1、Designation: D5534 94 (Reapproved 2011)1Standard Test Method forVapor-Phase Rust-Preventing Characteristics of HydraulicFluids1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5534; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revisio
2、n, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1NOTEUpdated Note 2 and added mercury caveat editorially in August 2011.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the abi
3、lity of hydraulic fluids toprevent the rusting of steel in the vapor phase over thehydraulic fluid and water.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.3 WARNINGMercury has been designated by manyregulatory agencies as a
4、 hazardous material that can causecentral nervous system, kidney and liver damage. Mercury, orits vapor, may be hazardous to health and corrosive tomaterials. Caution should be taken when handling mercury andmercury containing products. See the applicable product Ma-terial Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) f
5、or details and EPAswebsitehttp:/www.epa.gov/mercury/faq.htmfor addi-tional information. Users should be aware that selling mercuryand/or mercury containing products into your state or countrymay be prohibited by law.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, ass
6、ociated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A108 Specification for Steel Bar, Carbon and Alloy, Cold
7、-FinishedA240/A240M Specification for Chromium and Chromium-Nickel Stainless Steel Plate, Sheet, and Strip for PressureVessels and for General ApplicationsD91 Test Method for Precipitation Number of LubricatingOilsD665 Test Method for Rust-Preventing Characteristics ofInhibited Mineral Oil in the Pr
8、esence of WaterD1193 Specification for Reagent WaterD3603 Test Method for Rust-Preventing Characteristics ofSteam Turbine Oil in the Presence of Water (HorizontalDisk Method)E1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers2.2 Other Standards:IP 60/80 Specification for Petroleum Spirit3BS 970:
9、1955EN3B Specification for wrought steels43. Summary of Test Method3.1 This test method is divided into two parts:3.1.1 Part AUsed only for fluids where water is thecontinuous phase. Examples of such fluids include water-glycol hydraulic fluids and high-water-content hydraulic fluids.Do not use Part
10、 A to evaluate invert emulsion hydraulic fluids.3.1.2 Part BUsed for both water-containing fluids andcompletely water-free fluids such as petroleum based hydraulicfluids, except phosphate esters. In Part B a small beaker ofwater is present to provide water vapor to cause corrosion inthe absence of a
11、 vapor-phase inhibitor in the fluid. Part B is theappropriate procedure for evaluating invert emulsion hydraulicfluids.3.2 In both Part A and Part B, a steel specimen is attachedto the underside of the cover of a beaker containing the fluidunder test. The apparatus and specimen are identical to thos
12、e ofTest Method D3603. The fluid is brought to a test temperatureof 60C (140F).3.3 In Part B, the test specimen is exposed to the vapor fromthe fluid for 30 min prior to the introduction of water. A beakerof water is then placed in the undercarriage of the cover.3.4 After 6 h, the apparatus is disas
13、sembled and the speci-men is rated visually for the presence of rust.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeD02.N0.02 on Industrial Applications.Current edition approved July 1, 2011. Publi
14、shed August 2011. Originallyapproved in 1994. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as D553494(2005).DOI: 10.1520/D5534-94R11E01.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume informat
15、ion, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from Energy Institute, 61 New Cavendish St., London, WIG 7AR,U.K., http:/www.energyinst.org.4Available from IHS, 15 Inverness Way East, Englewood, CO 80112, http:/.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO
16、 Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.3.5 Since the apparatus and test conditions are identical,Part A can be completed simultaneously with Test MethodD3603 by adding the vapor-phase specimen to that procedure.4. Significance and Use4.1 Procedures such as Test Methods D665 and D
17、3603assess the ability of new or unused hydraulic fluid to preventrusting on wetted steel surfaces but do not address theprevention of rusting in the vapor space above the fluid. Thisprocedure addresses the latter question under one set of testconditions and need not be applicable to some service co
18、ndi-tions. Since used fluids have not been cooperatively tested inthis procedure, its utility for in-service monitoring has not beenestablished.5. Apparatus5.1 Oil BathThermostatically controlled liquid bath ca-pable of maintaining a temperature in the oil sample of 60 61C (140 6 2F). The bath shall
