homopolymer poly-ethylene, but is not restricted to it. It is applicable to films madefrom polyethylene copolymers, and also applicable to filmsmade from blends of homopolymers and copolymers, includ-ing ethylene/vinylacetate copolymers.1.3 The th
5、ickness of the films covered by this specificationis 100 m or less (0.004 in. or less), inclusive. The maximumwidth of the sheet or layflat is 3.00 m (120 in.).1.4 This specification does not cover oriented heat-shrinkable films.1.5 This specification allows for the use of recycled poly-ethylene fil
6、m or resin as feedstock, in whole or in part, as longas all of the requirements of this specification are met and aslong as any specific requirements as governed by the producerand end user are also met. (See Note 3.)NOTE 3Guide D 5033 describes terminology and definitions relatedto recycled plastic
7、s.1.6 This specification defines the levels of the variousphysical properties from which specifications for specific filmsmay be described. The levels of physical properties required bya film for a given application are selected from Section 6.However, Sections 2-5 relating to tolerances shall apply
8、without change to all film falling within the scope indicated bythe title and 1.1-1.4.1.7 This specification covers dimensional tolerances, clas-sifications, intrinsic quality requirements, and test methods.The dimensional tolerances include thickness, width, andlength or yield. Classification defin
9、es types, classes, surfaces,and finishes. The intrinsic quality requirements include density,workmanship, tensile strength, heat sealability, and odor, aswell as the classification properties for impact strength, coef-ficient of friction, optical properties, and surface treatment. Asampling method i
10、s included.1.8 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.9 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to thetest methods portion, Section 10, of this specification: Thisstandard does not purport to address all of
11、the safety concerns,if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the userof this standard to establish appropriate safety and healthpractices and determine the applicability of regulatory limita-tions prior to use.NOTE 4There is no similar or equivalent ISO specification.2. Reference
12、d Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:D 618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics and ElectricalInsulating Materials for Testing2D 882 Test Methods for Tensile Properties of Thin PlasticSheeting2D 883 Terminology Relating to Plastics2D 1003 Test Method for Haze and Luminous Transmittanceof Transparent Plastics
13、2D 1505 Test Method for Density of Plastics by the Density-Gradient Technique2D 1709 Test Methods for Impact Resistance of Plastic Filmby the Free-Falling Dart Method2D 1894 Test Method for Static and Kinetic Coefficients ofFriction of Plastic Film and Sheeting2D 2103 Specification for Polyethylene
14、Film and Sheeting2D 2457 Test Method for Specular Gloss of Plastic Films andSolid Plastics3D 2578 Test Method for Wetting Tension of Polyethyleneand Polypropylene Films3D 4321 Test Method for Package Yield of Plastic Film31This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 onPlastics
15、 and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.19 on Film andSheeting.Current edition refers to resin density, not film density; it also has a revisedsection for inspection and certification.Current edition approved June 10, 2001. Published August 2001. Originallypublished as D 4635 86. Last
16、previous edition D 4635 95.2Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.01.3Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.02.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.D 4703 Practice for Compression Molding ThermoplasticMaterials into Test S
17、pecimens, Plaques, or Sheets4D 4976 Specification for Polyethylene Plastics Molding andExtrusion Materials4D 5033 Guide for the Development of Standards Relating tothe Proper Use of Recycled Plastics4E 1870 Test Method for Odor and Taste Transfer fromPolymeric Packaging Film5F 88 Test Methods for Se
18、al Strength of Flexible BarrierMaterials6NOTE 5If this product is intended for packaging foods, medicines,drugs, and cosmetics, it is subject to applicable regulations of the Foodand Drug Administration or the Department of Agriculture and mustcomply with such regulations. If it is necessary to comp
19、ly with regulationsof other government agencies, such as the Consumer Product SafetyCommission, Environmental Protection Agency, Department of Transpor-tation, Federal Trade Commission, or others, such compliance should bearranged between the buyer and the seller prior to placing an order.3. Termino
