1、Designation: D5456 171Standard Specification forEvaluation of Structural Composite Lumber Products1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5456; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision
2、. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1NOTEEditorial corrections were made in July 2017.INTRODUCTIONStructural composite lumber is intended for use as an engineering material for a
3、variety of end-useapplications. The composition of the lumber varies by wood species, adhesive composition, woodelement size, shape, and arrangement. To provide the intended performance, composite lumberproducts require: (1) an evaluation of the mechanical and physical properties and their response
4、toend-use environments, and (2) establishment of and conformance to standard performance specifica-tions for quality.Procedures contained in this specification are also to be used for establishing the design propertiesand for checking the effectiveness of property assignment and quality assurance pr
5、ocedures.The quality assurance sections in this specification are intended to serve as a basis for designingquality-control programs specific to each product. The objective is to ensure that design valuesestablished in the qualification process are maintained.This specification is arranged as follow
6、s:SectionQualification 6Determination of Allowable DesignStresses7Independent Inspection 8Quality Assurance 101. Scope1.1 This specification recognizes the complexity of struc-tural glued products. Consequently, this specification coversboth specific procedures and statements of intent that sampling
7、and analysis must relate to the specific product.1.2 This specification was developed in the light of cur-rently manufactured products as defined in 3.2. Materials thatdo not conform to the definitions are beyond the scope of thisspecification. A brief discussion is found in Appendix X2.1.3 Details
8、of manufacturing procedures are beyond thescope of this specification.NOTE 1There is some potential for manufacturing variables to affectthe properties of members that are loaded for sustained periods of time.Users of this specification are advised to consider the commentary on thistopic in Appendix
9、 X2.1.4 This specification primarily considers end use in dryservice conditions, such as with most protected framingmembers, where the average equilibrium moisture content forsolid-sawn lumber is less than 16 %. The conditioning envi-ronment of 6.3 is considered representative of such uses.1.5 The p
10、erformance of structural composite lumber isaffected by wood species, wood element size and shape, andadhesive and production parameters. Therefore, products pro-duced by each individual manufacturer shall be evaluated todetermine their product properties, regardless of the similarityin characterist
11、ics to products produced by other manufacturers.Where a manufacturer produces product in more than onefacility, each production facility shall be evaluated indepen-dently. For additional production facilities, any revisions to thefull qualification program in accordance with this specificationshall
12、be approved by the independent qualifying agency.1.6 This specification is intended to provide manufacturers,regulatory agencies, and end users with a means to evaluate acomposite lumber product intended for use as a structuralmaterial.1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee
13、D07 on Woodand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D07.02 on Lumber and EngineeredWood Products.Current edition approved March 1, 2017. Published April 2017. Originallyapproved in 1993. Last previous edition approved in 2014 as D5456 14b. DOI:10.1520/D5456-17.Copyright ASTM International, 1
14、00 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and
15、Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.11.7 This specification covers initial qualification sampling,mechanical and physical tests, analysis, and design valueassignments. Requirements for a quality-control program andcumulative evaluations
16、are included to ensure maintenance ofallowable design values for the product.1.8 This specification, or parts thereof, shall be applicable tostructural composite lumber portions of manufactured struc-tural components.1.9 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values
17、 given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.10 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to estab
18、lish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.11 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopm
19、ent of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C177 Test Method for Steady-State Heat Flux Measure-ments and Thermal Transmission Properties by Means ofthe Guarde
20、d-Hot-Plate ApparatusC384 Test Method for Impedance and Absorption of Acous-tical Materials by Impedance Tube MethodC423 Test Method for SoundAbsorption and SoundAbsorp-tion Coefficients by the Reverberation Room MethodD9 Terminology Relating to Wood and Wood-Based Prod-uctsD143 Test Methods for Sma
21、ll Clear Specimens of TimberD150 Test Methods forAC Loss Characteristics and Permit-tivity (Dielectric Constant) of Solid Electrical InsulationD198 Test Methods of Static Tests of Lumber in StructuralSizesD245 Practice for Establishing Structural Grades and Re-lated Allowable Properties for Visually
22、 Graded LumberD669 Test Method for Dissipation Factor and PermittivityParallel with Laminations of Laminated Sheet and PlateMaterials (Withdrawn 2012)3D1037 Test Methods for Evaluating Properties of Wood-Base Fiber and Particle Panel MaterialsD1583 Test Method for Hydrogen Ion Concentration of DryAd
23、hesive FilmsD1666 Test Methods for Conducting Machining Tests ofWood and Wood-Base Panel MaterialsD1761 Test Methods for Mechanical Fasteners in WoodD2132 Test Method for Dust-and-Fog Tracking and ErosionResistance of Electrical Insulating MaterialsD2394 Test Methods for Simulated Service Testing of
24、 Woodand Wood-Base Finish FlooringD2395 Test Methods for Density and Specific Gravity (Rela-tive Density) of Wood and Wood-Based MaterialsD2559 Specification for Adhesives for Bonded StructuralWood Products for Use Under Exterior Exposure Condi-tionsD2718 Test Methods for Structural Panels in Planar
25、 Shear(Rolling Shear)D2915 Practice for Sampling and Data-Analysis for Struc-tural Wood and Wood-Based ProductsD3201 Test Method for Hygroscopic Properties of Fire-Retardant Wood and Wood-Based ProductsD3755 Test Method for Dielectric Breakdown Voltage andDielectric Strength of Solid Electrical Insu
26、lating MaterialsUnder Direct-Voltage StressD4300 Test Methods for Ability of Adhesive Films toSupport or Resist the Growth of FungiD4442 Test Methods for Direct Moisture Content Measure-ment of Wood and Wood-Based MaterialsD4761 Test Methods for Mechanical Properties of Lumberand Wood-Base Structura
27、l MaterialD4933 Guide for Moisture Conditioning of Wood andWood-Based MaterialsD5055 Specification for Establishing and Monitoring Struc-tural Capacities of Prefabricated Wood I-JoistsD5457 Specification for Computing Reference Resistance ofWood-Based Materials and Structural Connections forLoad and
28、 Resistance Factor DesignD5764 Test Method for Evaluating Dowel-Bearing Strengthof Wood and Wood-Based ProductsD6815 Specification for Evaluation of Duration of Load andCreep Effects of Wood and Wood-Based ProductsD7247 Test Method for Evaluating the Shear Strength ofAdhesive Bonds in Laminated Wood
29、 Products at ElevatedTemperaturesD7480 Guide for Evaluating the Attributes of a ForestManagement PlanE84 Test Method for Surface Burning Characteristics ofBuilding MaterialsE96/E96M Test Methods for Water Vapor Transmission ofMaterialsE119 Test Methods for Fire Tests of Building Constructionand Mate
30、rials2.2 CSA Standards:4CSA Standards for Wood Adhesives O112-M SeriesCSA O325 Construction Sheathing2.3 ISO/IEC Standards:5ISO/IEC 17020 General Criteria for the Operation of Vari-ous Types of Bodies Performing Inspection2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontac
31、t ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.4Available from Canadian Standards Association (CSA), 5
32、060 Spectrum Way,Mississauga, ON L4W 5N6, Canada, http:/www.csa.ca.5Available from International Organization for Standardization (ISO), 1, ch. dela Voie-Creuse, CP 56, CH-1211 Geneva 20, Switzerland, http:/www.iso.org.D5456 1712ISO/IEC 17025 General Requirements for the Competenceof Testing and Cal
33、ibration LaboratoriesISO/IEC 17065 Conformity Assessment Requirements forBodies Certifying Products, Processes and Services2.4 Other Standard:US Product Standard PS 2 Performance Standard for Wood-Based Structural-Use Panels3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsStandard definitions of wood terms aregiven in
34、Terminology D9.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 Exposure 1 durabilitya bond classification forwood-based products that are not permanently exposed to theweather.3.2.1.1 DiscussionWood-based products classified as Ex-posure 1 are intended to resist the effects of moisture onst
35、ructural performance due to construction delays or otherconditions of similar severity.3.2.2 structural composite lumber (SCL)in thisspecification, structural composite lumber (SCL) is any oflaminated veneer lumber (LVL), parallel strand lumber (PSL),laminated strand lumber (LSL), oriented strand lu
36、mber (OSL),or laminated veneer bamboo (LVB), which are intended forstructural use and bonded with an exterior adhesive.3.2.2.1 laminated strand lumber (LSL)a composite ofwood strand elements with wood fibers primarily orientedalong the longitudinal axis of the member, where the leastdimension of the
37、 wood strand elements is 0.10 in. (2.54 mm) orless and their average lengths are a minimum of 150 times theleast dimension of the wood strand elements.3.2.2.2 laminated veneer bamboo (LVB)a composite ofbamboo strand elements, edge-bonded to form veneer sheetswhich are then face-bonded to form finish
38、ed products, withbamboo fibers primarily oriented along the longitudinal axis ofthe member where the least dimension of strand elements is0.25 in. (6.4 mm) or less and their average strand lengths are aminimum of 300 times the least dimension of the bamboostrand elements (see X2.2).3.2.2.3 laminated
39、 veneer lumber (LVL)a composite ofwood veneer sheet elements with wood fibers primarily ori-ented along the longitudinal axis of the member, where theveneer element thicknesses are 0.25 in. (6.4 mm) or less.3.2.2.4 oriented strand lumber (OSL)a composite of woodstrand elements with wood fibers prima
40、rily oriented along thelongitudinal axis of the member, where the least dimension ofthe wood strand elements is 0.10 in. (2.54 mm) or less and theiraverage lengths are a minimum of 75 times the least dimensionof the wood strand elements.3.2.2.5 parallel strand lumber (PSL)a composite of woodveneer s
41、trand elements with wood fibers primarily orientedalong the longitudinal axis of the member, where the leastdimension of wood veneer strand elements is 0.25 in. (6.4 mm)or less and their average lengths are a minimum of 300 timesthe least dimension of the wood veneer strand elements.3.2.3 Discussion
42、SCL has three mutually perpendiculardirections of orientation (see Fig. 1):L DirectionParallel to the longitudinal direction of the member.X DirectionParallel to a surface of the member and normal to the L direction.Y DirectionNormal to both L and X direction.In this specification, longitudinal shea
43、r means shear stress inthe L-X and L-Y planes. Planar shear is stress in the X-Y plane.3.2.4 SCL adhesive, na material used for adhesion in themanufacturing of SCLproducts, which could be an SCLbinderor non-binder adhesive.3.2.5 SCL binder adhesive, nan adhesive that bonds woodelements, such as flak
44、es, strands, particles, or fibers, of SCLproducts and usually does not form a continuous bondline.3.2.5.1 DiscussionCurrent examples of SCL binders in-clude those systems used in the production of LSL and OSL.3.2.6 SCL non-binder adhesive, nan adhesive that bondswood elements, such as veneers and ve
45、neer strand elements, ofSCL products that is intended to completely cover all of thegluing surfaces.3.2.6.1 DiscussionCurrent examples of SCL non-binderadhesives include those systems used in the production of LVL,PSL and LVB.4. Materials4.1 GeneralStructural composite lumber materials con-forming t
46、o this specification meet the definition of a bio-basedproduct in accordance with 3.3.1 of Guide D7480.4.2 Wood ElementsWood elements used in the fabricationof SCL products shall conform to 3.2.FIG. 1 Orientations for Structural Composite LumberD5456 17134.3 Adhesives4.3.1 Non-Binder AdhesivesNon-bi
47、nder adhesives used inthe fabrication of SCL products shall conform to the require-ments in Specification D2559. In Canada, non-binder adhe-sives shall conform to the appropriate section of CSA Stan-dards for Wood Adhesives, O112-M Series, except that theLVB adhesives shall be based on the criteria
48、for hardwoodspecies.4.3.2 Binder AdhesiveBinder adhesives, when used, shallbe evaluated to meet the requirements specifed in Annex A5(see Note 2).NOTE 2Annex A5 requirements meet or exceed the requirements forExposure 1; other conditions are beyond the scope of this specification.See the commentary
49、and the section on Design and Mechanical PropertyConcerns in Appendix X2 for further information.4.3.3 Non-Binder and Binder AdhesivesAll adhesivesused for SCL shall be qualified for heat durability performancein accordance with 4.3.4. X2.2.4 provides additional informa-tion.NOTE 3Heat durable performance implies that the bond betweenwood elements will permit the SCL to exhibit similar performancecharacteristics as solid wood in an elevated temperature environment.4.3.4 Adhesive Heat Durability:4.3.4.1 Adhesives used for LVL and PSL shall be qual
