1、Designation: D4635 08aD4635 16Standard Specification forPolyethylenePlastic Films Made from Low-DensityPolyethylene and Linear Low-Density Polyethylene forGeneral Use and Packaging Applications1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4635; the number immediately following the designatio
2、n indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers unpigment
3、ed, unsupported, low-density polyethylene and linear low-density polyethylene films(hereafter referred to as film or films) from Class 1with densities ranging from 0.910-0.925 g/cm3 polyethylenes per SpecificationD4976.NOTE 1The density of a film will not necessarily be equal to the density of a mol
4、ded plaque from the same resin.NOTE 2Blends of ethylene/vinylacetate ethylene/vinyl acetate (EVA) with low-density polyethylene may have densities up to 0.929 g/cm3.1.2 This specification is applicable to homopolymer polyethylene, but is not restricted to it. It is applicable to films made frompolye
5、thylene copolymers, and also applicable to films made from blends of homopolymers and copolymers, includingethylene/vinylacetate ethylene/vinyl acetate copolymers.1.3 The thickness of the films covered by this specification is 100101.6 m or less (0.004 in. or less), inclusive. The maximumwidth of th
6、e sheet or layflat is 3.003.30 m (120(130 in.).1.4 This specification does not cover oriented heat-shrinkable films.1.5 This specification allows for the use of recycled polyethylene film or resin as feedstock, in whole or in part, as long as allof the requirements of this specification are met and
7、as long as any specific requirements as governed by the producer and end userare also met. (See Note 3.)NOTE 3Guide D7209 describes terminology and definitions related to recycled plastics.1.6 This specification defines the levels of the various physical properties from which specifications for spec
8、ific films may bedescribed. The levels of physical properties required by a film for a given application are selected from Section 6. However,Sections 2 5 relating to tolerances shall apply without change to all film falling within the scope indicated by the title and 1.1 1.4.1.7 This specification
9、covers dimensional tolerances, classifications, intrinsic quality requirements, and test methods. Thedimensional tolerances include thickness, width, and length or yield. Classification defines types, classes, surfaces, and finishes.The intrinsic quality requirements include density, workmanship, te
10、nsile strength, heat sealability, and odor, as well as theclassification properties for impact strength, coefficient of friction, optical properties, and surface treatment. A sampling methodis included.1.8 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parenthe
11、ses are for information only.1.9 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test methods portion, Section 10, of this specification:This standarddoes not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of thisstandard
12、to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.NOTE 4There is no similar or equivalent ISO specification.known ISO equivalent to this standard.1 This specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D20 on Plastics
13、and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.19 on Film, Sheeting, and MoldedProducts.Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2008April 1, 2016. Published November 2008April 2016. Originally approved in 1986. Last previous edition approved in 2008 asD4635 - 08.D4635 - 08a. DOI: 10.1520/D4635-08A.10
14、.1520/D4635-16.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users co
15、nsult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocke
16、n, PA 19428-2959. United States12. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for TestingD792 Test Methods for Density and Specific Gravity (Relative Density) of Plastics by DisplacementD882 Test Method for Tensile Properties of Thin Plastic SheetingD883 Terminol
17、ogy Relating to PlasticsD1003 Test Method for Haze and Luminous Transmittance of Transparent PlasticsD1238 Test Method for Melt Flow Rates of Thermoplastics by Extrusion PlastometerD1505 Test Method for Density of Plastics by the Density-Gradient TechniqueD1709 Test Methods for Impact Resistance of
18、Plastic Film by the Free-Falling Dart MethodD1984D1894 Specification for Tall Oil Fatty AcidsTest Method for Static and Kinetic Coefficients of Friction of Plastic Filmand Sheeting (Withdrawn 1999)D1922 Test Method for Propagation Tear Resistance of Plastic Film and Thin Sheeting by Pendulum MethodD
19、1938 Test Method for Tear-Propagation Resistance (Trouser Tear) of Plastic Film and Thin Sheeting by a Single-Tear MethodD2103 Specification for Polyethylene Film and SheetingD2457 Test Method for Specular Gloss of Plastic Films and Solid PlasticsD2578 Test Method for Wetting Tension of Polyethylene
20、 and Polypropylene FilmsD4321 Test Method for Package Yield of Plastic FilmD4703 Practice for Compression Molding Thermoplastic Materials into Test Specimens, Plaques, or SheetsD4976 Specification for Polyethylene Plastics Molding and Extrusion MaterialsD6988 Guide for Determination of Thickness of
21、Plastic Film Test SpecimensD7209 Guide for Waste Reduction, Resource Recovery, and Use of Recycled Polymeric Materials and Products (Withdrawn2015)3E96/E96M Test Methods for Water Vapor Transmission of MaterialsE1870 Test Method for Odor and Taste Transfer from Polymeric Packaging FilmF1249 Test Met
22、hod for Water Vapor Transmission Rate Through Plastic Film and Sheeting Using a Modulated Infrared SensorF88 Test Method for Seal Strength of Flexible Barrier MaterialsNOTE 5If this product is intended for packaging foods, medicines, drugs, and cosmetics, it is subject to applicable regulations of t
23、he Food and DrugAdministration or the Department ofAgriculture and must comply with such regulations. If it is necessary to comply with regulations of other governmentagencies, such as the Consumer Product Safety Commission, Environmental Protection Agency, Department of Transportation, Federal Trad
24、eCommission, or others, such compliance should be arranged between the buyer and the seller prior to placing an order.3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsUnless otherwise indicated, the terminology used in this specification is in accordance withTerminology D883.4. Classification4.1 The low-density polyeth
25、ylene film is, by this specification, classified by Types 1, 2, and 3; Surfaces 1, 2, and 3; Classes 1,2, 3, and 4; and Finishes 1, 2, 3, and 4. These classifications are described in detail in 6.1.5. Materials5.1 The film shall be made from an ethylene homopolymer, ethylene copolymers, or blends of
26、 homopolymers or copolymers,or homopolymer and copolymer, so that it meets the density and other film requirements listed herein.5.2 The film shall be made from resins having densities between 910.00.910 and 925.0 kg/m0.925 g/cm3 (0.910(910.0 and 0.925g/cm925.0 kg/m3 ), inclusive. This is the range
27、of standard densities in the definition of low-density polyethylene (see TerminologyD883). Standard density refers to the density of the material molded to a thickness of 1.9 mm (0.075 in.) using Procedure C ofAnnex A1 of Practice D4703 (see Note 1).5.3 The film shall be natural in color (essentiall
28、y colorless).6. Physical Requirements6.1 Classification Properties:6.1.1 TypeThe dart drop impact for all thickness of film shall be as specified in Table 1 for Types 1, 2, and 3.6.1.2 SurfaceThe kinetic coefficient of friction shall be as specified in Table 2 for Surfaces 1, 2, and 3.2 For referenc
29、edASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.3 The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on ww
30、w.astm.org.D4635 1626.1.3 ClassThe optical properties shall be as specified in Table 3 for Classes 1, 2, and 3. The optical properties of gloss andhaze do not always correlate. The particular property of most importance for the specific application shall be established, and thevalue for this propert
31、y shall then govern in case of any inconsistency.6.1.4 FinishThe surface treatment level of the film shall be as specified in Table 4 for Finishes 1, 2, 3, and 4.6.2 Other Properties:6.2.1 Tensile PropertiesThe tensile strength and elongation at break for all thicknesses shall be as specified in Tab
32、le 5.6.2.2 Heat SealabilityThe minimum ratio of heat-seal strength to the film strength in the two principal directions shall be asspecified in Table 6.6.2.3 OdorThe odor level of the film shall average no more than a 3.5 rating level.7. Dimensions7.1 SizeThe nominal thickness, width, length per rol
33、l or roll diameter, and yield of the film shall be established by mutualagreement between the purchaser and the supplier.7.2 Thickness ToleranceThe thickness variation across the film shall be within the tolerances given in Table 7.7.3 Width ToleranceThe width shall be within the tolerances given in
34、 Table 8.7.4 Yield ToleranceThe deviation of the actual yield from nominal yield shall be within the tolerances given in Table 9.7.5 FlatnessThe flatness of the film shall be within limits as mutually agreed upon between the buyer and the seller.7.6 Dimension tolerances for “J-Sheeting” lip and guss
35、et depth shall be established by mutual agreement between the purchaserand the supplier.8. Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance8.1 FilmThe film shall have workmanship qualities conforming to good commercial practice. The quality of film with regardto gels, streaks, pinholes, particles of foreign matt
36、er, scratches, wrinkles, wind chatter, undispersed raw materials, holes, tears, andblisters shall be mutually established by the purchaser and the supplier.8.2 Roll Formation:8.2.1 The diameter of cores upon which film is wound shall be established by mutual agreement between the purchaser and thesu
37、pplier.TABLE 1 Classification for TypeFilm Thickness Drop Dart (g, min)AType 1 Type 2 Type 30.52 0.2 to 0.53 0.2 or lessTABLE 3 Optical Properties for ClassesClass Gloss Units Haze, %1 30 or less 252 30 to 50 10 to 253 50 to 70 5 to 104 70 0 to 5D4635 1638.2.2 The diameter of cores upon which film i
38、s wound shall be established by mutual agreement between the purchaser and thesupplier. Cores upon which film is wound must not be recessed at either edge of the roll, but may shall be allowed to extend upto 66.35 mm (14 in.) beyond either edge of the roll. Rolls with cores that are crushed and are
39、not able to be mounted on thepurchasers equipment are to be considered rejects.roll or as established by mutual agreement between the purchaser and thesupplier.8.2.3 Rolls with cores that are crushed and are not able to be mounted on the purchasers equipment are to be considered rejects.8.2.4 Ridges
40、 and soft spots whichthat result in bagginess and looseness of the unwound film are unacceptable and mayshall berejected by the purchaser on a roll-to-roll basis if the conditions contribute to poor performance of the film in end-use application.8.2.5 The edges of the roll must be free of nicks and
41、cuts, and the general condition of roll edges must not interfere with theunwinding of the rolls.8.2.6 The type and number of splices, flaggings of splices, or breaks (if unspliced) in rolls of more than one piece shall beestablished by mutual agreement between the supplier and the purchaser.9. Sampl
42、ing9.1 Statistically based sampling plans which are appropriate for each particular product or quantity may be used to obtainsamples for use in determining compliance with this specification.9.2 For the purposes of developing supplier-purchaser specifications, a lot size generally refers to the numb
43、er of rolls in a lot.Sampling units are those rolls selected by random numbers from the lot. A unit sample is the sample of film taken from the roll.Care must be exercised in taking unit samples. Unwind and then discard several turns from the roll and then take more than enoughsample to run all spec
44、ified tests. Keep the sample from becoming soiled. Ensure that the sample is not folded or creasedexcessively.10. Test Methods10.1 ConditioningCondition the test specimens at 23 6 2C (73.4 6 3.6F) and 50 6 10 % relative humidity for not less than40 h prior to test,test in accordance with Specificati
45、onProcedure D4976 or as A of Practice D618 unless otherwise specified byagreement. agreement or the relevant ASTM material specification. In cases of disagreement, the tolerances shall be 61C(61.8F). (61.8F) and 65 % relative humidity.10.2 Test ConditionsConduct the tests at 23 6 2C (73.4 6 3.6F) in
46、 accordance with Specificationand 50 6 10 D4976 oras % relative humidity unless otherwise specified by agreement. agreement or the relevant ASTM material specification. In casesof disagreement, the tolerances shall be 61C (61.8F).(61.8F) and 65 % relative humidity.10.3 In addition, for films contain
47、ing hydrophilic fillers, co-monomers, pigments or other modifiers, conditioning and testingshall be done at 50 6 10 % relative humidity. In cases of disagreement, the tolerance shall be 65 % relative humidity.TABLE 4 Classification for FinishFinish Wetting Tension, mN/m(dynes/cm)1 32, 33, 342 35, 36
48、, 373 38, 39, 404 41 and overTABLE 5 Tensile PropertiesProperty Units MachineDirection TransverseDirectionTensile Strength, min MPa (psi) 11.7 (1700) 8.3 (1200)Tensile Strength, min MPa (psi) 11.7 (1697) 8.3 (1204)Tensile Elongation, min % 225 350TABLE 6 Heat SealabilityAFinish ofContact SurfacesBHe
49、at Sealability,min2 to 2 0.601 to 2 0.601 to 1 0.75A Heat sealability is the ratio of the tensile strength of the heat-sealed specimen tothe tensile strength of the original film specimen.B Heat sealability is not applicable to films with finish greater than two; this does notinfer that films with finishes greater than two cannot be sealed.D4635 16410.3 WidthMeasure width with a metal rule capable of measuring to an accuracy of 6161.59 mm (116 in.).10.4 ThicknessMeasure thickness in accordance with the General Test Methods section of Spec
