1、Designation: D5418 07D5418 15Standard Test Method forPlastics: Dynamic Mechanical Properties: In Flexure (DualCantilever Beam)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5418; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revisio
2、n, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This test method outlines the use of dynamic mechanical instrumentation for determining and reporting
3、the viscoelasticproperties of thermoplastic and thermosetting resins and composite systems in the form of rectangular bars molded directly or cutfrom sheets, plates, or molded shapes. The elastic modulus data generated may be used to identify the thermomechanical propertiesof a plastics material or
4、composition.1.2 This test method is intended to provide a means for determining the viscoelastic properties of a wide variety of plastics usingnonresonant, forced-vibration techniques as outlined in Practice D4065. In particular, this method identifies the procedures usedto measure properties using
5、what is known as a dual-cantilever beam flexure arrangement. Plots of the elastic (storage) modulus,loss (viscous) modulus, and complex modulus, and tan delta as a function of frequency, time, or temperature are indicative ofsignificant transitions in the thermomechanical performance of the polymeri
6、c material systems.1.3 This test method is valid for a wide range of frequencies, typically from 0.01 to 100 Hz.1.4 Apparent discrepancies may arise in results obtained under differing experimental conditions. These apparent differencesfrom results observed in another study can usually be reconciled
7、, without changing the observed data, by reporting in full (asdescribed in this test method) the conditions under which the data were obtained.1.5 Test data obtained by this test method are relevant and appropriate for use in engineering design.1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
8、 standard.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.NOTE 1T
9、here is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for TestingD4065 Practice for Plastics: Dynamic Mechanical Properties: Determination and Report of ProceduresD4092 Terminology for Plastics: Dynamic Mechanical Properti
10、esD5279 Test Method for Plastics: Dynamic Mechanical Properties: In Torsion3. Terminology3.1 For definitions applicable to this practice see Terminology Standard D4092.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 This test method covers the determination of the elastic modulus of plastics using dynamic mechanical t
11、echniques. A barof rectangular cross section is tested as a beam in dynamic linear displacement or bending. The dual-cantilever beam specimenis gripped between two clamps. The specimen of known geometry is placed in mechanical linear displacement, with the1 This test method is under the jurisdiction
12、 of ASTM Committee D20 on Plastics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.10 on Mechanical Properties.Current edition approved March 15, 2007July 1, 2015. Published April 2007July 2015. Originally approved in 1993. Last previous edition approved in 20012007 asD5418 - 01.D5418 - 07. DOI
13、: 10.1520/D5418-07.10.1520/D5418-15.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an A
14、STM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In
15、all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1displace
16、ment strain or deformation applied at the center of the dual-cantilever beam. The forced-strain displacement is at eithera fixed frequency or variable frequencies, and at either isothermal conditions or with a linear temperature variation. The elastic orloss modulus, or both, of the polymeric materi
17、al system are measured in flexure.35. Significance and Use5.1 This test method provides a simple means of characterizing the thermomechanical behavior of plastic compositions usinga very small amount of material. Since small test specimen geometries are used, it is essential that the specimens be re
18、presentativeof the material being tested. The data obtained can be used for quality control and/or research and development purposes. For someclasses of materials, such as thermosets, it can also be used to establish optimum processing conditions.5.2 Dynamic mechanical testing provides a sensitive m
19、eans for determining thermomechanical characteristics by measuring theelastic and loss moduli as a function of frequency, temperature, or time. Plots of moduli and tan delta of a material versus thesevariables can be used to provide a graphic representation indicative of functional properties, effec
