1、Designation: D5286 01 (Reapproved 2017)Standard Test Methods forDetermination of Transfer Efficiency Under GeneralProduction Conditions for Spray Application of Paints1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5286; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year ofori
2、ginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 These test methods cover the determination of thetransfer effi
3、ciency of spray-applied coatings under generalplant conditions. Transfer efficiency is the ratio of paint solidsdeposited to the total paint solids used during the applicationprocess, expressed as a percent.1.2 The transfer efficiency is calculated from the weight orvolume of the paint solids spraye
4、d and that of the paint solidsdeposited on the painted part.1.3 Limitations include the ability to accurately determinethe amount of paint solids deposited on the part and thecapability of accurate measurement of the amount of paintsprayed.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thes
5、tandard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.NOTE 1These test methods apply to general plant production equip-ment and procedures.Amethod specific to automotive plants is defined inTest Method D5066.NOTE 2The relationship between volatile organic compound emissionrates and transf
6、er efficiency in automobile and light duty truck topcoatoperations, EPA 450/3-88-01, referenced in Test Method D5066 does notapply to general production facilities.NOTE 3A single-point transfer efficiency measurement may notrepresent the entire process.NOTE 4The operator and the spray-application eq
7、uipment-operatingconditions during the transfer efficiency measurement should be represen-tative of normal operating conditions.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish
8、appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazardstatements see Section 7, and 10.3.1.NOTE 5These test methods have not been adopted by federalregulatory agencies for demonstration of compliance with air pollutionreg
9、ulations such as VOC, HAPS, etc.1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade O
10、rganization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D1005 Test Method for Measurement of Dry-Film Thick-ness of Organic Coatings Using MicrometersD1186 Test Methods for Nondestructive Measurement ofDry Film Thickness of Nonmagnetic Coatings Applied toa F
11、errous Base (Withdrawn 2006)3D1200 Test Method for Viscosity by Ford Viscosity CupD1400 Test Method for Nondestructive Measurement of DryFilm Thickness of Nonconductive Coatings Applied to aNonferrous Metal Base (Withdrawn 2006)3D1475 Test Method For Density of Liquid Coatings, Inks,and Related Prod
12、uctsD2369 Test Method for Volatile Content of CoatingsD2697 Test Method for Volume Nonvolatile Matter in Clearor Pigmented CoatingsD3925 Practice for Sampling Liquid Paints and RelatedPigmented CoatingsD5066 Test Method for Determination of the Transfer Effi-ciency Under Production Conditions for Sp
13、ray Applica-tion of Automotive PaintsWeight Basis1These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 onPaint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and are the directresponsibility of Subcommittee D01.55 on Factory Applied Coatings on PreformedProducts.Current edition app
14、roved June 1, 2017. Published June 2017. Originallyapproved in 1993. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as D5286 01 (2011).DOI: 10.1520/D5286-01R17.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMSta
15、ndards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis interna
16、tional standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Commi
17、ttee.12.2 U.S. Government Standards:EPA 4503-88-018 U.S. Environmental Protection AgencyProtocol for Determining the Daily Volatile OrganicCompound Emission Rate of Automobile and Light DutyTruck Topcoat Operations4EPAFederal Reference Method 24 Determination of VolatileMatter Content, Water Content
18、, Density, Volume Solids,and Weight Solids of Surface Coatings. 40 Code ofFederal Regulations, Part 60, Appendix A42.3 National Fire Protection Documents:NFPA 33 SprayApplication Using Flammable and Combus-tible Materials5NFPA 86 Standard for Ovens and Furnaces53. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms
19、 Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 paint, nthe liquid material applied to coat or coverthe surface of the part.3.1.2 transfer effciency (volume), nthe ratio of the volumeof paint solids deposited to the volume of the paint solidssprayed, expressed as a percent.3.1.3 transfer effciency (weight), nthe r