20、logy3.1 DefinitionsUnless otherwise indicated, the terminol-ogy used in this specification is in accordance with Terminol-ogy D 883.4. Classification4.1 The low-density polyethylene film is, by this specifica-tion, classified by Types 1, 2, and 3; Surfaces 1, 2, and 3;Classes 1, 2, 3, and 4; and Fin
21、ishes 1, 2, 3, and 4. Theseclassifications are described in detail in 6.1.5. Materials5.1 The film shall be made from an ethylene homopolymer,ethylene copolymers, or blends of homopolymers or copoly-mers, or homopolymer and copolymer, so that it meets thedensity and other film requirements listed he
22、rein.5.2 The film shall be made from resins having densitiesbetween 910.0 and 925.0 kg/m3(0.910 and 0.925 g/cm3),inclusive. This is the range of standard densities in thedefinition of low-density polyethylene (see TerminologyD 883). Standard density refers to the density of the materialmolded to a t
23、hickness of 1.9 mm (0.075 in.) using Procedure Cof Annex A1 of Practice D 4703 (see Note 1).5.3 The film shall be natural in color (essentially colorless).6. Physical Requirements6.1 Classification Properties:6.1.1 TypeThe dart drop impact for all thickness of filmshall be as specified in Table 1 fo
24、r Types 1, 2, and 3.6.1.2 SurfaceThe kinetic coefficient of friction shall be asspecified in Table 2 for Surfaces 1, 2, and 3.6.1.3 ClassThe optical properties shall be as specified inTable 3 for Classes 1, 2, and 3. The optical properties of glossand haze do not always correlate. The particular pro
25、perty ofmost importance for the specific application shall be estab-lished, and the value for this property shall then govern in caseof any inconsistency.6.1.4 FinishThe surface treatment level of the film shallbe as specified in Table 4 for Finishes 1, 2, 3, and 4.6.2 Other Properties:6.2.1 Tensile
26、 PropertiesThe tensile strength and elonga-tion at break for all thicknesses shall be as specified in Table 5.6.2.2 Heat SealabilityThe minimum ratio of heat-sealstrength to the film strength in the two principal directions shallbe as specified in Table 6.6.2.3 OdorThe odor level of the film shall a
27、verage nomore than a 3.5 rating level.7. Dimensions7.1 SizeThe nominal thickness, width, length per roll orroll diameter, and yield of the film shall be established bymutual agreement between the purchaser and the supplier.7.2 Thickness ToleranceThe thickness variation acrossthe film shall be within
28、 the tolerances given in Table 7.7.3 Width ToleranceThe width shall be within the toler-ances given in Table 8.7.4 Yield ToleranceThe deviation of the actual yield fromnominal yield shall be within the tolerances given in Table 9.7.5 FlatnessThe flatness of the film shall be within limitsas mutually
29、 agreed upon between the buyer and the seller.7.6 Dimension tolerances for “J-Sheeting” lip and gussetdepth shall be established by mutual agreement between thepurchaser and the supplier.4Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.03.5Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.08.6Annual Book of ASTM Standard
30、s, Vol 15.09.TABLE 1 Classification for TypeFilm Thickness Drop Dart (g, min)Am in. Type 1 Type 2 Type 30.52 0.2 to 0.53 0.2 or lessTABLE 3 Classification for ClassesClass Gloss Units Haze, %1 30 or less 252 30 to 50 10 to 253 50 to 70 5 to 104 70 0to5TABLE 4 Classification for FinishFinishWetting T
31、ension, mN/m(dynes/cm)1 32, 33, 342 35, 36, 373 38, 39, 404 41 and overD46350128. Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance8.1 FilmThe film shall have workmanship qualities con-forming to good commercial practice. The quality of film withregard to gels, streaks, pinholes, particles of foreign matter,scrat
32、ches, wrinkles, wind chatter, undispersed raw materials,holes, tears, and blisters shall be mutually established by thepurchaser and the supplier.8.2 Roll Formation:8.2.1 The diameter of cores upon which film is wound shallbe established by mutual agreement between the purchaser andthe supplier. Cor
33、es upon which film is wound must not berecessed at either edge of the roll, but may extend up to 6 mm(14in.) beyond either edge of the roll. Rolls with cores that arecrushed and are not able to be mounted on the purchasersequipment are to be considered rejects.8.2.2 Ridges and soft spots which resul
34、t in bagginess andlooseness of the unwound film are unacceptable and may berejected by the purchaser on a roll-to-roll basis if the conditionscontribute to poor performance of the film in end-use applica-tion.8.2.3 The edges of the roll must be free of nicks and cuts,and the general condition of rol