20、tiveness of cure (thermosetting-resin systems), and damping behavior under specified conditions.5.3 This test method can be used to assess the following:5.3.1 The modulus as a function of temperature or aging, or both,5.3.2 The modulus as a function of frequency,5.3.3 The effects of processing treat
21、ment, including orientation, induced stress, and degradation of physical and chemicalstructure,5.3.4 Relative resin behavioral properties, including cure and damping,5.3.5 The effects of substrate types and orientation (fabrication) on elastic modulus, and5.3.6 The effects of formulation additives t
22、hat might affect processability or performance.performance,5.3.7 The effects of annealing on modulus and glass transition temperature,5.3.8 The effect of aspect ratio on the modulus of fiber reinforcements, and5.3.9 The effect of fillers, additives on modulus and glass transition temperature.5.4 Bef
23、ore proceeding with this test method, refer to the specification of the material being tested. Any test specimenpreparation, conditioning, dimensions, or testing parameters, or combination thereof, covered in the relevant ASTM materialspecification shall take precedence over those mentioned in this
24、test method. If there are no relevantASTM material specifications,then the default conditions apply.6. Apparatus6.1 The function of the apparatus is to hold a rectangular cross-sectional bar so that the material acts as the elastic anddissipative element in a mechanically driven linear displacement
25、system. Dynamic mechanical instruments described in thisstandard generally operate in a forced, constant amplitude mode at either a fixed frequency or variable frequencies.6.2 The apparatus consists of the following:6.2.1 Fixed GripsA fixed or essentially stationary fixture consisting of two grips t
26、o secure the rectangular specimenhorizontally in a dual cantilever configuration.6.2.2 Movable GripA movable grip applying the linear displacement at the center of the rectangular beam.6.2.3 Grip AlignmentsThe grips shall be mechanically aligned or centered, that is, they shall be attached in such a
27、 manner thatthey will move into alignment as soon as any load is applied.6.2.3.1 The test specimen shall be held in such a way that slippage relative to the grips is minimized as much as possible.6.2.4 Deformation (Strain) DeviceA device for applying a continuous linear deformation (strain) to the s
28、pecimen. In theforce-displacement device the deformation (strain) is applied and then released (see Table 1 of Practice D4065).6.2.5 DetectorsA device or devices for determining dependent and independent experimental parameters, such as force(stress), deformation (strain), frequency, and temperature
29、. Temperature should be measurable with a precision of 61C, frequency,strain, and force to 61 %.6.2.6 Temperature Controller and OvenAdevice for controlling the temperature, either by heating (in steps or ramps), cooling(in steps or ramps), or maintaining a constant specimen environment, or a combin
30、ation thereof. A temperature controller shouldbe sufficiently stable to permit measurement of environmental chamber temperature to within 1C.6.3 Nitrogen, or other inert-gas supply for purging purposes if appropriate.7. Test Specimens7.1 The specimens may be cut from sheets, plates, or molded shapes
31、 or may be molded to the desired finished dimensions.Anyrectangular specimen (representative of the material being tested and within the fixturing capabilities of the test equipment) ispermitted as long as it is clearly stated in the test report.3 The particular method for measurement of the elastic
32、 and loss moduli and tan delta depends upon the individual instruments operating principles.D5418 1527. Test Specimens7.1 The specimens may be cut from sheets, plates, or molded shapes or may be molded to the desired finished dimensions.Anyrectangular specimen (representative of the material being t
33、ested and within the fixturing capabilities of the test equipment) ispermitted as long as it is clearly stated in the test report.8. Calibration8.1 Calibrate the instrument according to procedures recommended by the manufacturer.9. Conditioning9.1 ConditioningCondition the test specimens at 23.0 6 2
34、.0C and 50 6 5 %10 % relative humidity for not fewer than 40h prior to test in accordance with Procedure A of Practice D618 unless otherwise specified by contract or relevant ASTM materialspecification.10. Procedure10.1 Use an untested specimen for each measurement. Measure the width and thickness o