19、 have holes to accommodatethe test beakers.NOTE 1The bath used for Test Method D665 can be used with a slightmodification, that is, the centers of the beaker holes are moved from 6.4mm to 18.3 mm (14 to2332 in.) from the axis of the stirrers.NOTE 2To indicate the temperature, a thermometric device s
20、uch as,resistance temperature detectors (RTDs), thermistors, or liquid-in-glassthermometers with equivalent or better requirements of ASTM Thermom-eter 9C or 9F, or IP Thermometer 21C, as prescribed in Specification E1may be used.5.2 Beaker400-mL, Berzelius-type, tall-form heat resis-tant glass beak
21、er,5approximately 127 mm (5 in.) in heightmeasured from the inside bottom center and approximately 70mm (234 in.) in inside diameter measured at the middle, andwithout pourout (see Fig. 1).5.3 Beaker Cover (Fig. 2) and Specimen Holder (Fig.3)Flat beaker cover of 4.8 mm (316 in.) methyl methacrylater
22、esin or other fluid-resistant material, kept in position by asuitable groove. Three holes, 7.9 mm (516 in.) in diameter, shallbe provided. Two are located on any diameter of the cover, onefor a stirrer 18.3 mm (2332 in.) from the covers center, and theother for the vapor-phase test specimen 7.9 mm (
23、516 in.) fromthe center on the opposite side. The third hole, for a thermom-eter, is located 27 mm (1116 in.) from the center on a diameterperpendicular to that of the other two holes. The undercarriageis a Test Method D3603 specimen holder suitably attached tothe beaker cover, used here to support
24、the water beaker (see5.7) used in Part B. One suitable undercarriage (the one used inthe round-robin) is shown in Fig. 1. An undercarriage must bepresent even for Part A, to prevent vortexing. The holding rod,appropriate for this apparatus, is depicted in Fig. 4.NOTE 3Other holders suitable for supp
25、orting the specimen in TestMethod D3603 are also suitable for supporting the water beaker in this testmethod. The undercarriage design is not considered to be critical.5.4 StirrerConstructed entirely from stainless steel in theform of an inverted T (Fig. 5). A flat blade 25.4 by 6.1 by 0.6mm (1 by 0
26、.24 by 0.024 in.) shall be attached to a 6.1 mm (0.24in.) rod in such a way that the blade is symmetrical with the rodand has its flat surface in the vertical pane.NOTE 4A suitable material is an 18 % chromium, 8 % nickel alloysteel conforming to Type 304 of Specification A240/A240M, or SAE No.30304
27、, or BS 970: Part 1: 1983: 302531.NOTE 5If stainless steel is not available, stirrers made of heat resistantglass and having approximately the same dimensions as the stainless steelstirrers can be used.65.5 Stirring ApparatusAny convenient form of stirringapparatus capable of maintaining a speed of
28、1000 6 50 rpm.5British Standard 2, 1965 Section 5, or equivalent, may be used.6Borosilicate glass is satisfactory for this purpose.NOTEAll dimensions are in millimetres (inches).FIG. 1 Rusting Test ApparatusNOTEAll dimensions are in millimetres (inches).FIG. 2 Beaker CoverD5534 94 (2011)125.6 Grindi
29、ng and Polishing Equipment150- and 240- gritmetalworking aluminum oxide abrasive cloth, closed coat on ajeans backing, a suitable chuck (Fig. 6) for holding thespecimen, and a means of rotating the specimen at a speed of1700 to 1800 rpm.5.7 Water Beaker for Part BFlat-bottomed beaker madefrom 30 mm
30、(1.2 in.) outside diameter standard wall glasstubing, 50 mm (2.0 in.) high. It should fit snugly in theundercarriage of the specimen holder.6. Reagents and Materials6.1 Cleaning AgentsOne of the following shall be used.6.1.1 ASTM Precipitation Naphtha, conforming to TestMethod D91.(WarningPrecipitat
31、ion naphtha is flammableand a health hazard.)NOTEAll dimensions are in millimetres (inches).FIG. 3 Specimen HolderNOTEAll dimensions are in millimetres (inches).FIG. 4 Holding RodNOTE 1All dimensions are in millimetres (inches).NOTE 2125all over.NOTE 3All dimensions 60.5 mm (0.02 in.).NOTE 4Break al
32、l sharp corners.FIG. 5 StirrerD5534 94 (2011)136.1.2 Isooctane, conforming to Annex A2. on ReferenceMaterials and Blending Accessories.7Previously used, un-rusted specimens shall be stored in this reagent. (WarningIsooctane is flammable and a health hazard.)6.1.3 IP Petroleum Spirit, conforming to I
33、P Specifica-tion 60/80. (WarningIP petroleum spirit is flammable and ahealth hazard.)7. Test Specimens and Their Preparation7.1 The steel coupon, when new, shall be 30.2 mm (1316 in.)in diameter and 4.8 mm (316 in.) thick, with a 6.4 mm (14 in.)central threaded shaft 9.5 mm (38 in.) long (Fig. 7). S
34、pecimensshould be discarded when they reach a thickness of 1.6 mm(116 in.) after repeated use.7.2 Coupons shall be made of steel conforming to Grade1018 of Specification A108,ortoBS 970: 1955EN3B.NOTE 6When making a check test, the steel coupon that showed rustshould not be reused. Steel coupons tha
35、t repeatedly show rust in tests ofvarious oils might be imperfect. Such coupons should be used with oilsknown to pass the test. If rusting results, the coupons should be discarded.7.3 Steel coupons, either new or from a previous test(previously used coupons shall be stored in isooctane) shall beprep
36、ared as described in 7.4 and 7.5.7.4 Preliminary GrindingIf the coupons have been usedpreviously and are free from rust or other irregularities thepreliminary grinding may be omitted, and they may be sub-jected to only final polishing as prescribed in 7.5.Ifthespecimens are new or if any part of the
37、ir surfaces show rust orother irregularities, clean them with ASTM precipitation naph-tha or isooctane or IP 60/80 petroleum spirit and grind themwith medium 150-grit aluminum oxide cloth to remove allirregularities, pits and scratches, as determined by visualinspection.7.4.1 Do not touch the specim
38、en with the hands at any stageafter cleaning with naphtha or isooctane or the petroleum spirit(which precedes either preliminary grinding or final polishing)until the test is completed. Forceps or a clean lintless cloth maybe used.7.5 Final PolishingJust before the test is to be made,polish the spec
39、imens with a 240-grit aluminum oxide cloth. Ifthe preliminary grinding has just been completed, stop themotor which rotates the specimen. Otherwise, remove thespecimen from the isooctane (previously used unrusted speci-mens shall be stored in this reagent), dry with a clean cloth, andplace in a chuc
40、k.7.5.1 Steel CouponWhen polishing a steel coupon, rub anew piece of 240-grit aluminum oxide cloth across the flat testsurface until the entire surface shows visible straight scratches.Rotate the coupon at a speed of 1700 to 1800 rpm and polishwith a strip of 240-grit aluminum oxide cloth by pressin
41、gfirmly against the cloth with the flat of the thumb and slowlymoving it back and forth across the flat surface to produce auniform finely scratched surface free from straight scratches.Carry out the final stages of the polishing with new cloth. Useonly the flat surface in evaluating the test. Howev
42、er, the edgeand surface adjacent to the shaft should be rust free, notnecessarily polished, at the start of the test.8. Procedure8.1 Clean the beaker in accordance with good laboratoryprocedure, rinse it with distilled water (see SpecificationD1193) and dry it in an oven. Clean the stainless steel s
43、tirrerand plastic beaker cover and specimen holder assembly withASTM precipitation naphtha, isooctane, or 60/80 petroleumspirit, and dry thoroughly at room temperature.NOTE 7In cases of dispute the parties are to agree on a glasswarecleaning procedure. However, the round-robin was conducted with gla
44、ss-ware cleaned with chromic acid.8.2 Being careful to avoid fingerprints, attach the steelcoupon by its threaded portion to the underside of the beakercover. The coupon can be threaded into a Test Method D3603vertical specimen or plastic cap, a14 in.20 UNC nut, a thinpiece of plastic with a 5-mm (3
45、16-in.) hole, or any otherconvenient support.8.3 Pour 275 mL of the fluid to be tested into the beaker andplace the beaker in the oil bath held at a temperature that willmaintain 60 6 1C (140 6 2F) in the oil sample. Insert thebeaker into a hole in the bath cover so that the beaker issuspended with
46、the rim resting on the bath cover. The oil level7Withdrawn. See 1994 Annual Book of ASTM Standards , Vol 05.04 (graypages).NOTE 1Tap dimensions are in inches. All others are in millimetres(inches).NOTE 2125all over.NOTE 3All dimensions 60.5 mm (0.02 in.).NOTE 4Break all sharp corners.FIG. 6 Chuck fo
47、r Polishing Test SpecimensNOTEAll dimensions are in millimetres (inches).FIG. 7 Steel CouponD5534 94 (2011)14in the bath shall not be below the oil level in the test beaker.Lower the assembly into the oil sample until the cover rests onthe beaker rim. Insert the thermometer in the beaker so that the
48、bulb is positioned approximately 20 mm (34 in.) from thebottom of the beaker. Place the stirrer in position so that it doesnot touch the coupons when turning and is within 2.0 mm (0.08in.) of the bottom of the beaker. Start the stirrer and stir whilethe temperature of the sample reaches 60 6 1C (140
49、 6 2F).8.4 For Part A, time 6 h from the time the temperaturereaches 60 6 1C (140 6 2F).8.5 For Part B, allow the sample to stir for 30 min after itstemperature reaches 60 6 1C (140 6 2F). Then stop thestirrer, remove the thermometer and raise the beaker cover.Place the water beaker containing 25 mL of deionized water inthe undercarriage, replace the cover assembly, replace thethermometer, start the stirrer and time 6 h from that time.8.6 After the 6 h has elapsed, stop the stirrer,