20、atio of the weightof paint solids deposited to the weight of the paint solidssprayed, expressed as a percent.3.1.4 volume of paint solids, nthe difference in the volumeof the paint solids on the part before painting and the volumeof the paint solids on the part after painting.3.1.5 volume percent so
21、lids, nthe solids content as percentof the total volume of a sample of paint used.3.1.6 weight of paint solids, nthe difference in the weightof the part before painting and the weight of the part afterpainting and baking.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 The weight of liquid paint used per part is determ
22、ined(Procedure A). The weight solids content of the paint materialis determined and used to calculate the paint solids sprayed.The transfer efficiency is calculated by dividing the weight ofthe paint solids deposited by the weight of the paint solidssprayed.4.2 The volume of paint solids used per pa
23、rt is determined(Procedure B). The volume solids of the paint material isdetermined and used to calculate the paint solids sprayed. Thetransfer efficiency is calculated by dividing the volume of thepaint solids deposited by the volume of the paint solidssprayed.5. Significance and Use5.1 Subject to
24、the limitations listed in 1.3, these test meth-ods can be used to optimize paint application processes.6. Apparatus6.1 Laboratory Scale, accurate to 60.001 g.6.2 Tension Load Cells or Comparable Platform Scales,accurate to 60.02 mg (0.05 lb).6.3 Film Thickness Gage, see Test Methods D1005, D1186,and
25、 D1400 for type of film thickness measurement of device.6.4 Targets, consisting of the parts to be coated.Aminimumof two targets is required. The larger the number of targets, thegreater the accuracy of the test.6.5 Rule and Calipers, for measuring the diameter of thepaint supply tank or pot, tank a
26、gitator shaft, etc.6.6 Sample Containers, clean, dry, for sampling the paintmaterial.7. Hazards7.1 For specific hazard information and guidance, consultthe suppliers Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for the materials used.8. Paint Usage Measurement Procedures8.1 Transfer efficiency measurement requires that
27、accuratemeasurement be made of the quantity of paint material used inthe application process during the time period associated withthe coating of the parts.Two general methods are applicable foraccurately measuring paint usage.8.1.1 The preferred method is to determine the weight ofpaint used during
28、 the application period studied.8.1.2 Where direct paint usage measurement by weight isnot practical, an alternative approach for determining paintusage by volume is given. The latter approach involvesmeasuring the drop in paint level in the paint supply tank (pot)during the application period studi
29、ed.8.1.3 Where paint meter/mix equipment is used to directlyfeed paint application equipment, paint-component meter read-ings shall be deemed reliable when the meter is properlycalibrated in accordance with the equipment manufacturerscalibration instructions or local calibration procedures.9. Paint
30、Usage Determination by Weight ProcedureProcedure A9.1 Level and calibrate the weighing device for weighingthe paint supply tank (pot).9.2 If an electronic weighing device is used, it must beturned on long enough to achieve stability, following themanufacturers directions. All weighing devices must b
31、e situ-ated to minimize disturbance from vibration or air movement.9.3 Introduce the material reduced to spray viscosity, intothe supply tank (pot) to be weighed. Before the test isconducted, be certain that fluid flows are properly set, that allsupply and return lines are filled with the paint, and
32、 that noleaks are present in the piping system.9.4 Shut off the paint supply tank (pot) agitator to minimizevibration during the weighing process.9.5 Weigh the paint supply tank (pot) before the test partsare run. Weigh the tank until two consecutive measurements4Available from U.S. Government Print
33、ing Office Superintendent of Documents,732 N. Capitol St., NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401, http:/www.access.gpo.gov.5Available from National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), 1 BatterymarchPark, Quincy, MA 02169-7471, http:/www.nfpa.org.D5286 01 (2017)2are obtained within the measurement
34、 accuracy of the weighingdevice. Average the two readings and record, Pi.9.6 After painting the test parts, reweigh the paint supplytank (pot) as in 9.5 and record, Pf.Paint Deposited Determination by Weight Measurement Method,Procedure A9.7 Set up the paint supply equipment to the spray apparatusin