35、f the specimen to the nearest 0.03 mm(0.001 in.) at the center of the specimen.10.2 Clamp the test specimen between the movable and stationary members; use shim stock, if necessary, to minimize slippagewithin the clamp.10.3 Pre-load the test specimen so that there is a positive force. The positive p
36、re-load should be sufficient to maintain a positivedeflection during testing unless the test mode allows a zero-displacement measurement.10.4 Measure the length of the specimen between the stationary end grips to the nearest 0.03 mm (0.001 in.).10.5 Select the desired frequency (or frequencies) for
37、dynamic linear displacement.10.6 Select the linear displacement amplitude within the linear elastic region of the material being tested. If the linear elasticregion is not known, perform a strain sweep at ambient temperature to determine an appropriate amplitude.10.7 Temperature Sweep:10.7.1 Tempera
38、ture variations shall be controlled to 1 to 2C/min for linear increases or to 2 to 5C/min with a minimum of1-min thermal-soak time for step increases.10.8 The tan delta peak will coincide with a significant decrease in the E (elastic or storage) modulus, with increasingtemperature, through the glass
39、-transition region. Another indication of the glass-transition is a maximum value of the E“ (loss orviscous) modulus.11. Calculation11.1 The equations listed in Practice D4065 are used to calculate the important rheological properties measured in forced,nonresonant dynamic displacement,where:E = sto
40、rage (elastic) modulus in bending,E“ = loss (viscous) modulus in bending,E* = complex modulus in bending, and* = tan delta.11. Calculation11.1 The equations listed in Practice D4065 are used to calculate the important rheological properties measured in forced,nonresonant dynamic displacement where:E
41、 = storage (elastic) modulus in bending,E“ = loss (viscous) modulus in bending,E* = complex modulus in bending, andTan = tan delta.12. Report12.1 Report the following information:12.1.1 Complete identification of the material tested, including type, source, manufacturers code, number, form, principa
42、ldimensions, and previous processing or thermal history, or both, if available,12.1.2 Description and direction of cutting and loading specimen, including pre-load force,12.1.3 Conditioning procedure,D5418 15312.1.4 Description of the instrument used for the test,12.1.5 Description of the calibratio
43、n procedure,12.1.6 Identification of the sample atmosphere by gas composition, purity, and rate used if appropriate,12.1.7 Width and thickness of specimen,12.1.8 Grip separation distance of the beam,12.1.9 Frequency of dynamic displacement,12.1.10 Amplitude of displacement,12.1.11 Thermal gradient;
44、heat rateheating rate, if appropriate,12.1.12 Number of specimens tested,12.1.13 Table of data and results, including moduli and tan delta as a function of temperature or of time as appropriate, and12.1.14 A plot of the modulus (moduli) and tan delta as a function of temperature or of time as approp
45、riate (see Fig. 1).13. Precision and Bias13.1 The repeatability standard deviation has been determined for the following materials. A single laboratory evaluated apolyurethane sample and the values in Table 1 were obtained with the same test method in the same laboratory by the same operatorusing th
46、e same equipment in the shortest practical period of time using test specimens taken at random from a single quantity ofhomogeneous material. This laboratory tested the same polyurethane material used for the precision and bias statement in TestMethod D5279 and obtained the results in Table 1.TABLE
47、1 Dual Cantilever Beam, Elastic Modulus, E (E9 Pa) or (E10 dynes/cm2) at Selected Temperatures40C 0CMean 1.162 0.04953Standard deviation 0.004 0.0037314. Keywords14.1 dual cantilever; dynamic mechanical rheological properties; linear displacement; modulus (storage;storage; viscous; lossmodulus; and
48、complex); complex; tan delta; viscoelastic behaviorSUMMARY OF CHANGESCommittee D20 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue(D5418 - 99D5418 - 07) that may impact the use of this standard. (March 15, 2007)(July 1, 2015)(1) PunctuationAdded 5.3.7was, 5.3.8c
49、orrected., and 5.3.9.(2) PortionsRevised 9.1were, 11.1re-worded for, and 12.1.11clarification(3) The Significance and UseRevised the title of Table 1subsection .5.4 was revised.FIG. 1 Dynamic Mechanical Modulus in Bending as a Function of Temperature at Different FrequenciesD5418 154ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringem
