1、Designation: D 4851 07Standard Test Methods forCoated and Laminated Fabrics for Architectural Use1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 4851; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision
2、. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 These test methods cover the testing of coated andlaminated fabrics made primarily for use in fabric roof sys-tems. These coated a
3、nd laminated fabrics are generally in eitheran air supported or tension supported construction of fabricroof systems.1.2 These methods can be used for most fiber-based, coatedand laminated architectural fabrics.1.3 This standard includes the following sections that pro-vide test procedures for coate
4、d and laminated architecturalfabrics:SectionFabric Count 8Mass per Unit Area 9Fabric Thickness 10Fabric Width 11Fabric Length 12Fabric Bow 13Adhesion of Coating to Fabric 14Uniaxial Elongation Under Static Load 15Fabric Breaking Force 16Breaking Strength After Crease Fold 17Elongation at Break 18Fab
5、ric Trapezoid Tear Force 19Resistance to Accelerated Weathering 20Solar Optical Properties 21Fabric Flame Resistance 22Noise Reduction Coefficient 231.4 These test methods include only testing procedures anddo not include specifications or tolerances. They are intendedas a guide for specifications.
6、Any of these methods may beused in material specifications to evaluate requirements for aspecific end use as related to a particular job.1.5 The values stated in either SI or inch-pound units are toregarded separately as the standard. Within the text, theinch-pound units are shown in parentheses. Th
7、e values statedin each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, eachsystem shall be used independently of the other.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-pr
8、iate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C 423 Test Method for Sound Absorption and Sound Ab-sorption Coefficients by the Reverberation Room MethodD 123 Terminology Relating to TextilesD 751 Te
9、st Methods for Coated FabricsD 1003 Test Method for Haze and Luminous Transmittanceof Transparent PlasticsD 1776 Practice for Conditioning and Testing TextilesD 1777 Test Method for Thickness of Textile MaterialsD 2904 Practice for Interlaboratory Testing of a Textile TestMethod that Produces Normal
10、ly Distributed DataD 2906 Practice for Statements on Precision and Bias forTextilesD 3773 Test Methods for Length of Woven FabricD 3774 Test Method for Width of Textile FabricD 3775 Test Method for Warp End Count and Filling PickCount of Woven FabricD 3776 Test Methods for Mass Per Unit Area (Weight
11、) ofFabricD 3882 Test Method for Bow and Skew in Woven andKnitted FabricsD 4850 Terminology Relating to FabricD 5035 Test Method for Breaking Force and Elongation ofTextile Fabrics (Strip Method)D 5587 Test Method for Tearing Strength of Fabrics byTrapezoid ProcedureE84 Test Method for Surface Burni
12、ng Characteristics ofBuilding MaterialsE 108 Test Methods for Fire Tests of Roof CoveringsE 136 Test Method for Behavior of Materials in a VerticalTube Furnace at 750CE 424 Test Methods for Solar Energy Transmittance andReflectance (Terrestrial) of Sheet MaterialsG23 Practice for Operating Light-Exp
13、osure Apparatus1These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D13 onTextiles and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.59 on Fabric TestMethods, General.Current edition approved July 1, 2007. Published August 2007. Originallyapproved in 1988. Last previous edition appro
14、ved in 2003 as D 485197(2003).2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International,
15、100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.(Carbon-Arc Type) With and Without Water for Exposureof Nonmetallic Materials (Discontinued 2001)3G26 Practice for Operating Light-Exposure Apparatus(Xenon-Arc Type) With and Without Water for Exposureof Nonmetallic
16、Materials (Discontinued 2001)3G53 Practice for Operating Light-and Water-Exposure Ap-paratus (Fluorescent UV-Condensation Type) for Exposureof Nonmetallic Materials (Discontinued 2001)32.2 Federal Standards:Federal Test Method Standard 191b, Method 5903, VerticalFlame Resistance of Cloth4NFPA 701 Na
17、tional Fire Protection Standards701 Stan-dard Methods of Fire Tests for Flame Resistant Textilesand Films53. Terminology3.1 For all terminology relating to D13.59, Fabric TestMethods, General, refer to Terminology D 4850.3.1.1 The following terms are relevant to this standard:air-supported roof, arc
18、hitectural-use, coated fabric, fabric roof-system, laminated fabric, tension-supported roof.3.2 For all other terminology related to textiles, refer toTerminology D 123.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 A summary of the directions prescribed for the determi-nation of specific properties is stated in the