35、 accordance with the manufacturers instructions.9.8 Ground all electrically conductive objects in the sprayarea, in accordance with Chapter 9.11 of NFPA 33. Except forthose objects required by the process to be at high voltage.9.9 Prior to running the test, agitate the test paint in a paintsupply ta
36、nk (pot) at least 30 min before paint samples aretaken.9.10 Using an airtight container, take a paint grab samplefrom the paint supply tank (pot) in accordance with PracticeD3925.9.11 Determine and record the following from the paintsample:9.11.1 Paint viscosity in accordance with Test MethodD1200,9
37、.11.2 Weight percent solids in accordance with TestMethod D2369. If the baking temperature in Test MethodD2369 is inadequate, use the manufacturers recommendedcure schedule, and9.11.3 Electrical resistivity for samples applied electrostati-cally.9.12 Number each part, before weighing, using a perman
38、entmarking pen.9.13 Weigh each part and record the uncoated weight, WIand the part number.9.14 Attach the preweighed, labeled parts to the part holder.9.15 If electrostatic equipment is used, the resistance shallbe less than 1 106 between the target and earth ground inaccordance with Chapter 9.8 of
39、NFPA 33.9.16 Adjust the following equipment operating parameters,as appropriate, to the values desired for testing:9.16.1 Paint fluid pressure, at spray gun, psi (kPa),9.16.2 Atomizing air pressure, at spray gun, psi (kPa),9.16.3 Rotating atomizer head speed (revolutions per min-ute) with and withou
40、t paint fluid flow,9.16.4 Operating voltage (kilovolts) if electrostatic equip-ment is used,9.16.5 Ambient air temperature, Fahrenheit (Celsius).9.16.6 Paint fluid temperature, Fahrenheit (Celsius) and9.16.7 Relative humidity (percent).9.17 For electrostatic spray equipment, measure the operat-ing v
41、oltage and adjust it according to the manufacturersinstructions.9.18 Run a control part weighing before, Wciand after, Wcfthe drying step. Do not apply paint to the control part. Thecontrol part is used to determine if there is any weight lossfrom miscellaneous materials that may occur in the drying
42、 step.9.19 Turn on the paint spray equipment. Maintain a uniformpaint flow during the test.9.20 Turn off the paint spray equipment when the requirednumber of parts have been painted.9.21 Bake the painted parts per the manufacturers recom-mended cure schedule.9.22 Allow the parts to cool to room temp
43、erature prior toweighing. Weighings should be repeated until the two weightsare within the accuracy of the measuring equipment.9.23 Record the weights for the coated parts, Wf.10. Paint Usage Determination by Volume ProcedureProcedure B10.1 Measure the inside diameter of the paint supply tank(pot) a
44、nd calculate the cross sectional area of the tank. If anyobjects are in the measurement zone such as agitator shafts, fillpipes, etc, the cross sectional area of these objects must bedetermined and the values subtracted from the cross sectionalarea of the tank. The difference is the net cross sectio
45、nal area.10.2 Introduce the material, reduced to spray viscosity, intothe supply tank (pot) to be measured. Before the test isconducted, be certain that fluid flows are properly set, that allsupply and return lines are filled with the paint, and that noleaks are present in the piping system.10.3 Rec
46、ord the paint supply tank (pot) levels before andafter the test. Take the initial reading just prior to painting thefirst test part. Take the final reading just after the last part hasbeen painted. Make sure that the measurements are taken to thenearest116 in. with a measuring stick. Measurements ar
47、e madefrom the top of the paint supply tank (pot) to the top of theliquid level. The top of the paint supply tank (pot) is deter-mined by laying a straightedge across the top of the paintsupply tank (pot) in the same position for each measurement.The volume of any objects in the measurement zone suc
48、h asagitator shafts, fill pipes, etc. must be subtracted from the totalvolume. Calculate the volume of paint used, V by multiplyingthis difference in liquid levels, before and after the test by thenet cross sectional area determined in 10.1.10.3.1 Warning: Measuring devices used in this proceduremus
49、t be effectively grounded before contacting the paintsupply tank (pot) or the liquid surface of the paint.Paint Deposited Determination by Volume MeasurementMethod, Procedure B10.4 Set up the paint supply equipment to the spray appa-ratus in accordance with the manufacturers instructions.10.5 Ground all electrically conductive objects in the sprayarea, except those objects required by the process to be at highvoltage in accordance with Chapter 9 to 11 of NFPA 33.10.6 Prior to running the test, agitate the test paint in a paintsupply tank (pot) at l
