1、Designation: D5147/D5147M 18Standard Test Methods forSampling and Testing Modified Bituminous Sheet Material1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5147/D5147M; the number immediately following the designation indicates theyear of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year
2、 of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of lastreapproval. A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 These test methods cover procedures for sampling andtesting prefabricated, reinforced, polymer-modified bituminous
3、sheet materials designed for single- or multiple-ply applicationin roofing and waterproofing membranes. These products mayuse various surfacing materials on one side.1.2 These test methods cover a number of different prod-ucts. Not all tests are required for every product. Only thosecalled out in th
4、e Product Standard are required.1.3 These test methods appear in the following order:SectionSampling 4Conditioning 5Thickness 6Load Strain Properties 7Tear Strength 8Moisture Content 9Water Absorption 10Dimensional Stability 11Low-Temperature Flexibility 12Heat Conditioning 13Accelerated Weathering
5、14Granule Embedment 15Compound Stability 16Coating Thickness 17Low Temperature Unrolling 18Precision and Bias 191.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound unitsare to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated ineach system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, eachsystem s
6、hall be used independently of the other. Combiningvalues from the two systems may result in non-conformancewith the standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish app
7、ro-priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theD
8、evelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D95 Test Method for Water in Petroleum Products andBituminous Materials by DistillationD146/D146M Test Metho
9、ds for Sampling and TestingBitumen-Saturated Felts and Woven Fabrics for Roofingand WaterproofingD1204 Test Method for Linear Dimensional Changes ofNonrigid Thermoplastic Sheeting or Film at ElevatedTemperatureD4073 Test Method for Tensile-Tear Strength of BituminousRoofing MembranesD4798/D4798M Pra
10、ctice for Accelerated Weathering TestConditions and Procedures for Bituminous Materials(Xenon-Arc Method)D4977/D4977M Test Method for Granule Adhesion to Min-eral Surfaced Roofing by AbrasionD5636/D5636M Test Method for Low Temperature Unroll-ing of Felt or Sheet Roofing and Waterproofing MaterialsD
11、5869/D5869M Practice for Dark Oven Heat Exposure ofRoofing and Waterproofing MaterialsD6162/D6162M Specification for Styrene Butadiene Sty-rene (SBS) Modified Bituminous Sheet Materials Using aCombination of Polyester and Glass Fiber ReinforcementsD6163/D6163M Specification for Styrene Butadiene Sty
12、-rene (SBS) Modified Bituminous Sheet Materials UsingGlass Fiber ReinforcementsD6164/D6164M Specification for Styrene Butadiene Sty-rene (SBS) Modified Bituminous Sheet Materials UsingPolyester ReinforcementsD6222/D6222M Specification for Atactic Polypropylene(APP) Modified Bituminous Sheet Material
13、s Using Poly-ester ReinforcementsD6223/D6223M Specification for Atactic Polypropylene1These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D08 onRoofing and Waterproofing and are the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeD08.04 on Felts, Fabrics and Bituminous Sheet Materials.Current editi
14、on approved July 1, 2018. Published August 2018. Originallyapproved in 1991. Last previous edition approved in 2014 as D5147/D5147M 14.DOI: 10.1520/D5147_D5147M-18.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Boo
15、k of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recogni
16、zed principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.1(APP) Modified Bituminous Sheet Materials Using aCombination of Po
17、lyester and Glass Fiber ReinforcementsD6298/D6298M Specification for Fiberglass ReinforcedStyrene-Butadiene-Styrene (SBS) Modified BituminousSheets with a Factory Applied Metal SurfaceD6509/D6509M Specification for Atactic Polypropylene(APP) Modified Bituminous Base Sheet Materials UsingGlass Fiber
18、ReinforcementsE177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias inASTM Test MethodsE691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study toDetermine the Precision of a Test Method3. Significance and Use3.1 These test methods are used for sampling and testingmodified bitumen sheet materials. Prop
19、erty requirements, de-termined by these test methods, are found in the followingproduct standards: Specifications D6162/D6162M, D6163/D6163M, D6164/D6164M, D6222/D6222M, D6223/D6223M,D6298/D6298M, and D6509/D6509M.4. Sampling4.1 From each shipment or fraction thereof, select at randoma number of rol
20、ls equal to one half the cube root of the totalnumber of rolls in the lot. If the calculated number is fractional,express it as the next highest whole number. For convenience,a table showing the number of rolls to be selected from the lotsof various sizes is given in Test Method D146/D146M. Whenmutu
21、ally agreed upon by the concerned parties, other samplingfrequencies may be used and reported within the framework ofthese procedures. The minimum sample shall consist of fiverolls. The rolls so selected constitute the representative sampleused for all subsequent observations and tests pertaining to
22、 thelot of material being examined.5. Conditioning5.1 Unless otherwise specified, condition test specimens fora minimum of4hat236 2C 73.4 6 4F and 50 6 5%relative humidity before testing.6. Thickness6.1 The thickness measuring device shall be a micrometerof the dial or digital-electronic type capabl
23、e of measuringdimensions to an accuracy of 0.1 mm 0.004 in. The microm-eter shall be equipped with a flat, circular presser foot with adiameter greater or equal to 9.5 mm 0.375 in. and less than 32mm 1.25 in. During operation, contact between the presserfoot and the specimen shall be maintained eith
24、er by a springinside the micrometer or by the weight of the presser foot andattached parts.6.2 One specimen shall be obtained from each of the rollsselected in accordance with the Sampling section of these testmethods. Each specimen shall be at least 700 mm 2712 in. inlength by the manufactured widt
25、h of the roll. Five measure-ments of sheet thickness and five measurements of selvagethickness shall be taken on each specimen. All measurementsshall be taken in a manner that requires the presser foot tocontact the side of the sheet that is intended to be exposedwhen applied in accordance with the
26、manufacturers instruc-tions.NOTE 1When measuring products with particulate surfaces, wipingparticles from the presser foot between measurements is recommended toprevent buildup of particles that may result in inaccurate measurements.6.2.1 Take five measurements of the sheet thickness along aline par
27、allel to cross-machine direction. Two of the fivemeasurements shall be taken 150 6 15 mm 6 6 0.5 in. fromeach edge of the specimen. The remaining three measurementsshall be taken at three points approximately equally spaced(615 mm 0.5 in.) between these two points. Refer to Fig. 1for an illustration
28、 of the sheet thickness measurement loca-tions.6.2.2 Take five measurements of the selvage thickness alonga line parallel to machine direction. The measurements are tobe taken midway between the surfacing edge and the sheetedge or, in the case of smooth products, midway between thelaying line and th
29、e sheet edge, and spaced 150 6 15 mm 6 60.5 in. apart. Refer to Fig. 1 for an illustration of the selvagethickness measurement locations.6.3 For each specimen, report the individual pointmeasurements, mean, and standard deviation for both the sheetthickness and selvage thickness measurements.6.4 Cal
30、culate the mean of the specimen sheet thicknessmeans and report this value as sample sheet thickness. Calcu-late the mean of the specimen selvage thickness means andreport this value as sample selvage thickness. Unless otherwiserequired by the standard product specification that referencesthese test
31、 methods, sample sheet thickness and sample selvagethickness are the values used for comparison with the productspecification requirements.6.5 Precision and Bias:6.5.1 Interlaboratory Test ProgramInterlaboratory studieswere run in which randomly drawn test specimens of threematerials (sand-surfaced
32、SBS-modified base sheet, fiberglass-reinforced SBS-modified cap sheet, and polyester-reinforcedAPP-modified cap sheet) were tested for sample sheet thick-ness and sample selvage thickness in each of eleven laborato-ries. Each laboratory tested two sets of five specimens of eachmaterial. Practice E69
33、1 was followed for the experimentaldesign and analysis of the data. Details of the experiment areavailable in ASTM Research Reports RR:D08-1010 andRR:D08-1011.3,46.5.2 Test ResultThe precision information given belowfor sheet thickness and selvage thickness in the units ofmeasurement (millimetres) i
34、s for the comparison of two testresults, each of which is the average of five test determinations.6.5.3 Precision:3Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and maybe obtained by requesting Research Report RR:D08-1010.4Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International He
35、adquarters and maybe obtained by requesting Research Report RR:D08-1011.D5147/D5147M 182SelvageThicknessSheet ThicknessTest range 1.952 to 2.706mm1.959 to 3.824mmr, 95 % repeatability limit(within a laboratory)0.088 mm(0.040 to 0.157mm)0.048 mm(0.039 to 0.054mm)R, 95 % reproducibility limit(between
36、laboratories)0.281 mm(0.148 to 0.366mm)0.252 mm(0.239 to 0.277mm)The above terms (repeatability limit and reproducibility limit)are used as specified in Practice E177. The respective standarddeviations among test results may be obtained by dividing theabove limit values by 2.8.6.5.4 BiasSince there
37、is no accepted reference materialsuitable for determining the bias for the procedure in this testmethod for measuring sheet thickness and selvage thickness,no statement on bias is being made.7. Load Strain Properties7.1 This test method covers the determination of the loadstrain (tensile elongation
38、and strain energy) properties ofpolymer-modified bituminous sheets.7.1.1 SpecimensPrepare five specimens from each sampleroll in both the longitudinal and transverse directions for eachtemperature to be tested. Specimens shall be 25 mm 1.0 in.wide by a minimum of 150 mm 6.0 in. long for sheetmateria
39、ls having an ultimate elongation of 75 % or less at18C 0F. Specimens shall be 12.5 mm 0.5 in. wide by aminimum of 100 mm 4.0 in. long for materials having anultimate elongation of greater than 75 % at 18C 0F.7.1.2 Procedure:7.1.2.1 Condition each specimen at least 2 h at the selectedtest temperature
40、. If conditioning is done outside the machineclamps, allow the specimen to equilibrate at the testingtemperature for at least 15 min before the testing force isapplied.7.1.2.2 Test specimens at both 23 6 2C 73.4 6 4F and18 6 2C 0 6 4F.7.1.2.3 Use a constant rate of elongation (CRE) tensiontesting ma
41、chine, preferably with automatic load and strainrecording equipment, and clamps that permit a uniform clamp-ing pressure on the specimen without slipping. The initialclamp separation shall be 75 6 2 mm 3.0 6 0.1 in. for sheetmaterials having an ultimate elongation of 75 % or less at18C 0F, and 50 6
42、2 mm 2.0 6 0.1 in. for sheet materialshaving an ultimate elongation greater than 75 % at 18C0F.7.1.2.4 Maintain a rate of separation of 50 mm/min 63%2.0 in./min 63 % for specimens tested at 23 6 2C 73.4 64F and a rate of separation of 2.0 mm/min 63 % 0.08in./min 63 % for specimens tested at 18 6 2C
43、0 6 4F.FIG. 1 Location of Thickness MeasurementsD5147/D5147M 1837.1.2.5 An alternative clamping method can be used forhigh tensile materials that slip in conventional jaws. Clamp thespecimen in the jaws so that the length or width is aligned withthe axis of the jaws.7.1.2.6 Use a cylindrical stop in
44、 each jaw such as shown inFig. 2 for membranes difficult to clamp.7.1.2.7 Record the percent elongation of each specimen atspecimen break and also at peak load using an extensometer, orcalculate the percent elongation at specimen break and also atpeak load from the chart of the stress versus time kn
45、owing thespeed of the chart drive and the jaw separation rate.7.1.2.8 Record the breaking load and peak load of eachspecimen.7.1.3 Calculation:7.1.3.1 Determine the percent elongation at break obtainedfrom the extensometer in accordance with the manufacturersinstructions, or read directly, calculate
46、 the percent elongationdetermined from the chart, without an extensometer, as fol-lows:Percent elongation 5a 2 bb3100at break (1)where:a = jaw separation at specimen break,=maximum extension on chart3jaw separation ratechart speedandb = initial jaw separation.7.1.3.2 Determine the average percent el
47、ongation at break ineach direction and the deviation of percent elongation at breakin each direction based on the total number of measurementstaken.7.1.3.3 Calculate the percent elongation at peak load ob-tained from the extensometer in accordance with the manufac-turers instructions, or read direct
48、ly, calculate the strain at peakload determined from the chart, without an extensometer, asfollows:percent elongation 5c 2 bb3100at peak load (2)where:c = jaw separation at maximum load,=maximum extension on chart3jaw separation ratechart speedandb = initial jaw separation.7.1.3.4 Calculate the aver
49、age percent elongation at peakload in each direction and the standard deviation of percentelongation at peak load in each direction based on the totalnumber of measurements taken.7.1.3.5 Calculate the average breaking load in each direc-tion and the standard deviation of the breaking loads in eachdirection based on the total number of measurements taken.7.1.3.6 Calculate the average peak load in each directionand the standard deviation of the peak loads in each directionbased on the total number of
