1、Designation: D 5982 02Standard Test Method forDetermining Cement Content of Fresh Soil-Cement (Heat ofNeutralization Method)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5982; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision
2、, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope *1.1 This test method covers the procedure for determiningthe cement content of fresh soil-cement. This te
3、st method canbe used for determining the cement content of specimens thatcontain 3 to 16 % cement. This test method is appropriate forsoil-cement containing up to 55 % plus 4.75 mm (No. 4)sieve-size particles with a maximum particle size of 75 mm (3in.). It should not be used for determining the Cla
4、ss F pozzolancontent of these mixtures.1.2 All observed and calculated values shall conform to theguidelines for significant digits and rounding established inPractice D 6026.1.2.1 The method used to specify how data are collected,calculated, or recorded in this test method is not directly relatedto
5、 the accuracy to which the data can be applied in design orother uses, or both. How one applies the results obtained usingthis test method is beyond its scope.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses are forinformation only.1.4 Th
6、is standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precau-tion
7、ary statements are given in Section 8.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:C 219 Terminology Relating to Hydraulic Cement2D 653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and ContainedFluids3D 2216 Test Method for Laboratory Determination of Water(Moisture) Content of Soil and Rock3D 3740 Practice for
8、 Minimum Requirements for AgenciesEngaged in the Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and Rockas Used in the Engineering Design and Construction3D 4753 Specification for Evaluating, Selecting, and Speci-fying Balances and Scales for Use in Testing Soil, Rock,and Related Construction Materials3D 6026 Pr
9、actice for Using Significant Digits in Geotechni-cal Data4E 644 Test Methods for Testing Industrial Resistance Ther-mometers53. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 Refer to Terminology D 653 for terms relating to soil.3.1.2 Refer to Terminology C 219 for terms relating tohydraulic cement.3.2 Definition
10、s of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 heat of neutralizationthe difference between thetemperature of soil-cement/buffer solution after mixing and theaverage of buffer solution and soil-cement test specimentemperature before mixing.3.2.2 percent cementpercentage of cement by total massof specime
11、n.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 A representative sample of fresh soil-cement is ob-tained. The temperature of the soil-cement test specimen and abuffer solution are determined separately and recorded. Thebuffer solution is added to the soil-cement test specimen andvigorously mixed. After mixing, the
12、temperature of the soil-cement/buffer solution mixture is determined and recorded.The heat of neutralization is calculated and, from a previouslyestablished calibration curve, the cement content of the testspecimen is obtained.5. Significance and Use5.1 This procedure provides a means for reliably d
13、etermin-ing the cement content of soil-cement in approximately 15 to20 min. The procedure can be used to determine the cementcontent of soil-cement to 61 percentage point by mass of drysample of the actual cement content, that is generally adequatefor most construction control applications.1This tes
14、t method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D18 on Soil andRock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.15 on Stabilization withAdmixtures.Current edition approved July 10, 2002. Published September 2002. Originallypublished as D 598296. Last previous edition D 598296.2Annual B
15、ook of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.01.3Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.08.4Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.09.5Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.03.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Con
16、shohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.5.2 The buffer solution reacts with the calcium hydroxide inthe cement and may react with calcareous material in the soilto produce heat. Any reaction from calcareous soil is accom-modated in the calibration curve but below 3 % cement contentthere is usually i
17、nsufficient temperature reaction for reliableresults. Because Class F pozzolan may not contain any calciumhydroxide for reaction, this test method will not determinepercentage Class F pozzolan in the mix.NOTE 1The quality of the result produced by this test method isdependent on the competence of th
18、e personnel performing it, and thesuitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet thecriteria of Practice D 3740 are generally considered capable of competentand objective testing/sampling/inspection/ and the like. User of thisstandard are cautioned that compliance with Practice
19、 D 3740 does not initself assure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors;Practice D 3740 provides a means of evaluating some of those factors.6. Apparatus6.1 Balance or Scale Chosen in accordance with Speci-fication D 4753.6.1.1 A typical balance or scale used for obtaining the mas
20、sof a soil-cement test specimen must be readable to 0.01 kg or0.01 lbm and have a capacity of about 9.1 kg (20 lbm).6.1.2 A typical balance or scale used for preparing the buffersolution (see 7.4) must be readable to 0.1 g and have a capacityof about 3000 g.6.2 Digital Thermometer, 0 to 100C range,
21、readable to0.1C, conforming to the requirements of Test Methods E 644.The digital thermometer must be equipped with a thermo-couple probe as short as possible and no more than (5 in.) inlength.6.3 Specimen Container, leakproof, widemouth plastic(Nalgene) container, 4-L (1-gal) capacity, with screw c
22、ap,minimum of three recommended. One cap should be pierced inthe center to allow insertion of the thermometer probe.6.4 Timing Device, A stopwatch or other suitable timingdevice readable to 1 s.6.5 Glass or Plastic Beaker, Approximately 3000-mL ca-pacity.6.6 Funnel, Widemouth funnel to fit mouth of
23、specimencontainer (see 6.3).6.7 Hand Scoop, Flatbottom and scoop with handle; ap-proximate bowl dimensions, 75 by 150 mm (3-12 by 6 in.).6.8 Gloves, Protective gloves to be worn whenever handlingbuffer solution.6.9 Specimen Container Holder, Angle irons, woodblocks,or other suitable material capable
24、 of holding the specimencontainer securely in an inverted position.6.10 Buffer Container, A suitable container with pouringspout or spigot, preferably plastic, of sufficient capacity to holda buffer solution supply for daily testing. Each test performedrequires 1.5 L of buffer solution.6.11 Pail, Pl
25、astic pail, minimum 4-L (1-gal) capacity.6.12 Spoon, Large metal spoon for mixing the soil-cementcalibration test specimens as described in Section 10.6.13 Mixing Container, An 11- to 15-L (3- to 4-gal) con-tainer, preferably plastic, used for mixing the soil-cementcalibration test specimens as desc
26、ribed in Section 10.6.14 Shovel or Large Scoop, Square faced shovel or largescoop, used for obtaining fresh sample from belt, hopper, truck,or site.7. Reagents and Materials7.1 Distilled water is to be used for preparing the buffersolution as described in 7.4. Tapwater that is free of acids,alkalies
27、, or oils and is suitable for drinking should be used forrinsing the thermocouple probe and lid.7.2 Sodium Acetate Anhydrous (crystalline) sodium ac-etate, technical grade or better, 225 g required for each testspecimen.7.3 Glacial Acetic AcidLiquid glacial acetic acid, techni-cal grade or better, 3
28、60 g required for each test specimen.7.4 Preparation of Buffer Solution:7.4.1 Prepare 1.5 liters of buffer solution for each specimen.7.4.2 Dissolve 225 g of anhydrous sodium acetate in 500mL of distilled water, stirring constantly.NOTE 2A blender or malt mixer may be used to help dissolve theanhydr
29、ous sodium acetate.7.4.3 Add 360 g of glacial acetic acid to the sodiumacetate/water solution prepared in 7.4.2.7.4.4 Add distilled water to bring the final volume to 1.5 L.Mix thoroughly.NOTE 3Subsection 7.4 provides sufficient buffer for one test. If morethan one test is to be performed, the propo
30、rtions given should be adjustedto provide enough buffer solution to complete testing required for that day(see subsection 7.5).7.5 Buffer solution is to be used within 24 h after it is mixed.8. Safety Hazards8.1 Chemicals used in this procedure contain acid that canbe irritating to exposed skin. Per
31、form this procedure only withadequate ventilation and with rinse water available. Wearrubber gloves, laboratory coat or apron, and safety glasses orgoggles.8.2 After mixing the soil-cement/buffer solution and beforeremoving the lid, place a towel over the top of the specimencontainer. The pressure g
32、enerated while mixing can cause fluidto spray as the lid is removed.9. Technical Hazards9.1 The calibration curve is specific to the mix design andmaterial used. If mix design percentages are changed or if thesource of material is changed, a new calibration curve must bedeveloped.9.2 Soil-cement wit
33、h gravel is highly susceptible to segre-gation during handling. To minimize segregation, use care inobtaining samples, selecting specimens, and during remixingand testing of the soil-cement specimen.9.3 Soil-cement samples are to be tested within 60 min fromthe time water and cement first come into
34、contact duringmixing at the lab, mixing plant, or on site.9.4 Soil-cement samples must be protected from moistureloss prior to testing.9.5 The temperature difference between the buffer solutionand soil-cement specimen should not exceed 4C. If thetemperature difference is equal to or greater than 4C,
35、 heat orcool the buffer solution to within 4C of the soil-cementspecimen.D59820229.6 Gelling or stiffening of the soil-cement/buffer solutionmixture may occur when testing specimens having cementcontents greater than 16 %. If this occurs, the ratio of mass ofbuffer solution to mass of soil-cement sp
36、ecimen (1.65 kg buffersolution to 1.50 kg soil-cement) (3.64 to 3.30 lbm) given in thistest method cannot be used and a new mass ratio must beestablished.9.7 The buffer solution used in the test method consists ofglacial acetic acid, water, and sodium acetate. Glacial aceticacid is corrosive and ign
37、itable and gives a distinct vinegar odorto the buffer mixture. Sodium acetate and calcium acetate (areaction product) are not considered to be toxic or hazardouschemicals. The acidity of the buffer solution changes from pH2 to pH 5.2 during testing and can be disposed of with thecement waste. If, af
38、ter testing, a higher pH value is desired orif there is unreacted buffer solution, additional cement or limemay be added to the mixture prior to disposal.10. Sampling10.1 Obtain a fresh soil-cement sample using either themethod described in 10.1.1 or 10.1.2. The method selecteddepends upon the reaso
39、n for testing. Subsection 10.1.1 is to beused if the production process at the mixing plant is to bechecked. Subsection 10.1.2 is to be used during placement ofsoil-cement at the time of construction.10.1.1 Using a square faced shovel or large scoop, obtain aminimum 2-kg (5-lbm) sample from the mixi
40、ng plant. Thesample should be taken immediately after the soil-cement isdeposited in the truck or onto the site. Segregation of the gravelfraction may occur during the dumping. When obtaining thesample, visually observe if it appears representative of thespecified mixture proportions. If the sample
41、does not appearrepresentative, it should be discarded and a new sampleobtained. Place the soil-cement sample in a large air-tightbucket or other suitable container (see 9.2-9.4 ).10.1.2 Using a shovel or large scoop, obtain a minimum2-kg (5-lbm) sample from the material obtained at the con-struction
42、 site for density or compressive strength testing, orboth. When obtaining the sample, visually observe if it appearsrepresentative of the specified mixture proportions. If thesample does not appear representative, it should be discardedand a new sample obtained. Place the soil-cement sample in alarg
43、e air-tight bucket or other suitable container (see 9.2-9.4).11. Calibration and Standardization11.1 Record all calibration data on an appropriate form orby electronic means. One example of a form that meets the datarequirements is the form shown in Fig. 1.11.2 Establish a calibration curve by deter
44、mining the heat ofneutralization of soil-cement test specimens prepared at knowncement contents that bracket the value of percent cement to beused for construction.11.3 Prepare nine 1.50 kg (3.30 lbm) soil-cement calibrationspecimens using the percentages of gravel, minus 4.75 mm(No. 4) material, an
45、d water as determined when the mixturewas proportioned. The amount of cement added to the calibra-tion specimens should be as follows: three calibration speci-mens should be two percentage points less cement than thatspecified for construction, three specimens two percentagepoints greater, and three
46、 specimens having the same percentcement as specified for construction. An example mixtureproportion calculation for one 1.50 kg (3.30 lbm) specimen isshown on Fig. 2. Note that, in the example, water contentvalues are required and were previously determined in accor-dance with Test Method D 2216 in
47、 order to calculate thequantity of each size material needed.11.3.1 In four separate containers place the mass, deter-mined to the nearest 0.01 kg or 0.01 lbm, of gravel, minus 4.75mm (No. 4) material, water and cement for one 1.50 kg (3.30lbm) soil-cement calibration specimen.11.3.2 Combine the gra
48、vel and minus 4.75 mm (No. 4)material with one-half the required amount of water in an 11-to 15-L (3- to 4-gal) container. Mix thoroughly using a largespoon or other suitable mixing device. Ensure that the gravel isevenly wetted and that no dry clods of minus 4.75 mm (No. 4)material are present in t
49、he calibration specimen.11.3.3 Add the cement and the remainder of the water to thecalibration specimen. Mix thoroughly to ensure an evendistribution of cement throughout the specimen. Ensure that nocement clods are present and no cement is sticking to the sidesof the container.11.3.4 Place the funnel into the mouth of the test specimencontainer.11.3.5 Using the large spoon, place the soil-cement calibra-tion specimen into the specimen container using care to preventportions of the calibration specimen from sticking to the sidesof the funnel. Ensure that all of the calibra