19、appropriate sectionsof specific methods or in the referenced test methods.5. Significance and Use5.1 The procedures in this standard can be used for accep-tance testing of commercial shipments of coated and laminatedfabrics for architectural use since these test methods have beenused extensively in
20、the trade for acceptance testing. Caution isadvised, however, when testing adhesion of coating to fabricand breaking strength after crease fold because betweenlaboratory precision is known to be poor (see 24.2). For thesecases, comparative tests conducted, as directed in 5.1.1, may beadvisable.5.1.1
21、 In cases of a dispute arising from differences inreported test results when using Test Methods D 4851 foracceptance testing of commercial shipments, the purchaser andthe supplier should conduct comparative tests to determine ifthere is a statistical bias between their laboratories. Competentstatist
22、ical assistance is recommended for the investigation ofbias. As a minimum, the two parties should take a group of testspecimens which are as homogeneous as possible and from alot of material of the type in question. The test specimensshould then be randomly assigned in equal numbers to eachlaborator
23、y for testing. The average results from the twolaboratories should be compared using appropriate statisticalanalysis for unpaired data and an acceptable probability levelchosen by the two parties before the testing is begun. If a biasis found, either its cause must be found and corrected or thepurch
24、aser and the supplier must agree to interpret future testresults with consideration of the known bias.5.2 The uses and significance of specific properties arediscussed in the appropriate sections of specific test methods.6. Sampling6.1 Lot SizeThe size of an acceptance sampling lot offabric for arch
25、itectural use shall be the number of fabric rollsin a shipment or consignment of a single fabric style unlessotherwise agreed upon between the purchaser and supplier.6.2 Lot SampleUnless otherwise agreed upon, as whenspecified in an applicable order or contract, take as a lot samplethe number of rol
26、ls in a shipment or consignment of fabric.Specify the number of rolls of fabric in the lot sample for eachproperty of interest. Consider rolls of fabric to be the primarysampling units.NOTE 1An adequate specification or other agreement between thepurchaser and supplier requires taking into account t
27、he variability betweenrolls of fabric and between specimens from a swatch or roll of fabric toprovide a sampling plan with a meaningful producers risk, consumersrisk, acceptable quality level, and limiting quality level.6.3 Laboratory SampleAs a laboratory sample, take thefollowing samples:6.3.1 For
28、 fabric width, fabric bow, and fabric length, therolls in the lot sample serve as the laboratory sample.6.3.2 For noise reduction coefficient, flame resistance otherthan small scale NFPA 701, solar optical properties, andresistance to accelerated weathering, take as a laboratorysample a full-width s
29、watch 12 m (12 yd) long from the end ofeach randomly selected roll in the lot sample as determined byagreement between the purchaser and supplier.NOTE 2Properties such as noise reduction coefficient, some flameresistance tests, solar optical, and resistance to weathering are dependentupon fabric sty
30、le and manufacturing processes. The extent of the samplingfor these properties is usually defined in the applicable order or contract.Among the options available to the purchaser and the supplier is for thepurchaser to accept a certification by the manufacturer that the material inquestion meets the
31、 specification agreed upon by the two parties and whatthe basis for the certification is, such as, historical data generated frommaterial manufactured under the same conditions.6.3.3 For other properties take as a laboratory sample afull-width swatch1m(1yd)long from the end of each roll inthe lot sa
32、mple.NOTE 3The sample swatch, as in the laboratory sample, may be takenfrom the end of a roll if there is no visual evidence that the fabric isdistorted or different from the fabric in other parts of the roll. In cases ofdispute or if by visual evidence the outside fabric is not typical, take asampl
33、e swatch after excluding fabric from the outer wrap of the roll or theinner wrap of the core.6.4 Test SpecimensFor fabric width, fabric bow, andfabric length, the rolls in the lot sample serve as test specimens.For other properties, take test specimens from the swatches inthe laboratory sample as di
34、rected in the respective test methodsin this standard.6.4.1 Take the specimens for the measurement of themachine direction properties from different positions across thefabric width and the specimens for the measurement of thecross-machine direction properties from different positions3Withdrawn.4Ava
35、ilable from U.S. Government Printing Office, North Capital and H Streets,NW, Washington, DC 20401.5Although discontinued by the National Fire Protection Association, thisstandard continues to be used by the industry.D4851072along the length of the fabric. Take no specimens nearer theselvage or edge
36、of the fabric than110 the width of the fabric or125 mm (5 in.) whichever is smaller.7. Conditioning7.1 Bring the specimens to moisture equilibrium in one ofthe following atmospheres:7.1.1 Option 1Atemperature of 21 6 2C (70 6 4F) andrelative humidity of 65 6 5%.7.1.2 Option 2Atemperature of 23 6 2C
37、(73 6 4F) andrelative humidity of 50 6 5%.NOTE 4The intent of the two options for testing atmospheres is toallow testing of architectural fabrics in respective laboratories whereproducts generally manufactured are related to a fabric laminating orcoating discipline. In any event, the test atmosphere
38、 option shall be agreedupon by the contractural parties and stated in the report.7.2 Equilibrium is considered to have been reached whenthe increase in mass of the specimen in successive weighingsmade at intervals of not less than 2 h does not exceed 0.1 % ofthe mass of the specimen. In general prac
39、tice, the industryapproaches equilibrium from the “As Received” side.NOTE 5It is recognized that in practice, coated and laminated fabricsare frequently not weighed to determine when moisture equilibrium hasbeen reached. While such a procedure cannot be accepted in cases ofdispute, it may be suffici
40、ent in routine testing to expose the material to thestandard atmosphere for testing for a reasonable period of time before thespecimens are tested. A time of at least 24 h has been found acceptable inmost cases. However, certain fibers and coatings may exhibit slowmoisture equalization rates from th
41、e “As Received” wet side. When this isknown, a preconditioning cycle, as described in Practice D 1776 may beagreed upon between contractual parties.8. Fabric Count8.1 Determine the fabric count as directed in Test MethodD 3775 making five counts in the machine direction and fivecounts in the cross-m
42、achine direction on each of the swatchesfrom the rolls in the laboratory sample.9. Mass Per Unit Area9.1 Determine the mass per unit area of the fabric asdirected in Test Methods D 3776, Option C, using each of therolls in the laboratory sample.10. Thickness10.1 Determine the thickness of the fabric
43、 as directed inMethod D 1777 using ten test specimens from each roll in thelaboratory sample and using the gage with a presser foot witha diameter of 9.5 6 0.025 mm (0.375 6 0.001 in.) that isweighted to apply a total force of 1.70 6 0.03 N (6 6 0.1 ozf)equivalent in pressure of 23.4 kPa (3.4 psi),
44、unless otherwisespecified.11. Width11.1 Determine the width of the fabric as directed in TestMethod D 3774, Option A (full roll), using the tension freeprocedure, except make five measurements on each of the rollsin the lot sample.12. Length12.1 Measure the length of each roll in the lot sample asdi
45、rected in Test Method D 3773 using Option B (DrumMethod) or Option C (Clock Method). Verify that each sampleroll does not contain more than one piece. Total the lengths ofthe rolls measured. Compare the length for each of the rollstested to the length specified on the corresponding identifica-tion l
46、abel.13. Fabric Bow13.1 Measure the fabric bow of each roll in the lot sample asdirected in Test Method D 3882 in three places spaced aswidely as possible along the roll length. Make no measurementcloser to the ends of the roll than1m(1yd).14. Adhesion of Coating to FabricNOTE 6Precaution: In additi
47、on to other precautions, when flam-mable or toxic adhesives are used for sealing, they should be cured in awell-ventilated area, for example, under a hood, to prevent accumulationof vapors. This is also applicable when sealing techniques that do notrequire adhesives are used.14.1 Determine the coati
48、ng adhesion in both machine direc-tion and cross-machine direction as directed in Test MethodsD 751, using two sets of specimens in both the machinedirection and the cross-machine direction. Use a constant-rate-of-extension (CRE) type tensile testing machine operated at 506 3 mm/min (2.0 6 0.1 in./m
49、in) and report the rate used.14.2 The use of hydraulic-pneumatic clamping systems witha minimum of 50 by 75 mm (2 by 3 in.) serrated jaw faces isrecommended. Manual clamping is permitted if no slippage ofthe specimen is observed.14.3 Run the test with the following exception: Prepare testspecimens by sealing two material strips face to back.14.4 Use the sealing method for seams typical to thematerial under test as defined in the Annexes or by anapplicable contract or order. To facilitate separation later, donot seal the upper 25 mm (1 in.) of specimen. Condition th