35、l edges must not interfere withthe unwinding of the rolls.8.2.4 The type and number of splices, flaggings of splices,or breaks (if unspliced) in rolls of more than one piece shall beestablished by mutual agreement between the supplier and thepurchaser.9. Sampling9.1 Statistically based sampling plan
36、s which are appropriatefor each particular product or quantity may be used to obtainsamples for use in determining compliance with this specifi-cation.9.2 For the purposes of developing supplier-purchaserspecifications, a lot size generally refers to the number of rollsin a lot. Sampling units are t
37、hose rolls selected by randomnumbers from the lot. A unit sample is the sample of film takenfrom the roll. Care must be exercised in taking unit samples.Unwind and then discard several turns from the roll and thentake more than enough sample to run all specified tests. Keepthe sample from becoming s
38、oiled. Ensure that the sample is notfolded or creased excessively.10. Test Methods10.1 ConditioningCondition the samples or test speci-mens, or both, at 23 6 2C (73.4 6 3.6F) before testing. Incases of disagreement, condition the test specimens for not lessthan 40 h prior to test, in accordance with
39、 Procedure A ofPractice D 618 for those tests where conditioning is required.10.2 Test ConditionsConduct tests at the standard labora-tory temperature of 23 6 2C (73.4 6 3.6F).10.3 WidthMeasure width with a metal rule capable ofmeasuring to an accuracy of 61mm(116 in.).10.4 ThicknessMeasure thicknes
40、s in accordance with theGeneral Test Methods section of Specification D 2103, with themodification that the specimen shall be taken as a 50-mm(2-in.) strip across the web and measured at intervals of notmore than 50 mm.10.5 YieldSee Test Method D 4321.10.6 FlatnessMeasure flatness using a method mut
41、uallyagreed upon between the purchaser and the supplier.10.7 DensityThe density of resins from which the film ismade shall be measured in accordance with Test MethodD 1505.10.8 Coeffcient of FrictionThe kinetic coefficient of fric-tion shall be measured in accordance with Test MethodD 1894. The test
42、 shall be conducted film to film, in both themachine direction and transverse direction.10.9 Optical Properties:10.9.1 ClarityMeasure clarity of the film by visual orinstrumented means, as agreed upon between the purchaser andthe supplier.10.9.2 GlossMeasure gloss of the film in accordance withTest
43、Method D 2457, using a 45 gloss head.10.9.3 HazeMeasure haze in accordance with TestMethod D 1003.10.10 Wetting TensionMeasure wetting tension in accor-dance with Test Method D 2578.10.11 Impact ResistanceMeasure impact resistance inaccordance with Test Methods D 1709, except that TestMethod A shall
44、 be used for all gages of film.10.12 Tensile PropertiesMeasure tensile strength andelongation at break in accordance with Test Methods D 882.10.13 Heat SealabilityMeasure heat sealability in accor-dance with Test Methods F 88, Test Method B, Dynamic LoadTest.10.14 OdorMeasure odor level in accordanc
45、e with TestMethod E 1870, low to moderate scale.11. Inspection and Certification11.1 Inspection and certification of the material suppliedunder this specification shall be for conformance to therequirements specified herein.11.2 Lot-acceptance inspection shall be the basis on whichacceptance or reje
46、ction of the lot is made. The lot-acceptanceinspection shall consist of those tests that ensure processcontrol during manufacture as well as those necessary to ensurecertification in accordance with 11.4.TABLE 5 Tensile PropertiesProperty UnitsMachineDirectionTransverseDirectionTensile Strength, min
47、 MPa (psi) 11.7 (1700) 8.3 (1200)Tensile Elongation, min % 225 350TABLE 6 Heat SealabilityAFinish ofContact SurfacesBHeat Sealability,min2 to 2 0.601 to 2 0.601 to 1 0.75AHeat sealability is the ratio of the tensile strength of the heat-sealed specimento the tensile strength of the original film spe
48、cimen.BHeat sealability is not applicable to films with finish greater than two; this doesnot infer that films with finishes greater than two cannot be sealed.D463501311.3 Periodic check inspection shall consist of the testsspecified for all requirements of the material under thisspecification. Insp
49、ection frequency shall be adequate to ensurethat the material is certifiable in accordance with 11.4.11.4 Certification shall be that the material was manufac-tured, sampled, tested, and inspected in accordance with thisspecification and that average values meet the requirements ata confidence level of 95 %.11.5 A report of the test results shall be furnished whenrequested. The report shall consist of results of the lot-acceptance inspection for the shipment and results of the mostrecent periodic-check inspection.12. Packaging and Package
